Respon Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum L. Var. Tuktuk) Asal Biji Terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Kalium Dan Jarak Tanam

The aim of the research was to evaluated the effect of potassium fertilizer (K) andthe planting distance on the growth and yield of onion (Allium ascalonicum L.)varieties Tuktuk. The research used Randomized Block Design with two-factors.The first factor was the doses of potasium fertilizer (KCl) with four levels e.g : K0= without KCl (control), K1=10 g KCl/m², K2= 20 g KCl/m² and K3 = 30 gKCl/m². The second factor was planting distance with three levels e.g : J1 = 10x10cm, J2 = 10 x 15 cm and J3 = 10 x 20 cm. The results showed that the diameterof tubers, wet weight of tubers per sample and dry weight of tubers per samplewere significantly affected by potasium fertilizers. The higest of diameter oftubers, wet weight of tubers per sample and dry weight of tubers per sample wereproduced by K2, whistling of each were 3,72 cm, 18,69 g and 5,61 g, but plantheight and leafs number were unsignificantly. Where as, plant height weresignifcantly affacted by planting distance were prouced by J2 e.g 16,01 cm, butleafs of number, diameter of tubers, wet weight of tubers per sample and dryweight of tubers per sample unsignificantly. Interaction of potasiumfertilizer and planting distance significantly affected the wet weight oftubers per plot and dry weight of tubers per plot. The higest of wetweight of tubers per plot and dry weight of tubers per plot wereproduce by K2J1 were 1,34 kg and 0,40 kg._________________________________________________________________

Capaian Standar Nasional Pendidikan Sebagai Prediktor Mutu Sekolah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang capaian Standar Nasional Pendidikan sebagai prediktor atau yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap mutu sekolah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif.Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari BAN-SM Tahun 2015. Dari data tersebut dipilih 506 sekolah sampel yaitu propinsi yang mendapat akreditasi A dan diurutkan mulai dari skor terendah sampai yang tertinggi untuk dibuat kuantil skor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, berdasarkan sekolah hasil akreditasi A dan dikelompokkan pada kuantil rata-rata capaian UN tidak menunjukkan perbedaan antarkuantil 3, 4 dan 5 secara signifikan. Kedua, pengaruh pemenuhan kedelapan Standar Nasional Pendidikan terhadap pencapaian mutu sekolah (Nilai UN) secara bersama-sama (simultan) signifikan secara statistik. Dari kedelapan SNP, yang memiliki pengaruh signfikan terhadap mutu sekolah adalah standar Isi, Kompetensi Lulusan, Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan, Sarana & Prasarana, serta Pengelolaan. Dengan demikian, hanya ada lima standar yang berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap pencapaian mutu sekolah. Sementara tiga standar lainnya yaitu standar proses, standar pembiayaan, dan standar penilaian berpengaruh positif tetapi tidak signifikan

Simulation of transport in laterally gated junctionless transistors fabricated by local anodization with an atomic force microscope

In this paper, we have investigated the characteristics and transport features of junctionless lateral gate transistors via measurement and simulations. The transistor is fabricated using an atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanolithography technique on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. This work develops our previous examination of the device operation by using 3D numerical simulations to offer a better understanding of the origin of the transistor operation. We compare the experimental measurements and simulation results in the transfer characteristic and drain conductance. We also explore the behavior of the device in on and off states based on the variation of majority and minority carriers' density, electric-field components, and recombination/generation rate of carriers in the active region of the device. We show that the device is a normally on device that can force the current through a depleted region (off state) and uses bulk conduction instead of surface conduction. We also found that due to the lateral gate design, low-doped channel, and lack of the gate oxide the electrostatic squeezing of the channel effectively forces the device into the off state, but the current improvement by accumulation of carriers is not significant

Modification of Flow Structure Over a Van Model by Suction Flow Control to Reduce Aerodynamics Drag

Automobile aerodynamic studies are typically undertaken to improve safety and increase fuel efficiency as well as to  find new innovation in automobile technology to deal with the problem of energy crisis and global warming. Some car companies have the objective to develop control solutions that enable to reduce the aerodynamic drag of vehicle and  significant modification progress is still possible by reducing the mass, rolling friction or aerodynamic drag. Some flow  control method provides the possibility to modify the flow separation to reduce the development of the swirling structures around the vehicle. In this study, a family van is modeled with a modified form of Ahmed\u27s body by changing the orientation of the flow from its original form (modified/reversed Ahmed body). This model is equipped with a suction on the rear side to comprehensively examine the pressure field modifications that occur. The investigation combines computational and experimental work. Computational approach used  a commercial software with standard k-epsilon flow turbulence model, and the objectives was  to determine the characteristics of the flow field and aerodynamic drag reduction that occurred in the test model. Experimental approach used load cell in order to validate the aerodynamic drag reduction obtained by computational approach. The results show that the application of a suction in the rear part of the van model give the effect of reducing the wake and the vortex formation. Futhermore, aerodynamic drag reduction close to 13.86% for the computational approach and 16.32% for the experimental have been obtained

