Diversificación vitivinícola en el marco de Jerez: vinos de vendimia tardía

En este trabajo se presentaron los resultados obtenidos al elaborar Vinos Dulces Naturales, procedentes de vendimia tard&iacute;a, en la cosecha de 2005, con las variedades Moscatel de Alejandr&iacute;a, Palomino fino y Palomino de Jerez, cultivadas en una parcela ubicada en el CIFA Rancho de la Merced, en el pago Macharnudo de Jerez de la Frontera y proceden de selecci&oacute;n clonal. &nbsp; Los vinos se analizaron y cataron destacando el de Moscatel por sus aromas caracter&iacute;sticos, intensos y delicados. Los vinos de las tres variedades siendo dulces no fueron empalagosos, presentando un final de boca persistente y muy agradable.</p

Jupiter as an exoplanet: UV to NIR transmission spectrum reveals hazes, a Na layer and possibly stratospheric H2O-ice clouds

Currently, the analysis of transmission spectra is the most successful technique to probe the chemical composition of exoplanet atmospheres. But the accuracy of these measurements is constrained by observational limitations and the diversity of possible atmospheric compositions. Here we show the UV-VIS-IR transmission spectrum of Jupiter, as if it were a transiting exoplanet, obtained by observing one of its satellites, Ganymede, while passing through Jupiter's shadow i.e., during a solar eclipse from Ganymede. The spectrum shows strong extinction due to the presence of clouds (aerosols) and haze in the atmosphere, and strong absorption features from CH4. More interestingly, the comparison with radiative transfer models reveals a spectral signature, which we attribute here to a Jupiter stratospheric layer of crystalline H2O ice. The atomic transitions of Na are also present. These results are relevant for the modeling and interpretation of giant transiting exoplanets. They also open a new technique to explore the atmospheric composition of the upper layers of Jupiter's atmosphere.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

Factores jurídicos para considerar la imprescriptibilidad de la responsabilidad civil extracontractual derivado del daño ambiental, en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano

La Tesis que hemos denominado “Factores jurídicos para considerar la imprescriptibilidad de la Responsabilidad Civil Extracontractual derivado del daño ambiental, en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano”, se orienta a determinar las consideraciones jurídicas que hacen conveniente la aplicación de la figura de la imprescriptibilidad de la Responsabilidad Civil Extracontractual en cuestiones ambientales en nuestra normatividad nacional. Cuando hablamos de daño ambiental nos estamos refiriendo a todo menoscabo material que sufre el ambiente o algunos de sus componentes, que puede ser causado contraviniendo disposición jurídica y que genera efectos negativos actuales y potenciales. En muchas ocasiones son las actividades económicas en su mayoría las que dañan el medio ambiente surgiendo el instituto de la responsabilidad civil como una herramienta para reparar el daño causado; siendo su principal objetivo el de responsabilizar al contaminador, y en consecuencia solo si éste se ve obligado a sufragar los costos relacionados con el daño ambiental reducirá los niveles de contaminación; cumpliendo de esta manera una doble función, por un lado de reparar y por otro la de prevenir daños ambientales. En este sentido, la formulación de nuestro Problema fue el siguiente: ¿CUÁLES SON LOS FUNDAMENTOS JURÍDICOS QUE SUSTENTAN LA APLICACIÓN DE LA IMPRESCRIPTIBILIDAD DE LA RESPONSABILIDAD CIVIL EXTRACONTRACTUAL DERIVADO DEL DAÑO AMBIENTAL, EN EL ORDENAMIENTO JURÍDICO PERUANO?, frente a lo cual nos planteamos los siguientes objetivos principales: Determinar las consideraciones jurídicas que hacen conveniente la aplicación de la imprescriptibilidad de la Responsabilidad Civil Extracontractual; y conocer doctrinariamente los fines y funciones de la Responsabilidad Civil e identificar los factores de atribución que acoge la normatividad peruana y la doctrina más calificada.The thesis we have called ""Legal Factors to consider the applicability of the Tort Liability arising from environmental damage, in the Peruvian legal system"" aims to determine the legal considerations that make it appropriate to apply the figure of the applicability of Liability tort on environmental issues in our national regulations. When we talk about environmental damage we are referring to all material impairment suffered by the environment or some of its components, which can be caused contrary legal provision and generating current and potential negative effects. In many cases economic activities are mostly those that harm the environment emerging school of civil liability as a tool to repair the damage; Its main objective is to hold the polluter, and therefore only if it is forced to meet the costs associated with environmental damage reduce pollution levels; thus fulfilling a double function, on the one hand and on the other of the repair to prevent environmental damage. In this sense, the formulation of our problem was: WHAT ARE THE LEGAL BASIS BEHIND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF imprescriptible TORT LIABILITY ARISING FROM ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE IN THE PERUVIAN LEGAL SYSTEM ?, against which we set the following main objectives: To determine the legal considerations that make it appropriate to apply the applicability of torts; and doctrinally know the purposes and functions of the Civil Liability and identify factors attribution hosting the Peruvian legislation and the most qualified doctrine. Regarding the statement of the assumptions we have: ""The legal rationale underpinning the implementation of the applicability of the Tort Liability arising from environmental damage are: the production of a collective damage, full identification of the deceased and their durability over time as affectation environment.Tesi

