Nilai Ekonomi Wisata Taman Kota Berdasarkan Metode Biaya Perjalanan (Travel Cost Methode) Di Pekanbaru

Green Open Space (GOS) is important part of the city structure forming. One of city which need to attention of city park as part of GOS is Pekanbaru City. Pekanbaru is crowded enough city, buildings and vehicle already crowded city streets. The existence of a Pekanbaru city park can reduce air pollution, so that making the city atmosphere become more beautiful and naturally. City Park also used as recreation area as well as being one of the socializing media for population in Pekanbaru City, because there is hardly any place which has a sense of comfort and far from pollution. The purpose of this research is find out the characteristic of visitors who came for recreation to Pekanbaru City Park, to know how much economic value tour of Pekanbaru City Park per year based on Travel Cost Methode (TCM), to find out the factors affecting of economic value based on Travel Cost Methode (TCM). Materials and objects of this research is questionnaire sheet. Data collected using SPSS 19 (Statistic Package For Social Science) analyze. The results showed that Pekanbaru city park economic value based on Travel Cost Methode (TCM) of Rp.967.770.636/year, with average person of Rp.22.095,22

Kontribusi Pelestarian Hutan Mangrove terhadap Tingkat Pendapatan Anggota Kelompok Pengelola (Kpm) Belukap Desa Teluk Pambang Kecamatan Bantan Kabupaten Bengkalis Provinsi Riau

Mangrove forests are important life-supporting ecosistem in coastal areas. According to Macnae (1968), mangrove is defined as a group of vegetation that grow between the highest water level during high tide and the lowest water level during low tide. At Teluk Pambang village, an organization called Kelompok Pengelola Mangrove (KPM) Belukap was formed due to the anxiety of nearby people to further irresponsible demage of mangrove forests. After the co-fish project, a group was created to manage and project mangrove forests for fishery activities. This research aims to study the contribution of mangrove forest conservation to the income of KPM Belukap at Teluk Pambang village, Kecamatan Bantan, Kabupaten Bengkalis, Riau Province. Contribution of mangrove forest conservation and income data were collected, tabulated, analyzed. Income data were collected descriptively using survey papers. Analysis result show that the conservation of mangrove forests increase the income of KPM Belukap by 1,20% to 3,75%

Identifikasi Potensi Ekowisata Hutan Kota Pulau Bungin Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi

At this time the building of forest city pulau bungin still in step as the trees habitats in the middle of city that's why need the data about potency ecotourism of forest city pulau bungin located at kota taluk kuantan, kuantan singingi regency. This research doing at forest city pulau bungin, kuantan singingi regency, Riau province, helded at April-mei 2016. From the result of this reseach can conclude that the potency ecotourism of forest city located in forest city pulau bungin is pendopo, traditional track, jogging track, bridge, fruits forest, chair. The potency ecotourism of that very interesting in forest city pulau bungin is Fruits tree with precentage 48% and interesting category

Digital Media using Android Device for Japanese Grammar Learning

This study aims to determine the application of digital media impact as a grammar learning media. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive method, which is supported by questionnaire. This study's results were based on calculation of the survey results from Google Docs, which are distributed to 12 final-year students of the Japanese literature department, Universitas Komputer Indonesia. This study shows the Japanese grammar learning application and discusses its features. The conclusion obtained in this study is that the application is very useful and has complete features. This study's conclusion shows that 100% of respondents use digital learning applications as their learning media.  They stated that the application is very useful, more practical, easier to carry, and easier to use, and very helpful in learning Japanese, even though several features need to be improved. The use of this application media can increase motivation and Japanese grammar skills. The development and improvement of the quality of application media to get better learning outcomes are needed

Porewater Geochemical Assessment of Seismic Indications for Gas Hydrate Presence and Absence: Mahia Slope, East of New Zealand’s North Island

We compare sediment vertical methane flux off the Mahia Peninsula, on the Hikurangi Margin, east of New Zealand’s North Island, with a combination of geochemical, multichannel seismic and sub-bottom profiler data. Stable carbon isotope data provided an overview of methane contributions to shallow sediment carbon pools. Methane varied considerably in concentration and vertical flux across stations in close proximities. At two Mahia transects, methane profiles correlated well with integrated seismic and TOPAS data for predicting vertical methane migration rates from deep to shallow sediment. However, at our “control site”, where no seismic blanking or indications of vertical gas migration were observed, geochemical data were similar to the two Mahia transect lines. This apparent mismatch between seismic and geochemistry data suggests a potential to underestimate gas hydrate volumes based on standard seismic data interpretations. To accurately assess global gas hydrate deposits, multiple approaches for initial assessment, e.g., seismic data interpretation, heatflow profiling and controlled-source electromagnetics, should be compared to geochemical sediment and porewater profiles. A more thorough data matrix will provide better accuracy in gas hydrate volume for modeling climate change and potential available energy content

Solvent contribution to the stability of a physical gel characterized by quasi-elastic neutron scattering

