Проблема ареальных исследований мифологических представлений: польская змора на общеславянском фоне

Currently, the problem of identifying and comparing mythological characters from different folklore traditions remains relevant. Revealing common elements of mythological characters is necessary for compiling folklore indexes and mapping specific motives and plots associated with them. In this article, this problem will be examined using the example of the Polish zmora and other similar Slavic mythological characters. It attempts to compare the zmora from Polish folklore with mythological characters of this type from other Slavic traditions, relying on the similarities and differences of the motives, as well as functions and differential features associated with them. The article shows the features which are common for the Polish zmora and similar characters in Czech, Slovak, Moravian and Lusatian folk culture, Bulgarian, Croatian and Serbian traditions, as well as in Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian folk culture. The author concludes that the West Slavic mora and the South Slavic mora are quite close to the Polish zmora in terms of the image and the plot-motive fund, and on this basis, the Western and South Slavs represent one ethnocultural area. Meanwhile, the Eastern Slavs do not have a corresponding character, so the motives and functions associated with such mythological characters among the Western and South Slavs are absent on the East Slavic territory or are passed to other characters. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2022.11.1.3В настоящее время продолжает оставаться актуальной проблема идентификации и сравнения мифологических персонажей, принадлежащих разным фольклорным традициям. Выявление общих элементов у мифологических персонажей необходимо для составления фольклорных указателей и картографирования конкретных мотивов и сюжетов, связанных с ними. В данной статье предпринята попытка сравнить польскую змору с мифологическими персонажами этого типа из других славянских традиций. В статье показано, какие признаки являются общими для польской зморы и близких к ней персонажей в чешской, словацкой, моравской и лужицкой народной культуре, болгарской, хорватской и сербской традициях, а также в русской, белорусской и украинской народной культуре. Автором делается вывод, что западнославянская мура и южнославянская мора достаточно близки к польской зморе с точки зрения облика и круга мотивов, и по этому признаку западные и южные славяне представляют собой один этнокультурный ареал, тогда как у восточных славян соответствующего персонажа нет, и на восточнославянской территории связанные с ним у западных и южных славян мотивы и функции отсутствуют либо переходят к другим персонажам.DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2022.11.1.

Features of the Bioconversion of Pentacyclic Triterpenoid Oleanolic Acid Using Rhodococcus Actinobacteria

The ability of actinobacteria of the genus Rhodococcus to transform oleanolic acid (OA), a plant pentacyclic triterpenoid, was shown for the first time using bioresources of the Regional Specialized Collection of AlkanotrophicMicroorganisms (IEGM; WDCM #768;www.iegmcol.ru). The most promising strains (R.opacus IEGM 488 and R.rhodochrousIEGM 285) were selected, and these catalyzed80% bioconversion of OA (0.5 g/L) in the presence of n-hexadecane (0.1% v/v) for seven days. The process of OA bioconversion was accompanied by a gradual decrease in the culture medium pH. Adaptive responses of bacterial cells to the OA effects included the formation of compact cellular aggregates, a marked change in the surface-to-volume ratio of cells, and a significant increase in the Zeta potential values. The results demonstrated that the process of OA bioconversion was catalyzed by membrane-bound enzyme complexes. Participation of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases in the oxidation of the OA moleculewas confirmedusing specific inhibitors. The obtained data expand our knowledge on the catalytic activity of actinobacteria of the genus Rhodococcus and their possible use as biocatalysts for the bioconversion of complex hydrophobic compounds. The results can also be used inthe searchfor promising OA derivatives to be used in the synthesis of biologically active agents. Keywords: bioconversion, oleanolic acid, Rhodococcus, biologically active compound

