18,042 research outputs found
On methods to determine bounds on the Q-factor for a given directivity
This paper revisit and extend the interesting case of bounds on the Q-factor
for a given directivity for a small antenna of arbitrary shape. A higher
directivity in a small antenna is closely connected with a narrow impedance
bandwidth. The relation between bandwidth and a desired directivity is still
not fully understood, not even for small antennas. Initial investigations in
this direction has related the radius of a circumscribing sphere to the
directivity, and bounds on the Q-factor has also been derived for a partial
directivity in a given direction. In this paper we derive lower bounds on the
Q-factor for a total desired directivity for an arbitrarily shaped antenna in a
given direction as a convex problem using semi-definite relaxation techniques
(SDR). We also show that the relaxed solution is also a solution of the
original problem of determining the lower Q-factor bound for a total desired
directivity.
SDR can also be used to relax a class of other interesting non-convex
constraints in antenna optimization such as tuning, losses, front-to-back
ratio. We compare two different new methods to determine the lowest Q-factor
for arbitrary shaped antennas for a given total directivity. We also compare
our results with full EM-simulations of a parasitic element antenna with high
directivity.Comment: Correct some minor typos in the previous versio
Mesoscopic Kondo effect of a quantum dot embedded in an Aharonov-Bohm ring with intradot spin-flip scattering
We study the Kondo effect in a quantum dot embedded in a mesoscopic ring
taking into account intradot spin-flip scattering . Based on the finite-
slave-boson mean-field approach, we find that the Kondo peak in the density of
states is split into two peaks by this coherent spin-flip transition, which is
responsible for some interesting features of the Kondo-assisted persistent
current circulating the ring: (1) strong suppression and crossover to a sine
function form with increasing ; (2) appearance of a "hump" in the
-dependent behavior for odd parity. -induced reverse of the persistent
current direction is also observed for odd parity.Comment: 7 pages,6 figures, to be published by Europhys. Let
A systematic review of neuroprotective strategies after cardiac arrest: from bench to bedside (Part I - Protection via specific pathways).
Neurocognitive deficits are a major source of morbidity in survivors of cardiac arrest. Treatment options that could be implemented either during cardiopulmonary resuscitation or after return of spontaneous circulation to improve these neurological deficits are limited. We conducted a literature review of treatment protocols designed to evaluate neurologic outcome and survival following cardiac arrest with associated global cerebral ischemia. The search was limited to investigational therapies that were utilized to treat global cerebral ischemia associated with cardiac arrest. In this review we discuss potential mechanisms of neurologic protection following cardiac arrest including actions of several medical gases such as xenon, argon, and nitric oxide. The 3 included mechanisms are: 1. Modulation of neuronal cell death; 2. Alteration of oxygen free radicals; and 3. Improving cerebral hemodynamics. Only a few approaches have been evaluated in limited fashion in cardiac arrest patients and results show inconclusive neuroprotective effects. Future research focusing on combined neuroprotective strategies that target multiple pathways are compelling in the setting of global brain ischemia resulting from cardiac arrest
On positive solutions and the Omega limit set for a class of delay differential equations
This paper studies the positive solutions of a class of delay differential
equations with two delays. These equations originate from the modeling of
hematopoietic cell populations. We give a sufficient condition on the initial
function for such that the solution is positive for all time .
The condition is "optimal". We also discuss the long time behavior of these
positive solutions through a dynamical system on the space of continuous
functions. We give a characteristic description of the limit set of
this dynamical system, which can provide informations about the long time
behavior of positive solutions of the delay differential equation.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figure
Effect of chromatic dispersion induced chirp on the temporal coherence property of individual beam from spontaneous four wave mixing
Temporal coherence of individual signal or idler beam, determined by the
spectral correlation property of photon pairs, is important for realizing
quantum interference among independent sources. To understand the effect of
chirp on the temporal coherence property, two series of experiments are
investigated by introducing different amount of chirp into either the pulsed
pump or individual signal (idler) beam. In the first one, based on spontaneous
four wave mixing in a piece of optical fiber, the intensity correlation
function of the filtered individual signal beam, which characterizes the degree
of temporal coherence, is measured as a function of the chirp of pump. The
results demonstrate that the chirp of pump pulses decreases the degree of
temporal coherence. In the second one, a Hong-Ou-Mandel type two-photon
interference experiment with the signal beams generated in two different fibers
is carried out. The results illustrate that the chirp of individual beam does
not change the temporal coherence degree, but affect the temporal mode
matching. To achieve high visibility, apart from improving the coherence degree
by minimizing the chirp of pump, mode matching should be optimized by managing
the chirps of individual beams.Comment: 17pages, 4figure
Systematic study of proton-neutron pairing correlations in the nuclear shell model
A shell-model study of proton-neutron pairing in shell nuclei using a
parametrized hamiltonian that includes deformation and spin-orbit effects as
well as isoscalar and isovector pairing is reported. By working in a
shell-model framework we are able to assess the role of the various modes of
proton-neutron pairing in the presence of nuclear deformation without violating
symmetries. Results are presented for Ti, Ti, Ti, V
and Cr to assess how proton-neutron pair correlations emerge under
different scenarios. We also study how the presence of a one-body spin-obit
interaction affects the contribution of the various pairing modes.Comment: 12 pages, 16 figure
Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection via Alfven Eigenmodes
We propose an analytic approach to the problem of collisionless magnetic
reconnection formulated as a process of Alfven eigenmodes' generation and
dissipation. Alfven eigenmodes are confined by the current sheet in the same
way that quantum mechanical waves are confined by the tanh^2 potential. The
dynamical time scale of reconnection is the system scale divided by the
eigenvalue propagation velocity of the n=1 mode. The prediction of the n=1 mode
shows good agreement with the in situ measurement of the
reconnection-associated Hall fields
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