SARS-CoV 9b protein diffuses into nucleus, undergoes active Crm1 mediated nucleocytoplasmic export and triggers apoptosis when retained in the nucleus

10.1371/journal.pone.0019436PLoS ONE65

Stock Assessment of Small Pelagic Fishes Caught by Ring Net Fishery in the Camotes Sea, Central Visayas, Philippines (2003-2012)

An analysis of the ten-year data on catch, effort, and length frequency of small pelagic caught from ring net fishery in the Camotes Sea was made. Length frequency data were used to estimate growth, mortality (total, natural, and fishing mortalities) and exploitation levels using the FAO-ICLARM Fish Stock Assessment Tools (FISAT) program developed by FAO/ICLARM. Generally, the sizes of the major species caught from ring net fishery are smaller than the maximum size they can attain and were harvested before reaching maturity lengths. The probability of capture at L50, however, was higher in 2003-2012 than in 1983-1987 assessment. Analysis of the recruitment pattern in the Camotes Sea reveals a dual recruitment mode per year starting from April to June which conforms to the findings of Jabat and Dalzell (1988) of which bimodal pattern of recruitment was observed for most of the small pelagic species in the catch of the ring net fishery from the Camotes Sea and in the Philippines in general. Exploitation rate (E=F/Z) estimates of three dominant pelagic species, Decapterus macrosoma (L∞=27.56 and present E=0.71), Selar crumenophthalmus (L∞=30.03 cm and present E=0.68), and Decapterus kurroides (L∞= 41.64 and present E=0.51) revealed they are vulnerable to ring net fishery as exhibited by high E values exceeding the 0.5 threshold. The present exploitation levels suggest growth overfishing of these pelagic species which will eventually lead to unsustainable ring net fishery in the Camotes Sea

Mid-upper arm circumference predicts death in adult patients admitted to a TB ward in the Philippines: A prospective cohort study

The Philippines is ranked 3rd globally for tuberculosis incidence (554/100,000 population). The tuberculosis ward at San Lazaro Hospital, Manila receives 1,800-2,000 admissions of acutely unwell patients per year with high mortality. Objectives of this prospective cohort study were to quantify the association of under-nutrition (primary) and diabetes (secondary) with inpatient mortality occurring between 3-28 days of hospital admission in patients with suspected or previously diagnosed TB. We enrolled 360 adults (≥18 years); 348 were eligible for the primary analysis (alive on day 3). Clinical, laboratory, anthropometric and enhanced tuberculosis diagnostic data were collected at admission with telephone tracing for mortality up to 6 months post-discharge. In the primary analysis population (mean age 45 years, SD = 15.0 years, 70% male), 58 (16.7%) deaths occurred between day 3-28 of admission; 70 (20.1%) between day 3 and discharge and documented total post-day 3 mortality including follow-up was 96 (27.6%). In those in whom it could be assessed, body mass index (BMI) ranged from 11.2-30.6 kg/m2 and 141/303 (46.5%) had moderate/severe undernutrition (BMI<17 kg/m2). A sex-specific cut-off for mid-upper arm circumference predictive of BMI<17 kg/m2 was associated with inpatient Day 3-28 mortality in males (AOR = 5.04, 95% CI: 1.50-16.86; p = 0.009; p = 0.032 for interaction by sex). The inability to stand for weight/height for BMI assessment was also associated with mortality (AOR = 5.59; 95% CI 2.25-13.89; p<0.001) as was severe compared to normal/mild anaemia (AOR = 9.67; 95% CI 2.48-37.76; p<0.001). No TB specific variables were associated with Day 3-28 mortality, nor was diabetes (HbA1c ≥6.5% or diabetes treatment). Similar effects were observed when the same multivariable model was applied to confirmed TB patients only and to the outcome of all post-day 3 in-patient mortality. This research supports the use of mid-upper arm circumference for triaging acutely unwell patients and the design and testing of nutrition-based interventions to improve patient outcomes