Towards Optimal Copyright Protection Using Neural Networks Based Digital Image Watermarking

In the field of digital watermarking, digital image watermarking for copyright protection has attracted a lot of attention in the research community. Digital watermarking contains varies techniques for protecting the digital content. Among all those techniques,Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) provides higher image imperceptibility and robustness. Over the years, researchers have been designing watermarking techniques with robustness in mind, in order for the watermark to be resistant against any image processing techniques. Furthermore, the requirements of a good watermarking technique includes a tradeoff between robustness, image quality (imperceptibility) and capacity. In this paper, we have done an extensive literature review for the existing DWT techniques and those combined with other techniques such as Neural Networks. In addition to that, we have discuss the contribution of Neural Networks in copyright protection. Finally we reached our goal in which we identified the research gaps existed in the current watermarking schemes. So that, it will be easily to obtain an optimal techniques to make the watermark object robust to attacks while maintaining the imperceptibility to enhance the copyright protection

Analogies between self-duality and stealth matter source

We consider the problem of a self-interacting scalar field nonminimally coupled to the three-dimensional BTZ metric such that its energy-momentum tensor evaluated on the BTZ metric vanishes. We prove that this system is equivalent to a self-dual system composed by a set of two first-order equations. The self-dual point is achieved by fixing one of the coupling constant of the potential in terms of the nonminimal coupling parameter. At the self-dual point and up to some boundary terms, the matter action evaluated on the BTZ metric is bounded below and above. These two bounds are saturated simultaneously yielding to a vanishing action for configurations satisfying the set of self-dual first-order equations.Comment: 6 pages. To be published in Jour. Phys.

Invariant density and time asymptotics for collisionless kinetic equations with partly diffuse boundary operators

International audienceThis paper deals with collisionless transport equationsin bounded open domains $\Omega \subset \R^{d}$ $(d\geq 2)$ with $\mathcal{C}^{1}$ boundary $\partial \Omega$, orthogonallyinvariant velocity measure \bm{m}(\d v) with support $V\subset \R^{d}$ and stochastic partly diffuse boundary operators $\mathsf{H}$ relating the outgoing andincoming fluxes. Under very general conditions, such equations are governedby stochastic $C_{0}$-semigroups $\left( U_{\mathsf{H}}(t)\right) _{t\geq 0}$ on $$ We give a general criterion of irreducibility of $$ and we show that, under very natural assumptions, if an invariant densityexists then $\left( U_{\mathsf{H}}(t)\right) _{t\geq 0}$ converges strongly (notsimply in Cesar\`o means) to its ergodic projection. We show also that if noinvariant density exists then $\left( U_{\mathsf{H}}(t)\right) _{t\geq 0}$ is\emph{sweeping} in the sense that, for any density $\varphi$, the total mass of $$ concentrates near suitable sets of zero measure as $$ We show also a general weak compactness theoremwhich provides a basis for a general theory on existence of invariantdensities. This theorem is based on a series of results on smoothness andtransversality of the dynamical flow associated to $\left( U_{\mathsf{H}}(t)\right) _{t\geq0}.

Dynamic stability of crack fronts: Out-of-plane corrugations

The dynamics and stability of brittle cracks are not yet fully understood. Here we use the Willis-Movchan 3D linear perturbation formalism [J. Mech. Phys. Solids {\bf 45}, 591 (1997)] to study the out-of-plane stability of planar crack fronts in the framework of linear elastic fracture mechanics. We discuss a minimal scenario in which linearly unstable crack front corrugations might emerge above a critical front propagation speed. We calculate this speed as a function of Poisson's ratio and show that corrugations propagate along the crack front at nearly the Rayleigh wave-speed. Finally, we hypothesize about a possible relation between such corrugations and the long-standing problem of crack branching.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures + supplementary informatio

Molecular research on the genetic diversity of Tunisian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) using the random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMPO) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) methods

