Принципи екологічної деонтології як засобу формування екологічного імперативу поведінки

Матеріал присвячений обґрунтуванню нової наукової дисципліни, яку автор назвав "екологічна деонтологія". Стаття містить погляди автора на принципи екологічної деонтології, окреслює її світоглядно-методологічний потенціал. Екологічна деонтологія розглядається як один із засобів вирішення актуальних глобальних проблем людства.Material is devoted the ground of new scientific discipline which an author named "ecological deontology". The article contains the looks of author to principles of ecological deontology, outlines it view-methodological potential. Ecological deontology is examined as a mean of decision of global issues of the day of humanity

Plantar intrinsic foot muscle activation during functional exercises compared to isolated foot exercises in younger adults

BackgroundTraining the plantar intrinsic foot muscles (PIFMs) has the potential to benefit patients with lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions as well as the aged population. Isolated foot exercises, often standard in clinical practice, are difficult to perform, whereas functional exercises are much easier to accomplish. However, it is unclear whether functional exercises are comparable to isolated foot exercises in activating the PIFMs.ObjectiveThis study aims to compare the activation of PIFMs between functional exercises versus isolated foot exercises.MethodsUsing surface electromyography (EMG), muscle activation of three PIFMs was measured in four functional exercises (i.e. normal/unstable toe stance, toe walking, and hopping) versus a muscle-specific isolated foot exercise in 29 younger adults, resulting in 12 comparisons.ResultsFunctional exercises showed larger mean EMG amplitudes than the isolated foot exercises in 25% of the 12 comparisons, while there was no difference in the remaining 75%.ConclusionFunctional exercises provoked comparable or even more activation of the PIFMs than isolated foot exercises. Given that functional exercises are easier to perform, this finding indicates the need to further investigate the effectiveness of functional exercises in physical therapy to improve muscle function and functional task performance in populations that suffer from PIFM weakness or dysfunction

GAIT AND POSTURE IN ARTHRITIC AND HEALTHY KNEES

INTRODUCTION: The gait characteristics of patients with OA of the knee have been wellstudied and reported; however, less attention has been paid to the postural differences between OA affected and healthy knees. The aim of this study was to investigate the postural differences that may affect the gait in an OA group compared to the controls

GAIT AND POSTURE IN ARTHRITIC AND HEALTHY KNEES

INTRODUCTION: The gait characteristics of patients with OA of the knee have been wellstudied and reported; however, less attention has been paid to the postural differences between OA affected and healthy knees. The aim of this study was to investigate the postural differences that may affect the gait in an OA group compared to the controls

THE EFFECT OF PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE TRAINING ON BIOMECHANICS OF ARTHRITIC GAIT: A SINGLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL

INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis (OA) is prevalent in elderly and is associated with muscle weakness. OA progression is related to biomechanical characteristics of gait such as knee adduction moment (KAM). Progressive resistance training (PRT) improves muscle strength in this population, but PRT effects on biomechanics of gait related to OA progression are unknown. We hypothesized that PRT would reduce KAM, mediated by improvements in the strength of all lower limb muscle groups

THE EFFECT OF PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE TRAINING ON BIOMECHANICS OF ARTHRITIC GAIT: A SINGLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL

INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis (OA) is prevalent in elderly and is associated with muscle weakness. OA progression is related to biomechanical characteristics of gait such as knee adduction moment (KAM). Progressive resistance training (PRT) improves muscle strength in this population, but PRT effects on biomechanics of gait related to OA progression are unknown. We hypothesized that PRT would reduce KAM, mediated by improvements in the strength of all lower limb muscle groups

Description of changes in self-reported comfort and injuries in runners transitioning to new shoes

Over the past five decades, running has become increasingly popular across the world. Although running is accessible to many people and is associated with numerous health benefits, it also carries a risk of sustaining a running related injury (RRI) (Malisoux et al., Citation2020). Of these RRIs, understanding the biomechanical changes and issues runners’ face when transitioning to a new pair of shoes is of special interest and not well understood

