Potential outcome of locking compression plate in proximal humerus fractures

Background: Fractures of proximal humerus bone needs immediate attention as the delayed treatment might result in non-union, malunion, and avascular necrosis which are responsible for the pain and dysfunction. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the functional outcome of displaced proximal humerus bone fractures that are surgically managed by locking compression plate and to assess the potential complication.Methods: The present study is the combination of both prospective and retrospective in which 30 patients with either Neer’s three part or Neer’s four-part proximal humerus fractures which were fixed with locking plate by a single surgeon. Functional outcome was measured by Constant Murley scoring (CMS) system.Results: The final follow-up of the study showed that 21 patients (70%) had the result that ranged from good to excellent score whereas, 6 patients (20%) had moderate score and 3 patients had poor score in functional outcome according to CMS system. During follow-up, 3 complications (10%) were encountered.Conclusions: The study concluded that proximal humerus locked compression plate is a valuable surgical method for the fixation of comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus as it is associated with excellent functional outcome. It also provides a stable fixation to permit early mobilization. Regaining medial cortical contact and establishing anatomical reductions decreases the complications that are associated with plate fixation

Concept of Grip Assistive Braking on Four Wheelers

Braking systems in all the segments of vehicles seems to be one of the most crucial developing systems. Many research and developments are carried out in terms of braking of a vehicle in order to enhance the braking efficiency and reduction in stopping distance. This article depicts the concept of assistive braking on four wheelers where we elaborately describe the Braking distance, Thinking distance and Stopping distance after which our concept of braking is proposed with all the technical aspects along with the various components and its efficiency in our real time use. This research article mainly focuses on technical aspects that aim to reduce the reaction time and reflex actions of the driver which in turn is used as a factor to reduce the stopping distance of the vehicle. Various types of biological reactions by a human are observed and then a particular muscular reaction is chosen as a source of intimation for our braking system. When an object is spotted by the driver, the reflex action takes place via a receptor, sensory neurons, spinal cord and from where the muscular reaction takes place. A unique steering with an array of grip sensors is designed and incorporated also with various functions of the vehicle but for this instance, we mainly focus on braking assistance of the vehicle. Thus the unique steering wheel plays the role of connection between vehicle and the driver

A surgical study of serological markers such as C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 in response to postoperative infection in patients with open fractures in a tertiary care hospital

To study the response of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) to postoperative infection in patients with open fractures. Thirty patients with open fractures of extremities within 12 hours of injury were included in study. Blood samples were collected for Postoperative infection is a devastating complication of open fractures. The ideal investigation for early diagnosis of infection should be done before surgery and should be accurate, convenient to patient, cause minimal morbidity. Test such as CRP and IL-6 estimation is utilized in this study. CRP and IL 6 estimation on admission, second and fourth post-op day. All patients underwent surgery and reports evaluated. It was observed that CRP peak on post-op day 4 and IL 6 on postoperative day 2 in patients with infection before clinical evidence of infection. This prospective study includes 30 cases, followed up in ward for a week. Various factors regarding clinical presentation, findings of various investigations, operative treatment had been analyzed. The sensitivity of CRP in our study was 100%, and specificity was 42%. The persistent rise of CRP value seen within the infected group was statistically significant (p<0.05). The present clinical study of estimation of CRP and IL 6 to detect postoperative infection in patients after open fractures is an excellent diagnostic test for early detection and management of infection

The integration of social concerns into electricity power planning : a combined delphi and AHP approach

The increasing acceptance of the principle of sustainable development has been a major driving force towards new approaches to energy planning. This is a complex process involving multiple and conflicting objectives, in which many agents were able to influence decisions. The integration of environmental, social and economic issues in decision making, although fundamental, is not an easy task, and tradeoffsmust be made. The increasing importance of social aspects adds additional complexity to the traditional models that must now deal with variables recognizably difficult to measure in a quantitative scale. This study explores the issue of the social impact, as a fundamental aspect of the electricity planning process, aiming to give a measurable interpretation of the expected social impact of future electricity scenarios. A structured methodology, based on a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Delphi process, is proposed. The methodology is applied for the social evaluation of future electricity scenarios in Portugal, resulting in the elicitation and assignment of average social impact values for these scenarios. The proposed tool offers guidance to decision makers and presents a clear path to explicitl

Applying Bayesian model averaging for uncertainty estimation of input data in energy modelling