A hyper-heuristic with two guidance indicators for bi-objective mixed-shift vehicle routing problem with time windows

In this paper, a Mixed-Shift Vehicle Routing Problem is proposed based on a real-life container transportation problem. In a long planning horizon of multiple shifts, transport tasks are completed satisfying the time constraints. Due to the different travel distances and time of tasks, there are two types of shifts (long shift and short shift) in this problem. The unit driver cost for long shifts is higher than that of short shifts. A mathematical model of this Mixed-Shift Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (MS-VRPTW) is established in this paper, with two objectives of minimizing the total driver payment and the total travel distance. Due to the large scale and nonlinear constraints, the exact search showed is not suitable to MS-VRPTW. An initial solution construction heuristic (EBIH) and a selective perturbation Hyper-Heuristic (GIHH) are thus developed. In GIHH, five heuristics with different extents of perturbation at the low level are adaptively selected by a high level selection scheme with the Hill Climbing acceptance criterion. Two guidance indicators are devised at the high level to adaptively adjust the selection of the low level heuristics for this bi-objective problem. The two indicators estimate the objective value improvement and the improvement direction over the Pareto Front, respectively. To evaluate the generality of the proposed algorithms, a set of benchmark instances with various features is extracted from real-life historical datasets. The experiment results show that GIHH significantly improves the quality of the final Pareto Solution Set, outperforming the state-of-the-art algorithms for similar problems. Its application on VRPTW also obtains promising results

Influence of mitochondrial genome rearrangement on cucumber leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism

The MSC16 cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) mitochondrial mutant was used to study the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbed subcellular redox state on leaf day/night carbon and nitrogen metabolism. We have shown that the mitochondrial dysfunction in MSC16 plants had no effect on photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, but the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and starch was higher in leaves of MSC16 plants. Impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain activity was associated with the perturbation of mitochondrial TCA cycle manifested, e.g., by lowered decarboxylation rate. Mitochondrial dysfunction in MSC16 plants had different influence on leaf cell metabolism under dark or light conditions. In the dark, when the main mitochondrial function is the energy production, the altered activity of TCA cycle in mutated plants was connected with the accumulation of pyruvate and TCA cycle intermediates (citrate and 2-OG). In the light, when TCA activity is needed for synthesis of carbon skeletons required as the acceptors for NH4+ assimilation, the concentration of pyruvate and TCA intermediates was tightly coupled with nitrate metabolism. Enhanced incorporation of ammonium group into amino acids structures in mutated plants has resulted in decreased concentration of organic acids and accumulation of Glu

Pendidikan Karakter Sebagai Upaya Menciptakan Akhlak Mulia

Pendidikan pada dasarnya adalah upaya meningkatkan kemampuan sumber daya manusia supaya dapat menjadi manusia yang memiliki karakter dan dapat hidup mandiri. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, yang menjadi permasalahan dalam kajian ini adalah apakah pendidikan karakter dapat mewujudkan akhlak mulia? Dari rumusan masalah tersebut, tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pendidikan karakter dapat mempengaruhi akhlak mulia. Membangun karakter dan watak bangsa melalui pendidikan mutlak diperlukan, bahkan tidak bisa ditunda. Pendidikan karakter dapat berjalan efektif dan berhasil apabila dilakukan secara integral dimulai dari lingkungan rumah tangga, sekolah dan masyarakat. Karakter yang harus ditanamkan kepada peserta didik di antaranya adalah; cinta kepada Allah dan alam semesta beserta isinya, tanggungjawab, disiplin dan mandiri, jujur, hormat dan santun, kasih sayang, peduli, dan kerja sama, percaya diri, kreatif, kerja keras dan pantang menyerah, keadilan dan kepemimpinan, baik dan rendah hati, dan toleransi, cinta damai dan persatuan. Sedangkan akhlak mulia adalah keseluruhan kebiasaan manusia yang berasal dalam diri yang di dorong keinginan secara sadar dan dicerminkan dalam perbuatan yang baik. Dengan demikian apabila karakter-karakter yang luhur tertanam dalam diri peserta didik maka akhlak mulia secara otomatis akan tercermin dalam perilaku peserta didik dalam kehidupan keseharian