Performance Analysis of 3-Level 5-Phase Multilevel Inverter Topologies

Now a day’s many industrial applications requires high power. Some other appliances may require intermediate power either more or less depending upon their operation. With these consequences, MULTI LEVEL INVERTERS are introduced in 1975.for above intermediate voltage applications. The name MULTI LEVEL began with the three-level converter.By enormous advancement in power semiconductor switches, in electric drives increasing the phase number greater than the conventional three phase especially in locomotives, naval, aerospace, and electrical vehicles industry has many advantages than three phase. In this view, here five phase VSI has developed. This paper aims at comparing the performance of conventional two level inverter Diode clamped and Capacitor clamped topologies of 5-phase multilevel inverter (3-level) using sinusoidal pulse width modulation. SPWM is highly economical, has more efficiency, controllability. These circuits are analyzed by using simulation software package such as MATLAB

Modelling of Multiple Transverse Cracks In Angle - Ply Laminates

Multiple transverse cracking is one of the most common fai'ure modes in composite laminates. In this paper, transverse crack behaviour in 1±0/90°], angle-ply composite laminates under uniaxial loading has been studied by 3D finite element method. Energy method is used for calculating strain energy release rate and stiffness reduction as the crack extends in the width direction. A control volume having a single transverse crack has been used for the analysis. Eight noded isonarametric layered composite elements with three degrees of freedom per node have been used to discretise the control volume. Load is applied in longitudinal direction via uniform applied displacements through the ±0 outer layers. Strain energy release rate and stiffness reduction are calculated for different crack lengths, crack densities and fibre orientation angle 0 of the outer layers. From the analysis it has been observed that strain energy release rate increases with the increase in fibre orientation angle 0 of the outer layers. However, the variation of strain energy release rate in width direction is negligible. Stiffness reduction has been noticed with increase in fibre orientation angle 0 and crack density

Reflection confocal nanoscopy using a super-oscillatory lens

A Superoscillatory lens (SOL) is known to produce a sub-diffraction hotspot which is useful for high-resolution imaging. However, high-energy rings called sidelobes coexist with the central hotspot. Additionally, SOLs have not yet been directly used to image reflective objects due to low efficiency and poor imaging properties. We propose a novel reflection confocal nanoscope which mitigates these issues by relaying the SOL intensity pattern onto the object and use conventional optics for detection. We experimentally demonstrate super-resolution by imaging double bars with 330 nm separation using a 632.8 nm excitation and a 0.95 NA objective. We also discuss the enhanced contrast properties of the SOL nanoscope against a laser confocal microscope, and the degradation of performance while imaging large objects.Comment: 17 pages, 15 figures, supplementary include

Stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for determination of Eprosartan in pure and pharmaceutical formulation

A simple, sensitive and specific RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of Eprosartan in pure and tablet forms. The method showed a linear response for concentrations in the range of 20-120 ?g/mL using Methanol: Acetonitrile: Buffer solution (Dissolve 0.02 M potassium di-hydrogen orthophosphate in water. Adjust pH of solution to 6.85 with orthophosphoric acid) in the ratio (45:35:20) as the mobile phase with detection at 232 nm using photodiode array (PDA) detector and a flow rate of 1 mL/min and retention time 7.1 min. The value of correlation coefficient, slope and intercept were, 0.9998, 1661.8 and 114.82, respectively. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines for precision, recovery, ruggedness and robustness. The specificity of the method was investigated under different stress conditions including acidic, basic, photochemical and thermal as recommended by ICH guidelines. The drug undergoes degradation under acidic, basic, photochemical and thermal degradation conditions. All the peaks of degraded product were resolved from the active pharmaceutical ingredient with significantly different retention time. As the method could effectively separate the drug from its degradation product, it can be employed as a stability-indicating one

Hardware Circuit Implementation of Automatic Control of Static Var Compensator (SVC) using Micro Controller

The design, Fabrication of 1Kvar 1-phase fixed capacitor-thyristor controlled reactor (FC-TCR) type SVC based on microcontroller have been developed in the laboratory for SMSL(Single Machine Single Load) Test System. The test system is setup in the laboratory with a 3-phase Synchronous Machine of 5kva capacity and a 1-phase Induction Motor of 1HP Rating. Brake test have been performed on the Induction Motor by taking the supply from one of the phases of Synchronous Generator. The bus voltage is fall down from 230 V to 195 V on Full Load. Automatic control circuit Hardware of this SVC have been designed and fabricated based on Microcontroller LPC 2148 chip, the most modern industrial controller. The same test system also has been tested with SVC automatic control circuit and experimental results have been presented in this paper. The P-V Curves of the SMSL Test system with and without SVC Control have been plotted which shows the effectiveness of Automatic control of SVC on Voltage Stability enhancement

