Potentiometric mapping for wind turbine power plant installation Guilan Province in Iran

The use of renewable energy in different parts of the world is increasing in recent years, therefore, understanding the way and how to use these energies is very important. Today, the use of climate and productive energies has attracted more researchers. The purpose of this research is to determine the potential of the wind turbine power plant and mapping in guilan province based on fuzzy logic and AHP. In this research, wind direction and speed data of 4 synoptic stations of guilan province were provided to assess the potential, mapping and determine the establishment of a wind turbine plant in guilan province for sustainable development using fuzzy logic in a statistical period for each synoptic station since its establishment until 2014. In this systemic model, the monthly and seasonal wind speed were scored using the fuzzy method and WindRose Plot and SabaWind software were used to determine the wind direction. Wind speed mapping map was drawn to establish a wind turbine plant with scores obtained for each of the stations using the GIS. The findings of the research show that fuzzy logic method showed a large variation to establish wind turbine power plants using wind speed and wind direction. In total, the Manjil station with the highest windy with the score of 29.29 were ranked first in the construction of wind turbines after obtaining the final rating each of the 4 stations in guilan province to build a high-confidence wind power plant and other stations are the next priorities in the province of Gilan for the establishment of the turbine plant with the scores (Bandar Anzali: 22.79, Astara: 20.37 and Rasht: 17.91). guilan province is suitable for establishing a turbine plant, because of the potential and windy favorable conditions to use it to meet the needs of various energies, including the electricity of the area. Therefore, it is necessary to take steady steps in order to develop this important industry.Keywords: Wind direction and Speed, Potentiometric, Fuzzy logic, Wind power plant, Statistical analysi

Resource Consumption of Additive Manufacturing

Abstract Since the 1980's, additive manufacturing (AM) has gradually advanced from rapid prototyping applications towards fabricating endconsumer products. Many small companies may prefer accessing AM technologies through service providers offering production services as result-oriented Industrial Product-Service System (IPSS) rather than investing in their own production line. This study investigated potential benefits of IPSS using system dynamics modeling to study resource demands between two situations: one where an IPSS approach is used and one that is the traditional ownership of production equipment. This study concluded that AM service providers with demand-varying customers could increase service performance and maximize use of production equipment

A High Resolution Radiation Hybrid Map of Wheat Chromosome 4A

Citation: Balcarkova, B., Frenkel, Z., Skopova, M., Abrouk, M., Kumar, A., Chao, S. M., . . . Valarik, M. (2017). A High Resolution Radiation Hybrid Map of Wheat Chromosome 4A. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.02063Bread wheat has a large and complex allohexaploid genome with low recombination level at chromosome centromeric and peri-centromeric regions. This significantly hampers ordering of markers, contigs of physical maps and sequence scaffolds and impedes obtaining of high-quality reference genome sequence. Here we report on the construction of high-density and high-resolution radiation hybrid (RH) map of chromosome 4A supported by high-density chromosome deletion map. A total of 119 endosperm-based RH lines of two RH panels and 15 chromosome deletion bin lines were genotyped with 90K iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A total of 2316 and 2695 markers were successfully mapped to the 4A RH and deletion maps, respectively. The chromosome deletion map was ordered in 19 bins and allowed precise identification of centromeric region and verification of the RH panel reliability. The 4A-specific RH map comprises 1080 mapping bins and spans 6550.9 cR with a resolution of 0.13 Mb/cR. Significantly higher mapping resolution in the centromeric region was observed as compared to recombination maps. Relatively even distribution of deletion frequency along the chromosome in the RH panel was observed and putative functional centromere was delimited within a region characterized by two SNP markers

Genetic and molecular analysis of wheat tan spot resistance effective against Pyrenophora tritici-repentis races 2 and 5

Tan spot, a major foliar disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is caused by an ascomycete Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Both culture filtrates and conidiospore inocula induce disease symptoms in susceptible wheat genotypes. The objectives of this study were to determine and map the genetic control of resistance to spore inocula and culture filtrates of P. tritici-repentis races 2 and 5. The F1 and F2 generations and an F2:6 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population were developed from a cross between the resistant ND 735 and the susceptible Steele-ND. Disease assessments of the segregating generations were done at the seedling stage using culture filtrates and spore inocula under controlled environmental conditions. Genetic and mapping analyses of the F1 and F2 generations and the RIL by both methods indicated that the same single recessive gene, Tsr1, located on chromosome 5BL, controlled resistance and insensitivity to necrosis induced by race 2. A second recessive gene, designated Tsr6, located on chromosome 2BS, conferred resistance/insensitivity to chlorosis induced by spore inocula or culture filtrates of race 5. Diversity Arrays Technology markers wPt-3049 (2.9 cM) and wPt-0289 (4.6 cM) were closely linked to Tsr1 and Tsr6, respectively. The results further indicated that culture filtrates can be used as surrogates for spore inoculation. Tsr1 and Tsr6 can be selected by marker-assisted selection in breeding for resistance to tan spot

