Active Flow Control of Lifting Surface With Flap-Current Activities and Future Directions

The main objective is to develop effective control strategies for separation control of an airfoil with a single hinge flap. The specific objectives are: Develop an active control architecture for flow control around an airfoil with flap. Design, fabricate, a wind tunnel test of a high lift wing (with flap) with integrated actuators and sensors. Design, development and fabrication of synthetic jet actuators. Develop appropriate control strategy for application to the airfoil. Wind tunnel testing of the high lift wing at various angles of attack and flap positions with closed loop control

Epistatic interaction between adiponectin and survivin gene polymorphisms in endometrial carcinoma

Adiponectin appears to play an important role in the development and progression of several obesity-related malignancies. Also, overexpression of survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein, is associated with increased risk of cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between two polymorphisms in the adiponectin gene and endometrial cancer (EC) risk. We also investigated whether epistasis between surviving and adiponectin gene polymorphisms are associated with EC risk in an Iranian population.The samples comprised formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections obtained from the archive of the pathology department, Imam-Khomeini Hospital and Firouzgar hospital. After DNA extraction the genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP technique.Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in adiponectin (rs1063539, rs2241766) and survivin (rs9904341) gene were evaluated in the study. The increased frequency of ADIPOQ rs1063539C allele (CC. +. CG genotype) was associated with decreased EC risk OR: 0.39(0.17-0.90). Survivin rs9904341C allele (CC. +. CG genotype) was associated with increased EC risk crude OR: 2.75(1.27-5.95), adjusted OR: 2.93(1.27-6.76). We observed an epistatic interaction between survivin rs9904341 CC. +. CG genotype and ADIPOQ rs1063539 GG genotype increasing the risk of EC compared to those with other genotypes OR: 4.86(1.88-12.54), P=0.001.Our findings indicate that adiponectin might have a modulatory effect on survivin role and function in EC, which requires further investigation. © 2014 Elsevier GmbH

iPSC-Based Modeling of RAG2 Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Reveals Multiple T Cell Developmental Arrests

RAG2 severe combined immune deficiency (RAG2-SCID) is a lethal disorder caused by the absence of functional T and B cells due to a differentiation block. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a RAG2-SCID patient to study the nature of the T cell developmental blockade. We observed a strongly reduced capacity to differentiate at every investigated stage of T cell development, from early CD7−CD5− to CD4+CD8+. The impaired differentiation was accompanied by an increase in CD7−CD56+CD33+ natural killer (NK) cell-like cells. T cell receptor D rearrangements were completely absent in RAG2SCID cells, whereas the rare T cell receptor B rearrangements were likely the result of illegitimate rearrangements. Repair of RAG2 restored the capacity to induce T cell receptor rearrangements, normalized T cell development, and corrected the NK cell-like phenotype. In conclusion, we succeeded in generating an iPSC-based RAG2-SCID model, which enabled the identification of previously unrecognized disorder-related T cell developmental roadblocks.In this article, Mikkers

Production Scheduling Requirements to Smart Manufacturing

The production scheduling has attracted a lot of researchers for many years, however most of the approaches are not targeted to deal with real manufacturing environments, and those that are, are very particular for the case study. It is crucial to consider important features related with the factories, such as products and machines characteristics and unexpected disturbances, but also information such as when the parts arrive to the factory and when should be delivered. So, the purpose of this paper is to identify some important characteristics that have been considered independently in a lot of studies and that should be considered together to develop a generic scheduling framework to be used in a real manufacturing environment.authorsversionpublishe

Assessing DMFT index in 12 years old students attending hearing impaired schools in Tehran