Factores jurídicos para considerar la imprescriptibilidad de la responsabilidad civil extracontractual derivado del daño ambiental, en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano

La Tesis que hemos denominado “Factores jurídicos para considerar la imprescriptibilidad de la Responsabilidad Civil Extracontractual derivado del daño ambiental, en el ordenamiento jurídico peruano”, se orienta a determinar las consideraciones jurídicas que hacen conveniente la aplicación de la figura de la imprescriptibilidad de la Responsabilidad Civil Extracontractual en cuestiones ambientales en nuestra normatividad nacional. Cuando hablamos de daño ambiental nos estamos refiriendo a todo menoscabo material que sufre el ambiente o algunos de sus componentes, que puede ser causado contraviniendo disposición jurídica y que genera efectos negativos actuales y potenciales. En muchas ocasiones son las actividades económicas en su mayoría las que dañan el medio ambiente surgiendo el instituto de la responsabilidad civil como una herramienta para reparar el daño causado; siendo su principal objetivo el de responsabilizar al contaminador, y en consecuencia solo si éste se ve obligado a sufragar los costos relacionados con el daño ambiental reducirá los niveles de contaminación; cumpliendo de esta manera una doble función, por un lado de reparar y por otro la de prevenir daños ambientales. En este sentido, la formulación de nuestro Problema fue el siguiente: ¿CUÁLES SON LOS FUNDAMENTOS JURÍDICOS QUE SUSTENTAN LA APLICACIÓN DE LA IMPRESCRIPTIBILIDAD DE LA RESPONSABILIDAD CIVIL EXTRACONTRACTUAL DERIVADO DEL DAÑO AMBIENTAL, EN EL ORDENAMIENTO JURÍDICO PERUANO?, frente a lo cual nos planteamos los siguientes objetivos principales: Determinar las consideraciones jurídicas que hacen conveniente la aplicación de la imprescriptibilidad de la Responsabilidad Civil Extracontractual; y conocer doctrinariamente los fines y funciones de la Responsabilidad Civil e identificar los factores de atribución que acoge la normatividad peruana y la doctrina más calificada.The thesis we have called ""Legal Factors to consider the applicability of the Tort Liability arising from environmental damage, in the Peruvian legal system"" aims to determine the legal considerations that make it appropriate to apply the figure of the applicability of Liability tort on environmental issues in our national regulations. When we talk about environmental damage we are referring to all material impairment suffered by the environment or some of its components, which can be caused contrary legal provision and generating current and potential negative effects. In many cases economic activities are mostly those that harm the environment emerging school of civil liability as a tool to repair the damage; Its main objective is to hold the polluter, and therefore only if it is forced to meet the costs associated with environmental damage reduce pollution levels; thus fulfilling a double function, on the one hand and on the other of the repair to prevent environmental damage. In this sense, the formulation of our problem was: WHAT ARE THE LEGAL BASIS BEHIND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF imprescriptible TORT LIABILITY ARISING FROM ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE IN THE PERUVIAN LEGAL SYSTEM ?, against which we set the following main objectives: To determine the legal considerations that make it appropriate to apply the applicability of torts; and doctrinally know the purposes and functions of the Civil Liability and identify factors attribution hosting the Peruvian legislation and the most qualified doctrine. Regarding the statement of the assumptions we have: ""The legal rationale underpinning the implementation of the applicability of the Tort Liability arising from environmental damage are: the production of a collective damage, full identification of the deceased and their durability over time as affectation environment.Tesi