The genetic diversity organization and evaluation of relationships within Tunisian date-palm cultivars were assessed using the random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMPO) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) methods. 18 combinations of random/ISSR primers and six AFLP primers combinations were tested with DNAs isolated from 40 date-palm cultivars. Our results show that using both markers systems, the Tunisian date-palm germplasm is characterized by a large and continuous genetic diversity. In addition, due to the greater number of markers per assay, the AFLP technique seems to be more informative than the RAMPO method. In fact, 186 and 428 polymorphic bands were detected using RAMPO and AFLP primers, respectively. Moreover, AFLP markers were found most polymorphic with the highest average PIC value (0.7) and marker index (50.54). In addition, independent as well as combined analyses of the cluster analyses of the RAMPO and AFLP fragments showed that cultivars are clustered independently from the sex of trees or else their geographical origin. On the other hand, based on Pearson and Spearman correlation between RAMPO and AFLP distance, matrices were positive and highly significant. This result indicates good congruence between these two molecular markers. The opportunity of the designed methods is discussed with the molecular characterization of genotypes in order to enhance the conservation and the improvement of the local date-palm germplasm.Key words: Phoenix dactylifera, genetic diversity, random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMPO), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), Tunisian

Removal of zinc and cadmium ions from contaminated soils with rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa S7PS5

A soil treatment process using froth flotation technique involving anionic biosurfactant (rhamnolipids) using Sodium sulfide was studied. The supernatant produced by the strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa S7PS5 was tested for biosurfactants production, HPLC analysis showed the presence of L-rhamnosyl- β- hydroxydecanoyl- β-hydroxydecanoate (RL1) and L-rhamnosyl L-rhamnosyl- β-hydroxydecanoyl-β- hydroxydecanoate (RL2). The influence of the collector (rhamnolipid), pulp pH, a chemical activation step (sulfidization) and process time on metal removal efficiency has been investigated to recover Zn and Cd ions from a contaminated soil. An effective CMC of 35 mg/L was obtained. A perfect Zn and Cd removal efficiency was made at pH = 12 and 4 mg/g of Na2S during the first 5 min of soil washing process, then a longer flotation time ( > 5 min) caused mechanical entrainment of Zn and Cd.Keywords: Biosurfactants, flotation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, rhamnolipids, soil washin

Model-independent constraints on spin observables

We discuss model-independent constraints on spin observables in exclusive and inclusive reactions, with special attention to the case of photoproduction.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, Talk by J.-M. Richard at NSTAR 2009, IHEP, Beijing (China), April 19-22, 2009, Proc. to appear in "Chinese Physics C

Distributed Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks with Adaptive Detection Threshold

This paper proposes a cooperative sensing algorithm based on distributedfusion strategy and maintained probability of false alarm for cognitive radio. It furtherintroduces a reporting strategy that discusses how cooperative sensing in distributedmanner can select among possible candidates in order to reduce bandwidthrequirement. We adopted a dynamic distributed architecture for cooperative sensingbased on the link quality and found condition on the channel quality for cooperation tobe beneficial. Using probability of detection, and BER metrics we evaluated theperformance improvement of distributed cooperation over direct cooperation and noncooperativesensing. We used analytical formulation with possible candidate selectioncriteria to investigate and maximize the cooperation gain. By employing suchdistribution and selection technique, the reporting error due to the fading channel isreduced. Results show that the method effectively improve performance of sensing, itincrease the probability of detection up to 0.9 at <0.1 probability of false alarm.Sensitivity requirement is reduced with network scale and the number of nodesparticipate in decision fusion is reduced about 42% at probability of false alarm 0.1.ROC curve has obvious improvement compared with existing methods

Hydrogels and Their Combination with Liposomes, Niosomes, or Transfersomes for Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery

Polymeric networks that retain and absorb substantial amount of water or biological fluids and resemble as a biological tissue are defined as hydrogels. On the other hand, liposomes, transfersomes and niosomes are lipid carriers, which represent one of the major research and development focus areas of the pharmaceutical industry. They have great potential as lipid vehicles that are able to enhance permeation of drugs across the intact skin and can act as local depot for the drug to sustain and control its delivery. Lipid carrier and hydrogel combinations offer transdermal drug delivery of great potential to enhance systemic effects of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Also, lipid carriers can target drugs to skin appendages and improve transdermal delivery. Lipid carrier proform systems in the form of gelly liquid crystals can also be used transdermally for better drug absorption enhancement. This review highlights the potential of hydrogels and emulgels with or without lipid nanocarriers for dermal and transdermal application