Background and Aim: Extensive studies on the epidemiology of teeth and oral diseases are an important part of health care programs specially for hearing impaired groups. For adequate programming in this field, proper situation analysis is mandatory. The aim of this study was to assess the DMFT (decayed missed filled teeth) of 12 years old students attending hearing impaired schools in Tehran and exploring the relation between sex, hygiene and hearing threshold with the index. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was based on examining 12 years old (± 6 month) students (117 cases) attending hearing impaired schools in Tehran. A questionnaire was filled for each case. T, Chi-square and Kruskall-Wallis tests were used to analyze the results with p<0.05 as the limit of significance. Results: The mean DMFT in these students was 3.07. Mean DMFT in students with very severe hearing loss was 2.99. Mean ranked DMFT in girls and boys was similar (56.09 in boys and 61.96 in girls). Mean ranked DMFT in students who didn’t use floss (66.40) was higher than those who used floss (46.71). Mean ranked DMFT in students who seldom brushed, was the highest (72.82) and in students who brushed once a day was the lowest (51.26). Conclusion: The DMFT index in hearing disabled children was 3.07. Regular brushing and flossing reduced the index

Dentinal dysplasia type I: two cases in one family

Dentinal dysplasia type 1 is a rare herediatary disease which is attributed to an automosal dominant trait. It's incidence is about 1: 100.000. Both dentition are affected with, although the involved teeth have a normal size, shape and consistency, and they are occasionally amber. The most common clinical feature, due to their extreme mobility, is malalignement and malpositioning of teeth. Such a mobility is resulted from abnormal development of root structure. In radiographs, the roots are sharp, biunt, and conic which can be absent in both dentition. Sometimes, multiple periapical radioiucences, without any carious lesion, are observed. There is no treatment for this anomaly and retaining teeth, as long as possible, is the main goal. In this article two cases dentinal dysplasia type 1 observed in one family, are reported

"Comparison of AgNORs count in exfoliative cytology of normal oral mucosa in smokers and non- smokers"

Background and Aim: A strong causal relationship exists between cigarette smoking and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma, so oral screening using exfoliative cytology has been recommended to facilitate the early diagnosis of cellular alterations in oral mucosa and silver staining (AgNOR technique) has been proven to be of value in the detection of incipient cellular alterations. The purpose of this study was to compare the argyrophilic nucleolar regions (AgNORs) count of cells collected from normal mucosa of cigarette smokers with that obtained from non- smokers. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, cytologic smears of normal tongue, buccal mucosa and floor of the mouth from 19 smokers and 19 non- smokers were stained for AgNORs. The AgNORs count was established on 100 cells. The count value of groups were compared and analyzed using the Levens, Paired T, Student and Factorial tests. Using P<0.05 as the limit of significance. Results: The AgNORs were round and had a clustered distribution in both groups. The mean AgNORs count was statistically higher in cells of smokers than non- smokers (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between smears from the floor of the mouth and other anatomical sites in both groups. In this study, no correlation was found between AgNORs count and gender. Conclusion: Analysis of AgNORs suggests that there might be a correlation between the smoking habit and an increased rate of cellular proliferation in the oral mucosal cells

Comparison of salivary calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase in children with severe, moderate caries and caries free in Tehran's kindergarthens

Background: The most common dental disease in childhood is dental caries. This study was carried out to recognize the components of saliva which are protective factors in children in order to evaluate and predict caries susceptible and caries resistant individuals. Methods: A total of 75 subjects of either sex aged 3-5 years old from kindergartens in Tehran were selected and divided into 3 groups (case group: dmft>6, control group 1: 1<6, control group 2: dmft<1). Unstimulated whole saliva was collected and assayed by biochemical methods to determine salivary calcium, inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase. Results: There was no significant changes in salivary calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase activity and their ratio with progress of disease (P>0.05). However, the results showed that salivary phosphate and alkaline phosphatase in caries free group and calcium in the group with severe caries was somewhat more than those in other groups. Conclusions: Despite the results of the present study, the relationship between salivary components and caries rate in children remainslcontroversial. So, more and wide studies are necessary to achieve some practical criteria for predicting dental caries, recognition of susceptible persons and finally prevention of caries in children