Paediatric hereditary coproporphyria: a diagnostic challenge

Hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) is a hepatic porphyria, presenting with acute attacks of neurovisceral symptoms. We present a case of a young girl presenting with abdominal pain and vomiting episodes starting with menses. She also had severe hyponatremia and seizures. Laboratory investigations including urine and fecal protoporphyrin were negative, 10% dextrose solution and sodium level correction with supportive treatment was given. With this treatment her condition significantly improved but she presented again after a month with similar complaints at the time of her menses. Genetic testing was done and diagnosis of HCP was made. It can be concluded that considering Porphyrias in the differential diagnosis for repeat episodes of unexplained abdominal pain can help initiate early treatment and prevent complications

Determination of sex of adult human clavicle by discriminant function analysis in Marathwada region of Maharashtra

Background: Determination of biological sex is one of the most important determinations to be made from human remains and is an essential first step in the development of the biological profile in forensics, anthropology and bioarchaeology. The aim of this study was to determine whether sexing of unknown adult human clavicles can be done by applying values of morphometric parameters and formulae generated by present study on adult human clavicles of known sex and to find out the best parameters for sex determination.Methods: Various metric measurements were recorded using osteo metric board, measuring tape, non-elastic thread, sliding calipers and vernier calipers on adult human clavicles.Results: Sex was correctly estimated by using stepwise discriminant function analysis, for the clavicle 93.3 % of males and 94.4% of females, with a total accuracy of 93.7 %. Direct discriminant function analysis, correct estimated sex for the clavicle was 93.9 % in males and 93.3% in females with a total accuracy of 93.7 %.Conclusions: Present study exhibited better classification accuracy for multiple variables than those of single variables. In the clavicle, the most discriminating variables in stepwise analysis are the mid clavicular circumference, posterior curved length, medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3 junction circumference and Weight. In direct analysis, the single most useful variable was the mid clavicular circumference

Sex determination from adult human humerus by discriminant function analysis

Background: Sex determination of unidentified skeletal remains from crime scenes or excavation sites is an important component in the development of the biological profile in forensics, anthropology and bioarchaeology. The purpose of this research is to determine whether sexing of unknown adult human humerus bones can be done by applying values of morphometric parameters and formulae generated by present study on adult human humerus bones of known sex and to find out the best parameters for sex determination.Methods: Various metric measurements were recorded using osteo metric board, measuring tape, non-elastic thread, sliding calipers and Vernier calipers on adult human humerus bones.Results: Sex was correctly estimated by using stepwise discriminant function analysis, for the clavicle 100% of males and 95% of females, with a total accuracy of 98.1%. Direct discriminant function analysis, correct estimated sex for the clavicle was 100% in males and 95% in females with a total accuracy of 98.1%.Conclusions: Present study exhibited better classification accuracy for multiple variables than those of single variables, the most discriminating variables in stepwise analysis are the weight, total length, transverse diameter of head, circumference of midshaft, trochlear width, capitulum width. In direct analysis, the single most useful variable was the transverse diameter of head

Unmasking Rosai-Dorfman disease in a woman with cervical lymphadenopathy: a histopathological insight

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) also called as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a rare benign proliferative self‐limiting disease of the macrophage‐histiocyte cell family. Its etiology is unknown and presents with massive lymphadenopathy. We hereby present a case of a female presenting with massive cervical lymphadenopathy, evening rise in temperature and weight loss. It was initially misdiagnosed as tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy as it is the most common cause of cervical lymphadenopathy in India due to high prevalence of tuberculosis. It was treated with anti-tuberculous drugs, but did not resolve. Eventually neck biopsy was done which showed characteristic histopathologic features including emperipolesis and S100 positivity on immunohistochemistry. The patient was managed conservatively with observation and symptomatic management. Patient underwent spontaneous remission in a few months. The absence of any specific clinical features caused diagnostic difficulty, delaying the diagnosis. This report highlights the importance of considering RDD in the differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy, particularly in tuberculosis-endemic regions

Pramlintide, the synthetic analogue of amylin: physiology, pathophysiology, and effects on glycemic control, body weight, and selected biomarkers of vascular risk

Pramlintide is a synthetic version of the naturally occurring pancreatic peptide called amylin. Amylin and pramlintide have similar effects on lowering postprandial glucose, lowering postprandial glucagon and delaying gastric emptying. Pramlintide use in type 1 and insulin requiring type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with modest reductions in HbA1c often accompanied by weight loss. Limited data show a neutral effect on blood pressure. Small studies suggest small reductions in LDL-cholesterol in type 2 DM and modest reductions in triglycerides in type 1 DM. Markers of oxidation are also reduced in conjunction with reductions in postprandial glucose. Nausea is the most common side effect. These data indicate that pramlintide has a role in glycemic control of both type 1 and type 2 DM. Pramlintide use is associated with favorable effects on weight, lipids and other biomarkers for atherosclerotic disease

A case of subretinal hemorrhage due to choroidal tear in right eye following blunt trauma in a 35 years old female

A 35-year-old Asian Indian female presented to our institute with a history of fall on road and accidental hit by stone over her right eyebrow, grossly no anterior segment abnormality was noted. On dilated fundus examination, a superotemporal choroidal tear was noted which led to choroidal hemorrhage. Patient was managed conservatively by giving oral steroids and tablet vitamin C. After 2 months of treatment there was complete resolution of the lesion with a final best corrected visual acuity of 6/6

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF WILD AND CULTIVATED VARIETIES OF ERANDA (RICINUS COMMUNIS LINN.) ROOT

In Ayurveda, Eranda (Ricinus communis Linn; Euphorbiaceae) root is highlighted for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic action and used as one of the ingredient in many compound formulations. Ricinus communis L. is available both in wild as well as cultivated state. Due to its high demand and less supply of wild variety root, its cultivated variety is fulfilling the market demand. Hence, the present study is carried to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of both the varieties of Eranda root. Decoction of both wild and cultivated varieties of Eranda root (10.8 ml/kg) were taken as test drugs, Phenyl butazone (100 mg/kg) as reference standard and experiment was carried out on Wistar strain albino rats following carrageenan induced paw edema model. Students unpaired t test was applied for analyzing the obtained data, after one, three and five hours. Wild variety root decoction, at studied dose (10.8 ml/kg) level, showed marked decrease in paw edema, in comparison to normal control rats, after one hour (25.25%) and five hours (27.79%) of carrageenan injection. The wild variety root provides additional anti-inflammatory effect, in comparison to reference standard (in percentage form), after one hour (13.63%) and five hours (22.18%) whereas the cultivated variety decreased the inflammation after one hour (15.15%) and increase the inflammation after five hours (02.50%). Decoction of wild variety, of Ricinus communis L. root provided considerable suppression of carrageenan induced paw edema compared to its cultivated variety

Second-harmonic Generation and Optical Mixing Processes

Electrical Engineerin