Struktura fazowa oraz tekstura osadzonych elektrolitycznie stopów InSn na podłożu miedzianym

Stopy In-Sn są interesujące jako materiały dla technologii połączeń bezołowiowych oraz jako materiały zastępujące toksyczne warstwy kadmowe. W pracy badano warstwy indowo-cynowe osadzone z kompleksowych roztworów cytrynianowych. Kąpiele cytrynianowe są szczególnie atrakcyjne jako nietoksyczne kąpiele dla elektrolitycznego osadzania stopów. Osadzanie prowadzono w różnych warunkach hydrodynamicznych przy zastosowaniu wirującej elektrody dyskowej (WED). Stosowany potencjał, warunki hydrodynamiczne, pH, skład roztworu i dodatki składników organicznych miały silny wpływ na skład chemiczny, strukturę fazową i teksturę osadzonych warstw. Obliczono równowagi fazowe w układzie Cu-In-Sn i przedstawiono izoplety diagramu fazowego. W zakresie 25 do 400° C przeprowadzono badania termicznej stabilności osadów na podkładzie miedzianym przy zastosowaniu strukturalnej analizy rentgenowskiej.The In-Sn alloys are interesting as the materials used in the lead-free interconnection technology and as the replacement materials for toxic cadmium layers. This work investigated the indium-tin layers electrodeposited from the complex citrate solutions. The citrate electrolytic baths are especially attractive as the non-toxic baths for the electrodeposition of alloys. The depositions were conducted in various hydrodynamic conditions by means of the rotating disc electrode technique (RDE). It was observed that the applied potential, hydrodynamic conditions, pH, composition of solution and additional organic compounds have a strong effect on the chemical composition, the phase structure and the texture of the electrodeposited layers. The phase equilibria in the Cu-In-Sn ternary system were calculated and the isopleths of the phase diagram were presented. The X-ray structural investigations of the thermal stability of the deposits on the copper substrate were carried out in the temperature range from 25 to 400° C

Micromorphology of the model species pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera, Aphididae) with special emphasis on the sensilla structure

The pea aphid complex [Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris 1776)] (Hemiptera, Aphididae), listed among the 14 aphid species of the greatest economic importance, is a globally distributed key pest of pulse crops. Since the pea aphid is a well-studied model organism, an enormous amount of literature has been published about this species. However, comprehensive morphological analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused on all body parts of adult viviparous and sexual generations of A. pisum, are lacking. Thus, we present the first detailed morphological description of all body parts of adult wingless and winged viviparous females (parthenogenetic generation) as well as oviparous females, winged and wingless males (sexual generation), representing the most common A. pisum pea biotype. In particular, the sensilla of the body surface, antennae, mouthparts, legs and male genitalia are mapped by the high-resolution scanning electron microscope. The morphological diversity of sensilla is discussed in the context of their function and the biology of aphids

Pyrido- and benzisothiazolones as inhibitors of histone acetyltransferases (HATs)

Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are interesting targets for the treatment of cancer and HIV infections but reports on selective inhibitors are very limited. Here we report structure–activity studies of pyrido- and benzisothiazolones in the in vitro inhibition of histone acetyltransferases, namely PCAF, CBP, Gcn5 and p300 using a heterogeneous assay with antibody mediated quantitation of the acetylation of a peptidic substrate. Dependent on the chemical structure distinct subtype selectivity profiles can be obtained. While N-aryl derivatives usually are rather pan-HAT inhibitors, N-alkyl derivatives show mostly a preference for CBP/p300. Selected compounds were also shown to be inhibitors of MOF. The best inhibitors show submicromolar inhibition of CBP. Selected compounds affect growth of HL-60 leukemic cells and LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells with higher potency on the leukemic cells. Target engagement was shown with reduction of histone acetylation in LNCaP cells

Actin cytoskeleton in the extra-ovular embryo sac of Utricularia nelumbifolia (Lentibulariaceae)

The actin cytoskeleton in the mature female gametophyte of angiosperms has been examined in only a few dicot and monocot species. The main purposes of this study were to identify how the actin cytoskeleton is arranged in the mature extra-ovular embryo sac in Utricularia nelumbifolia (Lentibulariaceae). We found that the extra-ovular part of the central cell has a well-developed actin cytoskeleton: actin microfilaments formed of long strands which run longitudinally or transversally to the long axis of the embryo sac. The exerted part of the central cell, which is exposed to the environment of the ovary chamber, is highly vacuolated and in the thin peripheral cytoplasm possesses a complicated network of actin microfilaments. The epidermal cells of the placenta that are in contact with the extra-ovular part of the embryo sac are crushed. The ultrastructure data of these cells are presented. We detected the accumulation of the actin cytoskeleton between the micropylar parts of the synergids and the extra-ovular part of central cell. This actin accumulation is unusual because in typical angiosperms the micropylar parts of the synergids form the apex of the female gametophyte