Background Energy scenarios that are used for policy advice have ecological and social impact on society. Policy measures that are based on modelling exercises may lead to far reaching financial and ecological consequences. The purpose of this study is to raise awareness that energy modelling results are accompanied with uncertainties that should be addressed explicitly. Methods With view to existing approaches of uncertainty assessment in energy economics and climate science, relevant requirements for an uncertainty assessment are defined. An uncertainty assessment should be explicit, independent of the assessor’s expertise, applicable to different models, including subjective quantitative and statistical quantitative aspects, intuitively understandable and be reproducible. Bayesian model averaging for input variables of energy models is discussed as method that satisfies these requirements. A definition of uncertainty based on posterior model probabilities of input variables to energy models is presented. Results The main findings are that (1) expert elicitation as predominant assessment method does not satisfy all requirements, (2) Bayesian model averaging for input variable modelling meets the requirements and allows evaluating a vast amount of potentially relevant influences on input variables and (3) posterior model probabilities of input variable models can be translated in uncertainty associated with the input variable. Conclusions An uncertainty assessment of energy scenarios is relevant if policy measures are (partially) based on modelling exercises. Potential implications of these findings include that energy scenarios could be associated with uncertainty that is presently neither assessed explicitly nor communicated adequately

2-(2,3,5,6-Tetra­methyl­benzyl­sulfan­yl)pyridine N-oxide

In the title compound, C16H19NOS, the durene ring and the oxopyridyl ring form a dihedral angle of 82.26 (7)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, weak C—H⋯π inter­actions and π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance of 3.4432 (19) Å], together with intra­molecular S⋯O [2.657 (2) Å] short contacts

catena-Poly[[aqua­sodium(I)]-μ-[2,2′-(disulfanedi­yl)bis­(pyridine N-oxide)]-μ-(pyridine-2-thiol­ato 1-oxide)]

There are two monomeric units in the asymmetric unit of the polymeric title compound, [Na(C5H4NOS)(C10H8N2O2S2)(H2O)]n. The NaI ions are six coordinated by four O atoms, one S atom and one water mol­ecule, forming a slightly distorted octa­hedral geometry. An intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond stabilizes the conformation of the mol­ecule. The crystal packing is consolidated by inter­molecular O—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and O—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, π–π inter­actions [with centroid–centroid distances of 3.587 (2) Å] together with weak C—H⋯π inter­actions. The mol­ecules are linked into polymeric chains along the b-axis direction

2-(Mesitylmethyl­sulfan­yl)pyridine N-oxide–18-crown-6 (2/1)

In the title compound, 2C15H17NOS·C12H24O6, the asymmetric unit consists of one N-oxide derivative and one-half of the 18-crown-6 ether, which lies on an inversion centre. In the crown ether, the O—C—C—O torsion angles indicate a gauche conformation of the ethyl­eneoxy units, while the C—O—C—C torsion angles indicate planarity of these segments. In the N-oxide unit, the dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings is 85.88 (12)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions

Very Large and Long-lasting Anisotropies Caused by Sunward Streaming Energetic Ions: Solar Orbiter and STEREO A Observations

The anisotropy of energetic particles provides essential information to help resolve the underlying fundamental physics of their spatial distributions, injection, acceleration, and transport processes. In this work, we report an energetic ion enhancement that is characterized by very large and long-lasting anisotropies observed by STEREO A and Solar Orbiter, which are nearly aligned along the same nominal Parker spiral. This ion enhancement appears at the rising phase of a widespread solar energetic particle event that was associated with the farside coronal mass ejection on 2022 February 15. According to our analysis, the long-lasting anisotropy resulted from the continuous injection of energetic ions from a well-connected particle source located beyond the STEREO A's orbit. Solar Orbiter also observed an interval of very large anisotropy dominated exclusively by sunward streaming ions but with the additional implication that it detected the very early phase of ion injections onto magnetic field lines that newly connected to the particle source, which is likely the first reported event of this kind. These results further illustrate how energetic particle anisotropy information, in particular from multiple observer locations, can be used to disentangle the sources and transport processes of energetic ions, even when their heliospheric context is not simple

Very Large and Long-lasting Anisotropies Caused by Sunward Streaming Energetic Ions: Solar Orbiter and STEREO A Observations

Abstract: The anisotropy of energetic particles provides essential information to help resolve the underlying fundamental physics of their spatial distributions, injection, acceleration, and transport processes. In this work, we report an energetic ion enhancement that is characterized by very large and long-lasting anisotropies observed by STEREO A and Solar Orbiter, which are nearly aligned along the same nominal Parker spiral. This ion enhancement appears at the rising phase of a widespread solar energetic particle event that was associated with the farside coronal mass ejection on 2022 February 15. According to our analysis, the long-lasting anisotropy resulted from the continuous injection of energetic ions from a well-connected particle source located beyond the STEREO A’s orbit. Solar Orbiter also observed an interval of very large anisotropy dominated exclusively by sunward streaming ions but with the additional implication that it detected the very early phase of ion injections onto magnetic field lines that newly connected to the particle source, which is likely the first reported event of this kind. These results further illustrate how energetic particle anisotropy information, in particular from multiple observer locations, can be used to disentangle the sources and transport processes of energetic ions, even when their heliospheric context is not simple