The dynamics of a physical gel, namely the Low Molecular Mass Organic Gelator {\textit Methyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-$\alpha$ -D-mannopyranoside ($\alpha$-manno)} in water and toluene are probed by neutron scattering. Using high gelator concentrations, we were able to determine, on a timescale from a few ps to 1 ns, the number of solvent molecules that are immobilised by the rigid network formed by the gelators. We found that only few toluene molecules per gelator participate to the network which is formed by hydrogen bonding between the gelators' sugar moieties. In water, however, the interactions leading to the gel formations are weaker, involving dipolar, hydrophobic or $\pi-\pi$ interactions and hydrogen bonds are formed between the gelators and the surrounding water. Therefore, around 10 to 14 water molecules per gelator are immobilised by the presence of the network. This study shows that neutron scattering can give valuable information about the behaviour of solvent confined in a molecular gel.Comment: Langmuir (2015

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detection for multielement flow injection analysis and elemental speciation by reversed-phase liquid chromatography

The feasibility of using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer as a muitieiement detector for flow injection analysis (FIA) and ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography was investigated. Sample introduction was by uitrasonk nebulization with aerosol desolvation. Absolute detecton limits for FIA ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 ng for most elements using 10-pL injections. Over 30 elements were surveyed for their response to both anionic and cationic ion pairing reagents. The separation and selective detection of various As and Se species were demonstrated, yielding detection limits near 0.1 ng (as element) for ail six species present. Determination of 15 elements in a single injection with multiple ion monitoring produced shniiar detection limits. Isotope ratios were measured with sufficient precision (better than 2%) and accuracy (about 1 %) on eluting peaks of Cd and Pb to demonstrate that liquid chromatographyhductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry should make speciation studies with stable tracer isotopes feasible

Sickness behaviour pushed too far – the basis of the syndrome seen in severe protozoal, bacterial and viral diseases and post-trauma

Certain distinctive components of the severe systemic inflammatory syndrome are now well-recognized to be common to malaria, sepsis, viral infections, and post-trauma illness. While their connection with cytokines has been appreciated for some time, the constellation of changes that comprise the syndrome has simply been accepted as an empirical observation, with no theory to explain why they should coexist. New data on the effects of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines on the genetic control of sickness behaviour can be extended to provide a rationale for why this syndrome contains many of its accustomed components, such as reversible encephalopathy, gene silencing, dyserythropoiesis, seizures, coagulopathy, hypoalbuminaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. It is thus proposed that the pattern of pathology that comprises much of the systemic inflammatory syndrome occurs when one of the usually advantageous roles of pro-inflammatory cytokines – generating sickness behaviour by moderately repressing genes (Dbp, Tef, Hlf, Per1, Per2 and Per3, and the nuclear receptor Rev-erbα) that control circadian rhythm – becomes excessive. Although reversible encephalopathy and gene silencing are severe events with potentially fatal consequences, they can be viewed as having survival advantages through lowering energy demand. In contrast, dyserythropoiesis, seizures, coagulopathy, hypoalbuminaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia may best be viewed as unfortunate consequences of extreme repression of these same genetic controls when the pro-inflammatory cytokines that cause sickness behaviour are produced excessively. As well as casting a new light on the previously unrationalized coexistence of these aspects of systemic inflammatory diseases, this concept is consistent with the case for a primary role for inflammatory cytokines in their pathogenesis across this range of diseases

Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Family Member RelB Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Tat-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Production

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is likely neuroinflammatory in origin, believed to be triggered by inflammatory and oxidative stress responses to cytokines and HIV protein gene products such as the HIV transactivator of transcription (Tat). Here we demonstrate increased messenger RNA for nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) family member, transcription factor RelB, in the brain of doxycycline-induced Tat transgenic mice, and increased RelB synthesis in Tat-exposed microglial cells. Since genetic ablation of RelB in mice leads to multi-organ inflammation, we hypothesized that Tat-induced, newly synthesized RelB inhibits cytokine production by microglial cells, possibly through the formation of transcriptionally inactive RelB/RelA complexes. Indeed, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) production in monocytes isolated from RelB deficient mice was significantly higher than in monocytes isolated from RelB expressing controls. Moreover, RelB overexpression in microglial cells inhibited Tat-induced TNFα synthesis in a manner that involved transcriptional repression of the TNFα promoter, and increased phosphorylation of RelA at serine 276, a prerequisite for increased RelB/RelA protein interactions. The Rel-homology-domain within RelB was necessary for this interaction. Overexpression of RelA itself, in turn, significantly increased TNFα promoter activity, an effect that was completely blocked by RelB overexpression. We conclude that RelB regulates TNFα cytokine synthesis by competitive interference binding with RelA, which leads to downregulation of TNFα production. Moreover, because Tat activates both RelB and TNFα in microglia, and because Tat induces inflammatory TNFα synthesis via NF-κB, we posit that RelB serves as a cryoprotective, anti-inflammatory, counter-regulatory mechanism for pathogenic NF-κB activation. These findings identify a novel regulatory pathway for controlling HIV-induced microglial activation and cytokine production that may have important therapeutic implications for the management of HAND