Chromosome Bin Map of Expressed Sequence Tags in Homoeologous Group 1 of Hexaploid Wheat and Homoeology With Rice and Arabidopsis

A total of 944 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated 2212 EST loci mapped to homoeologous group 1 chromosomes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). EST deletion maps and the consensus map of group 1 chromosomes were constructed to show EST distribution. EST loci were unevenly distributed among chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D with 660, 826, and 726, respectively. The number of EST loci was greater on the long arms than on the short arms for all three chromosomes. The distribution of ESTs along chromosome arms was nonrandom with EST clusters occurring in the distal regions of short arms and middle regions of long arms. Duplications of group 1 ESTs in other homoeologous groups occurred at a rate of 35.5%. Seventy-five percent of wheat chromosome 1 ESTs had significant matches with rice sequences (E ≤ e(−10)), where large regions of conservation occurred between wheat consensus chromosome 1 and rice chromosome 5 and between the proximal portion of the long arm of wheat consensus chromosome 1 and rice chromosome 10. Only 9.5% of group 1 ESTs showed significant matches to Arabidopsis genome sequences. The results presented are useful for gene mapping and evolutionary and comparative genomics of grasses

A 4-gigabase physical map unlocks the structure and evolution of the complex genome of Aegilops tauschii, the wheat D-genome progenitor

The current limitations in genome sequencing technology require the construction of physical maps for high-quality draft sequences of large plant genomes, such as that of Aegilops tauschii, the wheat D-genome progenitor. To construct a physical map of the Ae. tauschii genome, we fingerprinted 461,706 bacterial artificial chromosome clones, assembled contigs, designed a 10K Ae. tauschii Infinium SNP array, constructed a 7,185-marker genetic map, and anchored on the map contigs totaling 4.03 Gb. Using whole genome shotgun reads, we extended the SNP marker sequences and found 17,093 genes and gene fragments. We showed that collinearity of the Ae. tauschii genes with Brachypodium distachyon, rice, and sorghum decreased with phylogenetic distance and that structural genome evolution rates have been high across all investigated lineages in subfamily Pooideae, including that of Brachypodieae. We obtained additional information about the evolution of the seven Triticeae chromosomes from 12 ancestral chromosomes and uncovered a pattern of centromere inactivation accompanying nested chromosome insertions in grasses. We showed that the density of noncollinear genes along the Ae. tauschii chromosomes positively correlates with recombination rates, suggested a cause, and showed that new genes, exemplified by disease resistance genes, are preferentially located in high-recombination chromosome regions

Perioperative Antibiotic Use in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Introduction  Improved evidence-based guidelines on the optimal type and duration of antibiotics for patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) are needed. We analyze the infectious complications among a large cohort of EETS patients undergoing a standardized regimen of cefazolin for 24 hours, followed by cephalexin for 7 days after surgery (clindamycin if penicillin/cephalosporin allergic). Methods  A retrospective review of 132 EETS patients from 2018 to 2020 was conducted. Patient, tumor, and surgical characteristics were collected, along with infection rates. Multivariate logistic regression determined the variable(s) independently associated with infectious outcomes. Results  Nearly all patients (99%) received postoperative antibiotics with 78% receiving cefazolin, 17% receiving cephalexin, 3% receiving clindamycin, and 2% receiving other antibiotics. Fifty-three patients (40%) had an intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, and three patients (2%) developed a postoperative CSF leak requiring surgical repair. Within 30 days, no patients developed meningitis. Five patients (4%) developed sinusitis, two patients (3%) developed pneumonia, and one patient (1%) developed cellulitis at a peripheral intravenous line. Two patients (2%) developed an allergy to cephalexin, requiring conservative management. After adjustment for comorbidities and operative factors, presence of postoperative infectious complications was independently associated with increased LOS ( β  = 3.7 days; p  = 0.001). Conclusion  Compared with reported findings in the literature, we report low rates of infectious complications and antibiotic intolerance, despite presence of a heavy burden of comorbidities and high intraoperative CSF leak rates among our cohort. These findings support our standardized 7-day perioperative antibiotic regimen