Effect of different 3’ flanking regions on the activity of the Vitis vinifera alcohol dehydrogenase 2 promoter

3’untranslated regions (3' UTR) are isogene specific regions which contain sequences likely playing an important role in gene expression. To evaluate the importance of these regions on Vitis vinifera alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (VvAdh2) expression, we designed expression cassettes containing the luciferase reporter gene under the VvAdh2 or CaMV 35S promoters and flanked by different 3’ UTRs. Luciferase activity monitoring was performed through transient expression experiments, using biolistic on Cabernet Sauvignon suspension cells. Results showed that absence of the 3’ region had a strong down-regulating effect on the VvAdh2 promoter activity (but not on the CaMV 35S promoter activity). The nature of the flanking 3' UTR was shown to influence expression cassette activity. Whatever the promoter, VvAdh1 and VvAdh2 terminators had similar effect on expression of luciferase in air leading to an activity level very close to that of CaMV 35S terminator. Under anaerobiosis, luciferase expression was strongly increased with all terminators, VvAdh6 3'-end inducing the highest level of expression. Functional constructs with VvAdh2 promoter and VvAdh terminators designed in this study could be used wherever grapevine-homologous, stress-stimulated cassettes should be of interest

Assessment of the Shellfish Production Areas’ Quality: The Oualidia and Sidi Moussa Lagoons Case

Based on European regulation 91/492/EC, Morocco, very early, established legislation with conditions for producing and marketing live bivalve molluscs. In applying this legislation, the National Institute of Fisheries Research (INRH)   has set up a system for sanitary monitoring of the marine environment, through which several harvesting areas have been classified while others are in progress. In January 2020, the Oualidia and Sidi Moussa lagoons were categorized respectively in classes B and C with respectively 52.77% of the results, which were between 230 and 4600 MPN E. coli / 100 g of flesh and intravalvular liquid (FIL) and 11.11% of results that fell between 4600 and 46000 MPN E. coli / 100 g FIL. Sidi Moussa lagoon has been classified as a clean area category C since 2006. As a result, the oyster farming activity has been suspended in this area. This incident is a warning sign of the significant weakness of these ecosystems in addressing multiple social and economic challenges. On another side, INRH has sufficient data and tools to progress towards a better optimization of the marine environment sanitary monitoring program management

Assessment of the Shellfish Production Areas’ Quality: The Oualidia and Sidi Moussa Lagoons Case

Based on European regulation 91/492/EC, Morocco, very early, established legislation with conditions for producing and marketing live bivalve molluscs. In applying this legislation, the National Institute of Fisheries Research (INRH)   has set up a system for sanitary monitoring of the marine environment, through which several harvesting areas have been classified while others are in progress. In January 2020, the Oualidia and Sidi Moussa lagoons were categorized respectively in classes B and C with respectively 52.77% of the results, which were between 230 and 4600 MPN E. coli / 100 g of flesh and intravalvular liquid (FIL) and 11.11% of results that fell between 4600 and 46000 MPN E. coli / 100 g FIL. Sidi Moussa lagoon has been classified as a clean area category C since 2006. As a result, the oyster farming activity has been suspended in this area. This incident is a warning sign of the significant weakness of these ecosystems in addressing multiple social and economic challenges. On another side, INRH has sufficient data and tools to progress towards a better optimization of the marine environment sanitary monitoring program management

Colloque BRG/USTL : méthodologies de gestion et de conservation des ressources génétiques = methodologies of genetic resources management and conservation

L'analyse du polymorphisme de longueur des fragments de restriction d'ADN amplifié (PCR-RFLP) présente de nombreux avantages pour la caractérisation de la diversité microbienne : relative rapidité, faible coût, possibilité d'application à l'ensemble des taxons bactériens, bonne reproductibilité, possibilité d'analyse simultanée d'un grand nombre de souches, intérêt au niveau taxonomique. Afin d'optimiser son usage, nous avons cherché à déterminer combien d'enzymes et lesquels étaient le plus approprié, en effectuant une analyse systématique par ordinateur de la capacité de 25 enzymes de restriction différentes à générer par PCR-RFLP, seules ou en combinaison, des profils de digestion permettant la distinction d'espèces proches taxonomiquement. La sous-unité 16S de l'ARN ribosomal (rrs, pour ribosomal RNA small subunit) a été choisie pour simuler ces PCR-RFLP : elle correspond à la région la plus fréquemment étudiée et permet en général une bonne discrimination au niveau de l'espèce ; de plus, de nombreuses séquences rrs sont disponibles dans les banques de données. L'étude a été focalisée sur les rhizobia qui représentent un bon modèle de genres différents, entremêlés avec d'autres genres très proches taxonomiquement, et parce que leur importance en agriculture induit la nécessité d'outils performants pour la caractérisation de grands nombres de nouveaux isolats. La digestion de 24 séquences rrs correspondant aux souches-types de différentes espèces a été simulée par ordinateur. Les profils de digestion obtenus pour les différentes séquences ont été comparés deux par deux afin de déterminer le nombre de profils distincts générés par chaque enzyme individuellement ou par les combinaisons systématiques de 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ou 7 enzymes. Différentes combinaisons de 3, 4 ou 5 enzymes permettent la distinction entre les espèces... (D'après résumé d'auteur

maternally expressed gene1 is a novel maize endosperm transfer cell–specific gene with a maternal parent-of-origin pattern of expression. Plant Cell 16

Growth of the maize (Zea mays) endosperm is tightly regulated by maternal zygotic and sporophytic genes, some of which are subject to a parent-of-origin effect. We report here a novel gene, maternally expressed gene1 (meg1), which shows a maternal parent-of-origin expression pattern during early stages of endosperm development but biallelic expression at later stages. Interestingly, a stable reporter fusion containing the meg1 promoter exhibits a similar pattern of expression. meg1 is exclusively expressed in the basal transfer region of the endosperm. Further, we show that the putatively processed MEG1 protein is glycosylated and subsequently localized to the labyrinthine ingrowths of the transfer cell walls. Hence, the discovery of a parent-of-origin gene expressed solely in the basal transfer region opens the door to epigenetic mechanisms operating in the endosperm to regulate certain aspects of nutrient trafficking from the maternal tissue into the developing seed

Osmoadaptative responses in the rhizobia nodulating Acacia isolated from south-eastern Moroccan Sahara.

International audienceFour strains of rhizobia nodulating Acacia were isolated from the Moroccan desert soil by trapping with seedlings of Acacia gummifera and Acacia raddiana, and were studied for their ability to tolerate high salinity and dryness conditions. The strains MDSMC 2, MDSMC 18 and MDSMC 50 were halotolerant (they tolerated up to 1 M NaCl) and they accumulated glutamate and mannosucrose. The synthesis of the latter solute, which is the major endogenous osmolyte, is partially repressed in the presence of glycine betaine. The strain MDSMC 34 was less halotolerant (growth inhibited by a concentration greater than 0.5 M NaCl), and accumulated trehalose (as the main endogenous osmolyte) and glutamate. Rhizobia from the Moroccan desert soil were highly resistant to desiccation and their tolerance to dryness was stimulated by osmotic pretreatment. Thus, the accumulation of mannosucrose or trehalose by desert rhizobia represents both an osmoadaptative response and a part of a desiccation tolerance mechanism