Impact of the oil production complex on land pollution in Russia

The assessment of the impact of the economic activities of the Russian oil-producing complex on land pollution contributes to the adoption of evolutionary management decisions. It also helps to take into account the opinion of society, the Ministry of Emergency Situations. In the oil complex, industrial pollution negatively affects flora and fauna. It's important to identify the level of exposure, the degree of its danger, the location of the contamination. The work deals with the methodology, information-logical and mathematical model of solving the above problem. The main result of the work is a system and procedure (technique) for analyzing the results of monitoring and forecasting of land cover take into consideration the sanitary and hygienic consequences of residual content of petroleum products. As a result of the system analysis, an approach to the construction of alternative solutions has been proposed, taking into account not only permissible pollution standards, but also environmental, sanitary and epidemiological norms and assessment methods. The emergence of soil systems, their categories, is taken into account. In particular, (in importance) risks for soil cover-morphological, bio-physical-chemical, ecological-health, toxic influence and irreversible processes and bifurcations, including taking into account regional peculiarities and restoration potential of soil, are considered. Proposed algorithm of simulation and system analysis is based on situational modeling. Evolutionary modeling allows you to adapt the prediction and assessment procedure (methodology) to the risk factors of the environment. It increases accuracy (formalization and evidence) and completeness of conclusions, efficiency of situation analysis, which affects manageability of risk both for oil complex and for individual enterprise of the industry. The results of the work may be used for the development of software tools, in particular expert and predictive systems. Situational models are needed when oil companies are addressing multi-criteria and multi-factor decision-making challenges

Supervised Nonparametric Image Parcellation

Author Manuscript 2010 August 25. 12th International Conference, London, UK, September 20-24, 2009, Proceedings, Part IISegmentation of medical images is commonly formulated as a supervised learning problem, where manually labeled training data are summarized using a parametric atlas. Summarizing the data alleviates the computational burden at the expense of possibly losing valuable information on inter-subject variability. This paper presents a novel framework for Supervised Nonparametric Image Parcellation (SNIP). SNIP models the intensity and label images as samples of a joint distribution estimated from the training data in a non-parametric fashion. By capitalizing on recently developed fast and robust pairwise image alignment tools, SNIP employs the entire training data to segment a new image via Expectation Maximization. The use of multiple registrations increases robustness to occasional registration failures. We report experiments on 39 volumetric brain MRI scans with manual labels for the white matter, cortex and subcortical structures. SNIP yields better segmentation than state-of-the-art algorithms in multiple regions of interest.NAMIC (NIHNIBIBNAMICU54-EB005149)NAC (NIHNCRRNACP41-RR13218)mBIRN (NIHNCRRmBIRNU24-RR021382)NIH NINDS (Grant R01-NS051826)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (CAREER Grant 0642971)NCRR (P41-RR14075)NCRR (R01 RR16594-01A1)NIBIB (R01 EB001550)NIBIB (R01EB006758)NINDS (R01 NS052585-01)Mind Research InstituteEllison Medical FoundationSingapore. Agency for Science, Technology and Researc

Disease Knowledge Transfer across Neurodegenerative Diseases

We introduce Disease Knowledge Transfer (DKT), a novel technique for transferring biomarker information between related neurodegenerative diseases. DKT infers robust multimodal biomarker trajectories in rare neurodegenerative diseases even when only limited, unimodal data is available, by transferring information from larger multimodal datasets from common neurodegenerative diseases. DKT is a joint-disease generative model of biomarker progressions, which exploits biomarker relationships that are shared across diseases. Our proposed method allows, for the first time, the estimation of plausible, multimodal biomarker trajectories in Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA), a rare neurodegenerative disease where only unimodal MRI data is available. For this we train DKT on a combined dataset containing subjects with two distinct diseases and sizes of data available: 1) a larger, multimodal typical AD (tAD) dataset from the TADPOLE Challenge, and 2) a smaller unimodal Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA) dataset from the Dementia Research Centre (DRC), for which only a limited number of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans are available. Although validation is challenging due to lack of data in PCA, we validate DKT on synthetic data and two patient datasets (TADPOLE and PCA cohorts), showing it can estimate the ground truth parameters in the simulation and predict unseen biomarkers on the two patient datasets. While we demonstrated DKT on Alzheimer's variants, we note DKT is generalisable to other forms of related neurodegenerative diseases. Source code for DKT is available online: https://github.com/mrazvan22/dkt.Comment: accepted at MICCAI 2019, 13 pages, 5 figures, 2 table