Structure and dynamics of colloidal depletion gels: coincidence of transitions and heterogeneity

Transitions in structural heterogeneity of colloidal depletion gels formed through short-range attractive interactions are correlated with their dynamical arrest. The system is a density and refractive index matched suspension of 0.20 volume fraction poly(methyl methacyrlate) colloids with the non-adsorbing depletant polystyrene added at a size ratio of depletant to colloid of 0.043. As the strength of the short-range attractive interaction is increased, clusters become increasingly structurally heterogeneous, as characterized by number-density fluctuations, and dynamically immobilized, as characterized by the single-particle mean-squared displacement. The number of free colloids in the suspension also progressively declines. As an immobile cluster to gel transition is traversed, structural heterogeneity abruptly decreases. Simultaneously, the mean single-particle dynamics saturates at a localization length on the order of the short-range attractive potential range. Both immobile cluster and gel regimes show dynamical heterogeneity. Non-Gaussian distributions of single particle displacements reveal enhanced populations of dynamical trajectories localized on two different length scales. Similar dependencies of number density fluctuations, free particle number and dynamical length scales on the order of the range of short-range attraction suggests a collective structural origin of dynamic heterogeneity in colloidal gels.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure

Queremismo: um movimento político-popular e as suas conseqüências para a esquerda nacionalista brasileira

Movimento político-popular o Queremismo teve relações genéticas com a criação do PTB. As lutas pela participação direta e decisiva dos trabalhadores e demais camadas populares em defesa de suas conquistas e para a realização de suas aspirações e por uma Assembléia Nacional Constituinte que consolidasse em seu texto final as conquistas trabalhistas e sociais até então obtidas, lhes garantindo a representação e a participação política, foram geradas na dinâmica do movimento. Isso foi condicionante do caráter e do papel futuro do PTB, tornando-o muito mais que um partido que foi obra de Getúlio e da estrutura institucional do Estado Novo. O movimento queremista foi, ainda, o último momento, antes dos anos 1950, em que os principais agentes políticos do campo nacionalista de esquerda interagem por objetivos políticos táticos e estratégicos comuns

Comparison of structure and transport properties of concentrated hard and soft sphere fluids

Using Newtonian and Brownian dynamics simulations, the structural and transport properties of hard and soft spheres have been studied. The soft spheres were modeled using inverse power potentials ($V\sim r^{-n}$, with $1/n$ the potential softness). Although the pressure, diffusion coefficient and viscosity depend at constant density on the particle softness up to extremely high values of $n$, we show that scaling the density with the freezing point for every system effectively collapses these parameters for $n\geq 18$ (including hard spheres), for large densities. At the freezing points, the long range structure of all systems is identical, when the distance is measured in units of the interparticle distance, but differences appear at short distances (due to the different shape of the interaction potential). This translates into differences at short times in the velocity and stress autocorrelation functions, although they concur to give the same value of the corresponding transport coefficient (for the same density to freezing ratio); the microscopic dynamics also affects the short time behaviour of the correlation functions and absolute values of the transport coefficients, but the same scaling with the freezing density works for Newtonian or Brownian dynamics. For hard spheres, the short time behaviour of the stress autocorrelation function has been studied in detail, confirming quantitatively the theoretical forms derived for it.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figure

Retrieval of nitric oxide in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere from SCIAMACHY limb spectra

We use the ultra-violet (UV) spectra in the range 230–300 nm from the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) to retrieve the nitric oxide (NO) number densities from atmospheric emissions in the gamma-bands in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Using 3-D ray tracing, a 2-D retrieval grid, and regularisation with respect to altitude and latitude, we retrieve a whole semi-orbit simultaneously for the altitude range from 60 to 160 km. We present details of the retrieval algorithm, first results, and initial comparisons to data from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). Our results agree on average well with MIPAS data and are in line with previously published measurements from other instruments. For the time of available measurements in 2008–2011, we achieve a vertical resolution of 5–10 km in the altitude range 70–140 km and a horizontal resolution of about 9° from 60° S–60° N. With this we have independent measurements of the NO densities in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere with approximately global coverage. This data can be further used to validate climate models or as input for them