Optimised control using proportional-integral-derivative controller tuned using internal model control

Time delays are generally unavoidable in the designing frameworks for mechanical and electrical systems and so on.. In both continuous and discrete schemes, the existence of delay creates undesirable impacts on the under-thought which forces exacting constraints on attainable execution.The presence of delay confounds the design structure procedure also. It makes continuous systems boundless dimensional and also extends the readings in discrete systems fundamentally. As the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller based on internal model control is essential and strong to address the vulnerabilities and aggravations of the model. But for an real industry process, they are less susceptible to noise than the PID controller.It results in just one tuning parameter which is the time constant of the closed-loop system λ, the internal model control filter factor.It additionally gives a decent answer for the procedure with huge time delays. The design of the PID controller based on the internal model control, with approximation of time delay using Pade’ and Taylor’s series is depicted in this paper. The first order filter used in the design provides good set-point tracking along with disturbance rejection

Ameloblastic Fibroma Associated With Impacted 3rd Molar: A Case Report

Ameloblastic fibroma is an uncommon mixed neoplasm of odontogenic origin with a relative frequency between 1.5 – 4.5%. It can occur either in the mandible or maxilla, but predominantly seen in the posterior region of the mandible. It occurs in the first two decades of life. Most of the times it is associated with tooth enclosure, causing a delay in eruption or altering the dental eruption sequence. The common clinical manifestation is a slow growing painless swelling and is detected during routine radiographic examination. There is controversy in the mode of treatment, whether conservative or aggressive. Here we reported a 38 year old male patient referred for evaluation of painless swelling on the right posterior region of the mandible associated with clinically missing 3rd molar. The lesion was completely enucleated under general anesthesia along with the extraction of impacted molar

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel 3-[1-(3-nitrophenyl)-ethyl]-1-(indole-1-yl) Substituted Aryl/alkyl-phosphinoyl/thiophosphinoyl/ selenophosphinoyl-1H-indole Derivatives

Syntheses of novel 3-[1-(3-nitrophenyl)-ethyl]-1-(indole-1-yl) substituted aryl/alkyl phosphinoyl/thiophosphinoyl/selenophosphinoyl-1H-indole derivatives were accomplished in two steps. The synthetic route involves the cyclisation of equimolar quantities of 3-[1H-3-indolyl(3-nitrophenyl)methyl]-1H-indole with dichlorophenyl phosphine/ethyldichlorophosphite in the presence of triethylamine in dry acetonitrile at room temperature. These compounds were further converted to the corresponding oxides, sulphides and selenides by reacting them with hydrogen peroxide, sulphur and selenium, respectively. The structures of the novel products were established by elemental analyses, IR, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR and mass spectroscopy. They were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus/Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pellicularia solmanicolor/Macrophomina phaseolina, respectively.Keywords: Bisindolylalkanes, alkyl/aryl phosphorodichloridates, antimicrobial activit

End-to-end security in embedded system for modern mobile communication technologies

Modern mobile electronic devices such as smartphones or cell phones can now be used for distant devices such as technical systems to monitor and control. While surveillance systems do not require high standards navigating about the time of transfer of the displayed data. More real-time data are needed for a remote mobile robot transfer. Therefore, it has investigated and measured not only the possibilities of employing mobile devices. But also, the supported data transmission channels, such as UMTS, GSM, Wireless LAN, and Bluetooth. The remotecontrol system is used in many applications such as smart homes, cities, smart hospitals, etc., but it must be today updated to ensure fast-changing technology. Extensive coverage, remote control, and reliable operation in realtime in the deployment of wireless security knowledge. The home automation control system delivers significant features together with a user-friendly interface. A secure remote-based end-to-end security system NTMobile, a technique that enables NAT to provide transverse and encrypted communication from end to end. This confirmed that evaluating the performance of the system in the ECHONET lite compatible smartphone ecosystem. This gives flexibility in configuring time-sensitive industrial networks and enables them to be secured. A safe and reliable remote-control system is also conceivable under the privacy of the user

Osteotomies in the Cervical Spine

Rigid cervical deformities are difficult problems to treat. The goals of surgical treatment include deformity correction, achieving a rigid fusion, and performing a thorough neural decompression. In stiff and ankylosed cervical spines, osteotomies are required to restore sagittal and coronal balance. In this chapter, we describe the clinical and radiographic workup for patients with cervical deformities, and delineate the various factors that must be considered when planning surgical treatment. We also describe in detail the various types of cervical osteotomies, along with their surgical technique, advantages, and potential complications