Cheilostome Bryozoen

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0540-6013This section describes the cheilostome bryozoan fauna from the Late Cretaceous of Saxony. H.B. Geinitz and A.E. von Reuss described 33 different cheilostome species from the Upper Cenomanian and the mid-Upper Turonian of Saxony, among which 18 new species. Revisions of the Cenomanian material provided by E. Voigt showed that this material included four cyclostome species and eight species that were not derived from Saxony, but subject to a confusion of the sampling locality. Our study of the material and of material collected by E. Voigt in the 20th century yields 23 cheilostome bryozoan species for the Cretaceous of Saxony (lower Cenomanian to lower Coniacian). One new genus, Hillmeropora, and five new species, “Akatopora” wilmseni, Hillmeropora pavonina, Onychocella saxoniae, “Onychocella” barbata and Wilbertopora ostiolatoides are described. Material of six species described by Geinitz and Reuss was not found, thus their identity remaining obscure. “Eschara angustata Geinitz, 1842” is preserved as internal moulds and can therefore not be classified down to genus and species level. Furthermore, the badly preserved material of “Cellepora strehlensis”, figured by Geinitz (1846), “Eschara lineolata Reuss, 1874” and “Vincularia plauensis” sensu Reuss (1874) does not allow a proper classification.This is an OpenAccess article

Verhaltensprobleme in alternativen Legehennenhaltungen

In alternativen Haltungssystemen für Legehennen stellen Federpicken und Kannibalismus große Probleme dar. Aus der Literatur und Praxis besteht der Hinweis, dass ungünstige Aufzuchtbedingungen Hauptrisikofaktoren für das Auftreten dieser Verhaltensstörungen während der Legeperiode darstellen könnten. Hypothesenkataloge mit möglichen Risikofaktoren für Federpicken und Kannibalismus wurden erstellt und durch Berater und Wissenschaftler bewertet

At the edge of intonation: the interplay of utterance-final F0 movements and voiceless fricative sounds

The paper is concerned with the 'edge of intonation' in a twofold sense. It focuses on utterance-final F0 movements and crosses the traditional segment-prosody divide by investigating the interplay of F0 and voiceless fricatives in speech production. An experiment was performed for German with four types of voiceless fricatives: /f/, /s/, /ʃ/ and /x/. They were elicited with scripted dialogues in the contexts of terminal falling statement and high rising question intonations. Acoustic analyses show that fricatives concluding the high rising question intonations had higher mean centres of gravity (CoGs), larger CoG ranges and higher noise energy levels than fricatives concluding the terminal falling statement intonations. The different spectral-energy patterns are suitable to induce percepts of a high 'aperiodic pitch' at the end of the questions and of a low 'aperiodic pitch' at the end of the statements. The results are discussed with regard to the possible existence of 'segmental intonation' and its implication for F0 truncation and the segment-prosody dichotomy, in which segments are the alleged troublemakers for the production and perception of intonation

From Teamchef Arminius to Hermann Junior: glocalised discourse about a national foundation myth

If for much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the ‘Battle of the Teutoburg Forest’, fought in 9 CE between Roman armies and Germanic tribes, was predominantly a reference point for nationalist and chauvinist discourses in Germany, the first decade of the twenty-first century has seen attempts to link public remembrance with local/regional identities on the one hand and international/intercultural contact on the other. In the run up to and during the ‘anniversary year’ of 2009, German media, sports institutions and various other official institutions articulating tourist, economic and political interests attempted to create a new ‘glocalised’ version of the public memory of the Teutoburg battle. Combining methods of Cognitive Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis, the paper analyses the narrative and argumentative topoi employed in this re-orientation of public memory, with a special emphasis on hybrid, post-national identity-construction. Das zweitausendjährige Gedenkjahr der „Schlacht im Teutoburger Wald“ im Jahr 2009 bot eine günstige Gelegenheit, die bis in die zweite Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts dominante Tradition nationalistisch–chauvinistischer Deutungen des Sieges von germanischen Stämmen über drei römische Legionen zu korrigieren und zu überwinden. Der Aufsatz analysiert mit Hilfe diskurslinguistischer Methoden die Anstrengungen regionaler Institutionen und Medien, die nationale Vereinnahmung des historischen Gedenkens kritisch zu thematisieren sowie neue, zum eine lokal situierte, zum andern international orientierte Identifikationsangebote anzubieten. Die Analyse zeigt, dass solche „de-nationalisierten“ Identifikationsangebote zwar teilweise auch früher verwendet wurden, aber heutzutage rekontextualisiert und auf innovative Weise in den Vordergrund gestellt werden

Einsatz der Nahinfrarotspektroskopie zur Abschätzung von allgemeinen und biologischen Bodeneigenschaften

Infrarotspektroskopie im sichtbaren und nahen Infrarotbereich (vis-NIRS) ist eine etablierte Methode zur Abschätzung der Gehalte an organischem Kohlenstoff (SOC) und Stickstoff (N) in Böden. Weniger Information ist hinsichtlich einer Eignung für bodenbiologische Eigenschaften vorhanden. Ziele waren die Untersuchung der Eignung der vis-NIRS zur Abschätzung von allgemeinen Bodeneigenschaften (SOC, N, pH, Textur) und Enzymaktivitäten für unterschiedliche Standorte. Chemometrische Auswertungen wurden mit der PLS (partial least squares)-Regression durchgeführt. Unabhängige Validierungen zeigten, dass vis-NIRS erwartungsgemäß gut geeignet zur Abschätzung von SOC- und N-Gehalten war, während die Abschätzungen von pH und Texturklassen variabel waren. Die Abschätzungen von Enzymaktivitäten konnten mittels Regressionen aus den allgemeinen Bodeneigenschaften mit ähnlicher Genauigkeit abgeschätzt werden wie aus den Infrarotdaten, so dass wir keinen Nutzen der vis-NIRS zur direkten Abschätzung von Enzymaktivitäten sehen