Technological Aspect of Terminological Training of Professional Workers

This paper deals with the content-process and the result components of terminological training of specialists. We specified the notion of terminological training of professional workers as a gradual formation of genetic and complementary result components: (1) terminological literacy, (2) terminological competence, and (3) terminological culture. We separated three directions of terminological training: (1) informational (learning terminology of the field of studies); (2) practical (learning the methods of applying terminology for solving various tasks); and (3) reflective (developing motivation for learning terminology during continuous self-learning). Moreover, the study demonstrates how digital technologies can be used for effective terminological training in education. We developed a technology of terminological training that includes three stages of scaffolding (demonstration, guided practice, and independent practice) that correspond to the constituents of the result component (informational, practical, and reflective). The scientific novelty of this study lies in the use of scaffolding in terminological training within education. As a result of these interactions, students should be able to master terminological literacy, terminological competence, and terminological culture

The Role of Corpus Callosum Development in Functional Connectivity and Cognitive Processing

The corpus callosum is hypothesized to play a fundamental role in integrating information and mediating complex behaviors. Here, we demonstrate that lack of normal callosal development can lead to deficits in functional connectivity that are related to impairments in specific cognitive domains. We examined resting-state functional connectivity in individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) and matched controls using magnetoencephalographic imaging (MEG-I) of coherence in the alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (12–30 Hz) and gamma (30–55 Hz) bands. Global connectivity (GC) was defined as synchronization between a region and the rest of the brain. In AgCC individuals, alpha band GC was significantly reduced in the dorsolateral pre-frontal (DLPFC), posterior parietal (PPC) and parieto-occipital cortices (PO). No significant differences in GC were seen in either the beta or gamma bands. We also explored the hypothesis that, in AgCC, this regional reduction in functional connectivity is explained primarily by a specific reduction in interhemispheric connectivity. However, our data suggest that reduced connectivity in these regions is driven by faulty coupling in both inter- and intrahemispheric connectivity. We also assessed whether the degree of connectivity correlated with behavioral performance, focusing on cognitive measures known to be impaired in AgCC individuals. Neuropsychological measures of verbal processing speed were significantly correlated with resting-state functional connectivity of the left medial and superior temporal lobe in AgCC participants. Connectivity of DLPFC correlated strongly with performance on the Tower of London in the AgCC cohort. These findings indicate that the abnormal callosal development produces salient but selective (alpha band only) resting-state functional connectivity disruptions that correlate with cognitive impairment. Understanding the relationship between impoverished functional connectivity and cognition is a key step in identifying the neural mechanisms of language and executive dysfunction in common neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders where disruptions of callosal development are consistently identified

Сравнительный анализ методик по определению энергоэффективности асинхронных двигателей

In the paper the effects on the induction motor efficiency determination due to the introduction of the EU, USA, Canada, Japan and Russian Standards have been analyzed and discussed. Industrial induction motor has been tested and a comparison between the efficiencies determined by various National Standards has been presented. In addition, the motor efficiencies have been compared with the efficiency classes defined by the EU Standardization

Cholinergic Interneurons Control Local Circuit Activity and Cocaine Conditioning

Cholinergic neurons are widespread, and pharmacological modulation of acetylcholine receptors affects numerous brain processes, but such modulation entails side effects due to limitations in specificity for receptor type and target cell. As a result, causal roles of cholinergic neurons in circuits have been unclear. We integrated optogenetics, freely moving mammalian behavior, in vivo electrophysiology, and slice physiology to probe the cholinergic interneurons of the nucleus accumbens by direct excitation or inhibition. Despite representing less than 1% of local neurons, these cholinergic cells have dominant control roles, exerting powerful modulation of circuit activity. Furthermore, these neurons could be activated by cocaine, and silencing this drug-induced activity during cocaine exposure (despite the fact that the manipulation of the cholinergic interneurons was not aversive by itself) blocked cocaine conditioning in freely moving mammals