Synergids and filiform apparatus in the sexual and apomictic dandelions from section Palustria (Taraxacum, Asteraceae)

An evolutionary trend to reduce “unnecessary costs” associated with the sexual reproduction of their amphimictic ancestors, which may result in greater reproductive success, has been observed among the obligatory apomicts. However, in the case of the female gametophyte, knowledge about this trend in apomicts is not sufficient because most of the ultrastructural studies of the female gametophyte have dealt with amphimictic angiosperms. In this paper, we tested the hypothesis that, in contrast to amphimictic plants, synergids in apomictic embryo sacs do not form a filiform apparatus. We compared the synergid structure in two dandelions from sect. Palustria: the amphimictic diploid Taraxacum tenuifolium and the apomictic tetraploid, male-sterile Taraxacum brandenburgicum. Synergids in both species possessed a filiform apparatus. In T. brandenburgicum, both synergids persisted for a long time without any degeneration, in spite of the presence of an embryo and endosperm. We propose that the persistent synergids in apomicts may play a role in the transport of nutrients to the embryo

Use of modernized ballistic pendulum in trials to penetrate materials used for antiterrorist shields with 12.7 mm round

W artykule przedstawiono stanowisko do badań przebijalności materiałów przy ostrzale pociskiem kalibru 12,7 mm umożliwiające rejestrację energii pochłoniętej przez próbkę. Opisano proces przeprowadzania badań balistycznych wraz z wykonaniem próbek. Przedstawiono wyniki testowe oraz uproszczony bilans energetyczny wahadła balistycznego do analizy zjawiska penetracji materiału przez pocisk.The paper presents a test stand to investigate penetrability of materials when hit with a 12.7 mm round which make it possible to record energy absorbed by the sample. It describes the process of investigations and making the samples. It shows the test results and a simplified energy balance for a ballistic pendulum for analysis of the phenomenon of penetration of material by a round

Study on the importance of health and safety regulation awareness among construction sector workers

Budownictwo jest najbardziej wypadkowym sektorem gospodarki. W związku z tym niezwykle ważne jest przestrzeganie uregulowań z zakresu BHP. W pracy zbadano, jaka jest świadomość ich znaczenia wśród pracowników budowlanych. Przeprowadzono badania ankietowe wśród 200 zatrudnionych. Uzyskane wyniki pokazują, że pracownicy doceniają znaczenie przepisów BHP, jednakże nie zawsze, w sposób świadomy się do nich stosują.Construction is the most-accident sector of the economy. Therefore, it is extremely important to comply with health and safety regulations. In this paper we examined the awareness of their importance among construction workers. Questionnaire surveys were carried out among 200 employees. The obtained results show that employees appreciate the importance of health and safety regulations, however, they do not always consciously apply them

Wykorzystanie badań termowizyjnych do analizy stabilności procesu wytłaczania mikroporującego poli(chlorku winylu)

Essential role in polymer processing takes processing conditions i.e. temperature, pressure, screw rotational speed and time. During the polymer modification in cellular and microcellular extrusion process significant changes in the process ensue. Influence of this two factors caused also another changes in properties and physical structure of obtained extruded products. Because of that, proper selection of processing conditions, specially temperature, machines and equipment parameters is necessary. Is such a case, process will be effective and stable.Znaczącą rolę w procesach przetwórstwa tworzyw odgrywają warunki procesu takie jak temperatura, ciśnienie, szybkość obrotowa ślimaka, czas. Podczas modyfikacji tworzywa polimerowego w procesie wytłaczania porującego oraz mikroporującego na skutek działania podwyższonej temperatury oraz jednocześnie działania poroforu następują istotne zmiany w przebiegu procesu wytłaczania. Kolejną zmianą, jaką niesie za sobą wpływ obu czynników jest zmiana właściwości oraz struktury fizycznej otrzymanych wytworów. Z tego względu konieczny staje się taki dobór poszczególnych warunków przetwórstwa, w tym szczególnie temperatury oraz parametrów maszyn i urządzeń przetwórczych, aby proces mógł być prowadzony efektywnie i stabilnie