Making A Market? Contestation And Climate Change

In the last two decades political contestation over climate change generally, and climate policy specifically, has been waged over the merits, design and implementation of market-based regulatory mechanisms. This includes emissions trading, carbon taxation and various voluntary measures. Emissions trading has been at the centre of national and international debates with the provision for emissions trading and other supporting `Flexible Mechanisms in the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. In turn, the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) was installed in 2005 alongside a range of smaller schemes by state and corporate enterprises mostly in OECD nations

Researching direct action against carbon emissions: a digital ethnography of climate agency

Global warming poses very directly the question of human agency. In this video ethnography of climate agency we explore dimensions of subjectivity in climate activism. Through a longitudinal study we track activist strategising as a reflexive process of creating climate agency. Activist reflection is presented as a balance between involvement and detachment, and analysed drawing on videoed interviews and on our own participation in organisations and events. Visual artefacts are deployed to deepen insights into the interview process, and into the contexts for climate action. In terms of the analysis, there are three themes. First we look at trajectories how people come to identify with the climate movement and engage in its direct action wing. Second, we explore the hopes and fears of climate activists in the face of profound challenges. Third, we address political antidotes, and the role of direct action in precipitating large-scale systemic change. Across these themes there is much diversity and debate: what unifies is a common engagement in the broad field of direct climate action. This visual documentation helps us reflect on the conflicts and possibilities that thereby arise in contexts of climate activist praxis

" the Battle of the Clubs."

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Superior Capsule Reconstruction Is a Viable Option for Patients with Symptomatic, Isolated, and Irreparable Supraspinatus Tears.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of superior capsular reconstruction for isolated subscapularis tears using a decellularized porcine allograft as a superior capsular reconstruction. METHODS: Patients who had symptomatic tears of supraspinatus who had failed to improve a conservative rehabilitation program were included. Previous surgery to the shoulder was not a bar to inclusion. Patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively with the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), the single assessment numeric evaluation (SANE) score, as well as clinically assessed for their shoulder range of motion (ROM). Patients were followed up with in-person clinic appointments for the first year, followed by a postal questionnaire and telephone consultation at a minimum of 2 years following surgery. RESULTS: Twenty patients (11 males and 9 females) with a mean age of 67.5 years were included (range: 54-72 years). The average follow-up period was 31 months (24-50). The mean improvement in OSS was 14 points (P < .001), SANE score was 27 points (P < .01). Significant improvements in mean ROM were recorded (flexion 80.7°; P < .001; abduction: 81°; P < .001; external rotation: 31°; P < .001). Six patients suffered SCR failures diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging, despite this they still recorded improvements in recorded OSS, SANE and ROM (excluding external rotation). Patient demographics for failed superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) highlighted smoking and revision surgery as risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: SCR appears to be a viable option for patients with symptomatic, isolated, and irreparable tears of the supraspinatus. Our results demonstrate that there are significant improvements in outcome scores and active range of motion, even in the subgroup in whom postoperative structural failure of the SCR was identified. We recommend caution in patients who have previously failed rotator cuff repair and in heavy smokers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series

Structural Insulated Panels (SIP) and Rain Noise

In this paper we discuss the requirements of the generic international standard (ISO, BS EN ISO 10140) for testing of sound transmission through sample roofs exposed to simulated rainfall and of lessons learned during a recent test program. The test data forms the basis for calculating in-situ sound levels in rooms beneath the roof and we discuss the differences in sound produced by simulated rain to that of natural rain. The differences in impact velocity and raindrop distribution between simulated and natural rain are key factors that are not addressed by the Standard. In addition, an optional normalization test using a pane of glass is included, for the explicit comparison of products tested and as quality control for test laboratories, and its results have been incorrectly shown in some manufacturer’s publicity material as the basis for calculating room sound levels. The Standard does not specify whether the normalization test should be carried out as a skylight or as glazing but the two tests have different requirements. Being optional and intended for inter-lab comparison suggests that the normalization data should not be released to clients as it is misleading and thus should be excluded from reporting

A new 'saccamminid' genus (Rhizaria: Foraminifera), from 4400 m water depth in the Nazare Canyon (NE Atlantic)

We describe Bithekammina occulta, a new monothalamous agglutinated foraminiferan ('saccamminid') collected in multicore samples at 4400 m on the terrace of the lower Nazare Canyon on the Portuguese margin. The test is spherical to oval, up to similar to 400 mu m in length, with a simple circular aperture. The wall has a very smooth surface with a distinct sheen in reflected light. It is <10 mu m thick and composed of very fine agglutinated plate-like clay particles and a thin inner organic layer. The most distinctive feature of the new species is that the test is contained within an agglutinated case ('secondary test') composed mainly of larger (10-50 mu m) quartz grains. The case is equipped with a long, narrow tube that originates near the aperture of the inner test and presumably acts as a channel through which pseudopodia are deployed. Secondary agglutinated structures have been described in a number of foraminifera, but never before in a 'saccamminid'.EC FP6 GOCE-CT-2005–511234 HERMESEC FP7 - 226354 HERMIONEFCT - PTDC/MAR/110082/2009 DeepForamsFCT - SFRH/BPD/26272/200

Echinoderms from the Gulf of Suez and the Northern Red sea

The Gulf of Suez is the northwesternmost area of the vast Indo-west Pacific region. Because of its northerly position and shallow depth, the Gulf of Suez is relatively temperate in character and large seasonal changes occur. The surface sea temperatures at the shore in the northwestern Gulf of Suez range from means of about 18°C. in the winter to about 28°C. in the summer (Pearse, 1969a). Accordingly, the Gulf of Suez region may be of special interest to zoogeographers and physiologists, and the presence and especially the absence of Indo-Pacific species may provide indications about some of their limiting tolerances. Moreover, because the Gulf of Suez links the Suez Canal and the eastern Mediterranean to the Red Sea, its fauna is of special importance in any consideration of migration of species through the canal