Investigation of the biomechanical effect of variable stiffness shoe on external knee adduction moment in various dynamic exercises

10.1186/1757-1146-6-39Journal of Foot and Ankle Research61

Post-traumatic glenohumeral cartilage lesions: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Any cartilage damage to the glenohumeral joint should be avoided, as these damages may result in osteoarthritis of the shoulder. To understand the pathomechanism leading to shoulder cartilage damage, we conducted a systematic review on the subject of articular cartilage lesions caused by traumas where non impression fracture of the subchondral bone is present. METHODS: PubMed (MEDLINE), ScienceDirect (EMBASE, BIOBASE, BIOSIS Previews) and the COCHRANE database of systematic reviews were systematically scanned using a defined search strategy to identify relevant articles in this field of research. First selection was done based on abstracts according to specific criteria, where the methodological quality in selected full text articles was assessed by two reviewers. Agreement between raters was investigated using percentage agreement and Cohen's Kappa statistic. The traumatic events were divided into two categories: 1) acute trauma which refers to any single impact situation which directly damages the articular cartilage, and 2) chronic trauma which means cartilage lesions due to overuse or disuse of the shoulder joint. RESULTS: The agreement on data quality between the two reviewers was 93% with a Kappa value of 0.79 indicating an agreement considered to be 'substantial'. It was found that acute trauma on the shoulder causes humeral articular cartilage to disrupt from the underlying bone. The pathomechanism is said to be due to compression or shearing, which can be caused by a sudden subluxation or dislocation. However, such impact lesions are rarely reported. In the case of chronic trauma glenohumeral cartilage degeneration is a result of overuse and is associated to other shoulder joint pathologies. In these latter cases it is the rotator cuff which is injured first. This can result in instability and consequent impingement which may progress to glenohumeral cartilage damage. CONCLUSION: The great majority of glenohumeral cartilage lesions without any bony lesions are the results of overuse. Glenohumeral cartilage lesions with an intact subchondral bone and caused by an acute trauma are either rare or overlooked. And at increased risk for such cartilage lesions are active sportsmen with high shoulder demand or athletes prone to shoulder injury

Determining the optimal gait modification strategy for patients with knee osteoarthritis: Trunk lean or medial thrust?

BACKGROUND: The gait modification strategies Trunk Lean and Medial Thrust have been shown to reduce the external knee adduction moment (EKAM) in patients with knee osteoarthritis which could contribute to reduced progression of the disease. Which strategy is most optimal differs between individuals, but the underlying mechanism that causes this remains unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION: Which gait parameters determine the optimal gait modification strategy for individual patients with knee osteoarthritis? METHODS: Forty-seven participants with symptomatic medial knee osteoarthritis underwent 3-dimensional motion analysis during comfortable gait and with two gait modification strategies: Medial Thrust and Trunk Lean. Kinematic and kinetic variables were calculated. Participants were then categorized into one of the two subgroups, based on the modification strategy that reduced the EKAM the most for them. Multiple logistic regression analysis with backward elimination was used to investigate the predictive nature of dynamic parameters obtained during comfortable walking on the optimal modification gait strategy. RESULTS: For 68.1 % of the participants, Trunk Lean was the optimal strategy in reducing the EKAM. Baseline characteristics, kinematics and kinetics did not differ significantly between subgroups during comfortable walking. Changes to frontal trunk and tibia angles correlated significantly with EKAM reduction during the Trunk Lean and Medial Thrust strategies, respectively. Regression analysis showed that MT is likely optimal when the frontal tibia angle range of motion and peak knee flexion angle in early stance during comfortable walking are high (R2Nagelkerke = 0.12). SIGNIFICANCE: Our regression model based solely on kinematic parameters from comfortable walking contained characteristics of the frontal tibia angle and knee flexion angle. As the model explains only 12.3 % of variance, clinical application does not seem feasible. Direct assessment of kinetics seems to be the most optimal strategy for selecting the most optimal gait modification strategy for individual patients with knee osteoarthritis