Modelling electrical conductivity of groundwater using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

Electrical conductivity is an important indicator for water quality assessment. Since the composition of mineral salts affects the electrical conductivity of groundwater, it is important to understand the relationships between mineral salt composition and electrical conductivity. In this present paper, we develop an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model for groundwater electrical conductivity based on the concentration of positively charged ions in water. It is shown that the ANFIS model outperforms more traditional methods of modelling electrical conductivity based on the total solids dissolved in the water, even though ANFIS uses less information. Additionally, the fuzzy rules in the ANFIS model provide a categorization of ground water samples in a manner that is consistent with the current understanding of geophysical processes

The Design and Creation of an Interactive E-Book: "Book of Answer"

Interactive E-book is a digital book which the reader can direct the storyline and interact with it. 'The book of answer' is a kind of popular book that reader can interact with. In this project, we aim to develop an PVE game to simulating the process that the reader interact with the computer with the content of the book saved in. We use Python to realize the interactive dialogue process in GUI (Graphical User Interface).https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1187/5/05201

Full Electrostatic Control of Nanomechanical Buckling

Buckling at the micro and nanoscale generates distant bistable states which can be beneficial for sensing, shape-reconfiguration and mechanical computation applications. Although different approaches have been developed to access buckling at small scales, such as the use heating or pre-stressing beams, very little attention has been paid so far to dynamically and precisely control all the critical bifurcation parameters, the compressive stress and the lateral force on the beam. Precise and on-demand generation of compressive stress on individually addressable microstructures is especially critical for morphologically reconfigurable devices. Here, we develop an all-electrostatic architecture to control the compressive force, as well as the direction and amount of buckling, without significant heat generation on micro/nano structures. With this architecture, we demonstrated fundamental aspects of device function and dynamics. By applying voltages at any of the digital electronics standards, we have controlled the direction of buckling. Lateral deflections as large as 12% of the beam length were achieved. By modulating the compressive stress and lateral electrostatic force acting on the beam, we tuned the potential energy barrier between the post-bifurcation stable states and characterized snap-through transitions between these states. The proposed architecture opens avenues for further studies that can enable efficient actuators and multiplexed shape-shifting devices

Pedunculated solitary fibrous tumours arising from the pleura

Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is one of the rare tumours which arise from visceral pleura. Klemperer and Rabin first described SFT as a distinct clinical entity among primary pleural tumoUrs in 1931. Approximately 820 cases have been reported in literature to date. The management of patients with SFT is complete resection of the tumour and follow up of the patient to detect any possible late recurrence. In the present paper, we report two cases of pedunculated solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura that appeared as a wandering chest nodule to which surgical resection undertaken at our hospital. The aim is to summarise our experience in the management of solitary fibrous tumour

Accessing Slow Food Earth Markets: Barriers and Enablers

This research evaluates the accessibility of Slow Food Earth Markets and proposes a model for its improvement. The qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with sixteen Earth Market organisers from nine countries across the world. The results show that the main accessibility barriers for Earth Markets are related to convenience, consistency, communication, and customer psychological factors; these barriers are influenced by the availability of resources from both the supply and demand sides. The study also offers a framework for enabling access to Earth Markets, identifying actors, resources, activities, and desired outcomes. This research contributes to the understanding of how Earth Markets can be used as a platform for developing more accessible events and consequently more sustainable destinations. The results show that balancing authenticity and accessibility will remain a challenge for Slow Food Earth Markets

Selection of metastasis competent subclones in the tumour interior

The genetic evolutionary features of solid tumour growth are becoming increasingly well described, but the spatial and physical nature of subclonal growth remains unclear. Here, we utilize 102 macroscopic whole-tumour images from clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients, with matched genetic and phenotypic data from 756 biopsies. Utilizing a digital image processing pipeline, a renal pathologist marked the boundaries between tumour and normal tissue and extracted positions of boundary line and biopsy regions to X and Y coordinates. We then integrated coordinates with genomic data to map exact spatial subclone locations, revealing how genetically distinct subclones grow and evolve spatially. We observed a phenotype of advanced and more aggressive subclonal growth in the tumour centre, characterized by an elevated burden of somatic copy number alterations and higher necrosis, proliferation rate and Fuhrman grade. Moreover, we found that metastasizing subclones preferentially originate from the tumour centre. Collectively, these observations suggest a model of accelerated evolution in the tumour interior, with harsh hypoxic environmental conditions leading to a greater opportunity for driver somatic copy number alterations to arise and expand due to selective advantage. Tumour subclone growth is predominantly spatially contiguous in nature. We found only two cases of subclone dispersal, one of which was associated with metastasis. The largest subclones spatially were dominated by driver somatic copy number alterations, suggesting that a large selective advantage can be conferred to subclones upon acquisition of these alterations. In conclusion, spatial dynamics is strongly associated with genomic alterations and plays an important role in tumour evolution

Role of defects in ultra-high gain in fast planar tin gallium oxide UV-C photodetector by MBE

We report ultra-high responsivity of epitaxial (SnxGa1-x)2O3 (TGO) Schottky UV-C photodetectors and experimentally identified the source of gain as deep-level defects, supported by first principles calculations. Epitaxial TGO films were grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on (-201) oriented n-type β-Ga2O3 substrates. Fabricated vertical Schottky devices exhibited peak responsivities as high as 3.5×104 A/W at -5V applied bias under 250nm illumination with sharp cutoff shorter than 280nm and fast rise/fall time in milliseconds order. Hyperspectral imaging cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra were examined to find the mid-bandgap defects, the source of this high gain. Irrespective of different tin mole fractions, the TGO epilayer exhibited extra CL peaks at the green band (2.20 eV) not seen in β-Ga2O3 along with enhancement of the blue emission-band (2.64 eV) and suppression of the UV emission-band. Based on hybrid functional calculations of the optical emission expected for defects involving Sn in β-Ga2O3, VGa–Sn complexes are proposed as potential defect origins of the observed green and blue emission-bands. Such complexes behave as acceptors that can efficiently trap photogenerated holes and are predicted to be predominantly responsible for the ultra-high photoconductive gain in the Sn-alloyed Ga2O3 devices by means of thermionic emission and electron tunneling. Regenerating the VGa–Sn defect complexes by optimizing the growth techniques, we have demonstrated a planar Schottky UV-C photodetector of the highest peak responsivity