Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Some 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-one Derivatives

4-Amino-5-(methyl/ethyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one were synthesized from the reaction of (methyl/ethyl)-ester ethoxycarbonyl hydrazone with hydrazine hydrate and then, converted to corresponding Schiff bases using 9H-fluorene- 3-carbaldehyde. Ester, hydrazide and oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized starting from Schiff bases in three steps. All reactions occurred under conventional conditions and microwave irradiation. The obtained results were compared.KEYWORDS Triazole, oxadiazole, hydrazine hydrate, microwave irradiation

Rijit poliüretan köpük malzemelere kabaran alev geciktirici ilavesinin yanma direnci ve zararlı emisyon oluşumuna etkilerinin incelenmesi

In this study, an intumescent flame retardant composed of ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythritol (2/1) was incorporated in rigid polyurethane foams in 5, 10 and 15 wt %. Effects of the intumescent flame retardant additions on the flame resistance and harmful emissions of the foams were investigated by using cone calorimeter tests. It was determined that the flame resistance of the foam was significantly increased with the addition of the intumescent flame retardant Furthermore, smoke, carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide emissions causing suffocation and poisoning were decreased in different ratios with the addition of the intumescent flame retardant. The addition of 15 wt % the intumescent flame retardant into rigid pofrurethane foam resulted in approximately 40 % decrease in the total heat released value and reduced the nitrogen monoxide emission to less than 9 ppm. In this content it was concluded that the intumescent flame retardant synthesized in this study can be preferred as an effective flame retardant material for rigid polyurethane foams due to ensuring better enhancement of flame resistance and harmful emissions

Alkali Treatment to Maximize Adhesion of Polypyrrole Coatings for Electro-Conductive Textile Materials

In this paper polyester fabrics were pretreated with alkaline solution to improve the ability for the fabric surface to bond with polypyrrole (PPy) coating layer. In situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole monomer was performed on alkali treated polyester fabrics. Then the fabrics were characterized by FTIR and XRD analysis. The tensile properties of the yarns in both warp and weft directions were measured after alkali treatment and PPy coating processes. The abrasion resistance test was performed on PPy coated fabrics with and without alkali treatment. The surface electrical resistivity of PPy coated fabrics were searched. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) properties of fabrics in terms of reflection, absorption and transmission behaviors were also investigated. A significant EMSE value increase (about 27%) was obtained with alkali treatment

Studies on Parameters Influencing the Performance of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in Detecting Prunus Necrotic Ringpot Virus (PNRSV)

In order to have a more detailed understanding of the various factors influencing a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a number of important parameters such as Mg+2, primer, enzyme concentration and others were optimized for the detection of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV). Using a PNRSV isolate with a pair of primers, complementary DNA of viral genome as template, and an appropriate enzyme together with magnesium chloride, the following optimal conditions were identified: primer concentration between 0.2 and 0.0002 pmol µl-1 and 0.06–2 units µl-1 for Taq DNA polymerase enzyme for a 50 µl reaction volume when other parameters were optimum; magnesium chloride concentration less than 2.5 mM; dNTP concentration between 1 and 10 mM. The optimum cDNA amount should be ~360 ng for a 50 µl reaction mixture. When these optimized concentrations and/or values of the main PCR parameters were brought together for a new RT-PCR, a clear and a reliable PNRSV detection having no background was performed from both growth-chamber and field-grown PNRSV-infected plants

Characterization of a ballistic supermirror neutron guide

We describe the beam characteristics of the first ballistic supermirror neutron guide H113 that feeds the neutron user facility for particle physics PF1B of the Institute Laue-Langevin, Grenoble (ILL). At present, the neutron capture flux density of H113 at its 20x6cm2 exit window is 1.35x10^10/cm^2/s, and will soon be raised to above 2x10^10/cm^2/s. Beam divergence is no larger than beam divergence from a conventional Ni coated guide. A model is developed that permits rapid calculation of beam profiles and absolute event rates from such a beam. We propose a procedure that permits inter-comparability of the main features of beams emitted from ballistic or conventional neutron guides.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, to be submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods

Size-controlled conformal nanofabrication of biotemplated three-dimensional TiO2 and ZnO nanonetworks

Cataloged from PDF version of article.A solvent-free fabrication of TiO2 and ZnO nanonetworks is demonstrated by using supramolecular nanotemplates with high coating conformity, uniformity, and atomic scale size control. Deposition of TiO2 and ZnO on three-dimensional nanofibrous network template is accomplished. Ultrafine control over nanotube diameter allows robust and systematic evaluation of the electrochemical properties of TiO2 and ZnO nanonetworks in terms of size-function relationship. We observe hypsochromic shift in UV absorbance maxima correlated with decrease in wall thickness of the nanotubes. Photocatalytic activities of anatase TiO2 and hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanonetworks are found to be dependent on both the wall thickness and total surface area per unit of mass. Wall thickness has effect on photoexcitation properties of both TiO2 and ZnO due to band gap energies and total surface area per unit of mass. The present work is a successful example that concentrates on nanofabrication of intact three-dimensional semiconductor nanonetworks with controlled band gap energies

The challenge to verify ceramide's role of apoptosis induction in human cardiomyocytes - a pilot study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cardioplegia and reperfusion of the myocardium may be associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis and subsequent myocardial injury. In order to establish a pharmacological strategy for the prevention of these events, this study aimed to verify the reliability of our human cardiac model and to evaluate the pro-apoptotic properties of the sphingolipid second messenger ceramide and the anti-apoptotic properties of the acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitryptiline during simulated cardioplegia and reperfusion ex vivo.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cardiac biopsies were retrieved from the right auricle of patients undergoing elective CABG before induction of cardiopulmonary bypass. Biopsies were exposed to <it>ex vivo </it>conditions of varying periods of cp/rep (30/10, 60/20, 120/40 min). Groups: I (untreated control, n = 10), II (treated control cp/rep, n = 10), III (cp/rep + ceramide, n = 10), IV (cp/rep + amitryptiline, n = 10) and V (cp/rep + ceramide + amitryptiline, n = 10). For detection of apoptosis anti-activated-caspase-3 and PARP-1 cleavage immunostaining were employed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In group I the percentage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes was significantly (p < 0.05) low if compared to group II revealing a time-dependent increase. In group III ceramid increased and in group IV amitryptiline inhibited apoptosis significantly (p < 0.05). In contrast in group V, under the influence of ceramide and amitryptiline the induction of apoptosis was partially suppressed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Ceramid induces and amitryptiline suppresses apoptosis significantly in our ex vivo setting. This finding warrants further studies aiming to evaluate potential beneficial effects of selective inhibition of apoptosis inducing mediators on the suppression of ischemia/reperfusion injury in clinical settings.</p

From 2-methylimidazole to 1,2,3-triazole: a topological transformation of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 by post-synthetic modification

Bridging ligand replacement in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, ZIF-8 and ZIF-67, by 1,2,3-triazole was investigated. A complete substitution of 2-methylimidazole by 1,2,3-triazole resulted in a topological transformation of the parent framework from a sodalite (SOD) network to a diamond (DIA) network