Disclosure of Maternal HIV Status to Children: To Tell or Not To Tell . . . That Is the Question

HIV-infected mothers face the challenging decision of whether to disclose their serostatus to their children. From the perspective of both mother and child, we explored the process of disclosure, providing descriptive information and examining the relationships among disclosure, demographic variables, and child adjustment. Participants were 23 mothers and one of their noninfected children (9 to 16 years of age). Sixty-one percent of mothers disclosed. Consistent with previous research, disclosure was not related to child functioning. However, children sworn to secrecy demonstrated lower social competence and more externalizing problems. Differential disclosure, which occurred in one-third of the families, was associated with higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Finally, knowing more than mothers had themselves disclosed was related to child maladjustment across multiple domains. Clinical implications and the need for future research are considered

The time course of auditory and language-specific mechanisms in compensation for sibilant assimilation

Models of spoken-word recognition differ on whether compensation for assimilation is language-specific or depends on general auditory processing. English and French participants were taught words that began or ended with the sibilants /s/ and /∫/. Both languages exhibit some assimilation in sibilant sequences (e.g., /s/ becomes like [∫] in dress shop and classe chargée), but they differ in the strength and predominance of anticipatory versus carryover assimilation. After training, participants were presented with novel words embedded in sentences, some of which contained an assimilatory context either preceding or following. A continuum of target sounds ranging from [s] to [∫] was spliced into the novel words, representing a range of possible assimilation strengths. Listeners' perceptions were examined using a visual-world eyetracking paradigm in which the listener clicked on pictures matching the novel words. We found two distinct language-general context effects: a contrastive effect when the assimilating context preceded the target, and flattening of the sibilant categorization function (increased ambiguity) when the assimilating context followed. Furthermore, we found that English but not French listeners were able to resolve the ambiguity created by the following assimilatory context, consistent with their greater experience with assimilation in this context. The combination of these mechanisms allows listeners to deal flexibly with variability in speech forms

Femtosecond gas-phase mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction

The development of ultrafast gas electron diffraction with nonrelativistic electrons has enabled the determination of molecular structures with atomic spatial resolution. It has, however, been challenging to break the picosecond temporal resolution barrier and achieve the goal that has long been envisioned - making space- and-time resolved molecular movies of chemical reaction in the gas-phase. Recently, an ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) apparatus using mega-electron-volt (MeV) electrons was developed at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory for imaging ultrafast structural dynamics of molecules in the gas phase. The SLAC gas-phase MeV UED has achieved 65 fs root mean square temporal resolution, 0.63 Å spatial resolution, and 0.22 Å-1 reciprocal-space resolution. Such high spatial-temporal resolution has enabled the capturing of real-time molecular movies of fundamental photochemical mechanisms, such as chemical bond breaking, ring opening, and a nuclear wave packet crossing a conical intersection. In this paper, the design that enables the high spatial-temporal resolution of the SLAC gas phase MeV UED is presented. The compact design of the differential pump section of the SLAC gas phase MeV UED realized five orders-of-magnitude vacuum isolation between the electron source and gas sample chamber. The spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and long-term stability of the apparatus are systematically characterized

Realism, Liberalism and Non-ideal Theory Or, Are there Two Ways to do Realistic Political Theory?

The charge that contemporary political theory has lost touch with the realities of politics is common to both the recent ideal/non-ideal theory debate and the revival of interest in realist thought. However, a tendency has arisen to subsume political realism within the ideal/non-ideal theory debate, or to elide realism with non-ideal theorising. This article argues that this is a mistake. The ideal/non-ideal theory discussion is a methodological debate that takes place within the framework of liberal theory. Realism, contrary to several interpretations, is a distinct and competing conception of politics in its own right that stands in contrast to that of liberal theory. While the two debates are united in a sense that contemporary liberal theory needs to be more realistic, they differ significantly in their understanding of this shortcoming and, more importantly, what it is to do more realistic political theory

Measurement of the branching ratio of pi^0 -> e^+e^- using K_L -> 3 pi^0 decays in flight

The branching ratio of the rare decay pi^0 -> e^+e^- has been measured in E799-II, a rare kaon decay experiment using the KTeV detector at Fermilab. The pi^0's were produced in fully-reconstructed K_L -> 3 pi^0 decays in flight. We observed 275 candidate pi^0 -> e^+e^- events, with an expected background of 21.4 +- 6.2 events which includes the contribution from Dalitz decays. We measured BR(pi^0 -> e^+e^-, x>0.95) = (6.09 +- 0.40 +- 0.24) times 10^{-8}, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. This result is the first significant observation of the excess rate for this decay above the unitarity lower bound.Comment: New version shortened to PRL length limit. 5 pages, 4 figures. Published in Phys. Rev. Let