Effect of Humic Acid on Spirulina plantisis Production and Analysis of Nutrient Contents

Spirulina is a microscopic blue-green alga in the shape of a spiral coil, used as a human dietary supplement, as well as a whole food, which was cultivated in different concentrations of humic acid such as 0.1%, to 0.7 %. The protein, chlorophyll, fatty acids levels measured at the end of the experiment in all concentrations. Among the concentration the maximum biomass was obtained from 0.2% of humic acid treated medium. The lower amount of biomass was obtained from above 0.5%.In this study, it was found that increased concentration of humic acid decreases the biomass of Spirulina plantensis. Thus it was concluded in this work, that lower concentration of humic acid increases the growth and nutrient contents of Spirulina plantensiss

ANTIFOULING EFFECTS OF GRACILARIA EDULIS TO SCREEN THE BIOCHEMICAL AND CYTOTOXICITY ASSAY IN MALLIPATTINAM HARBOUR

Ship operators have faced the problem of biofouling, or the adhesion and growth of organisms on submerged, man-made surfaces, for at least two millennia. Barnacles and other sessile marine invertebrates contribute to biofouling, which raises the frictional resistance of a ship's hull and increases the power and fuel needed to maintain speed. More than a century ago, scientists and engineers realized that a deeper understanding of the biology of the organisms involved particularly with regard to larval settlement and metamorphosis as well as adhesives and adhesion would be necessary to solve the biofouling problem. Using barnacles has been a valuable tool for this research. One strategy for studying innovative non-toxic anti-fouling materials used in this study is to take advantage of some marine organisms' intrinsic ability to manufacture chemical defense compounds in order to maintain an epibiont-free surface. In this study Gracilaria edulis was intensely analyzed for its biochemical constituents like protein and lipid content along with the cytotoxicity analysis. These newly developed materials can be helpful probes to further our understanding of these processes, even though basic research on topics like the nature of the interaction between organismal adhesives and the substrate or the ability of settling larvae to perceive surface cues has not had a significant impact on the development of most current biofouling control technologies

A study of genetic polymorphism in ATP binding cassette protein gene (ABCA1) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 DM is a complex polygenic disorder with high glucose levels characterized by impaired insulin resistance and secretion along with dysregulation of lipid and protein metabolism. Eventhough the number of studies describing the epidemiology of diabetes over the last 20 years has been extraordinary, DM still remains an enigma due to its multifactorial etiology. Development of dyslipidemia with hypertriglyceridemia, elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) and low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol) concentration may be a harbinger of future diabetes. ATP- binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a subfamily of proteins, involved in transportation of phospholipids and cholesterol from the intracellular compartments to lipid-poor apolipoproteins. ABCA1 gene is located on the chromosome 9 region q31.1. ABCA-1 is also known as cholesterol efflux regulator protein and mediates the efflux of cholesterol and phospholipids to lipid-poor apolipoproteins (apo-A1 and apoE), which then form nascent high-density lipoproteins. Down regulation of ABCA1, disrupts the cell's ability to remove cholesterol from its cytoplasm, leading to pathologic atherogenesis. Although dyslipidemia in type 2 DM is being treated meticulously, there is augmented increase in the onset of cardiovascular complications. The qualitative and quantitative derangement of HDL cholesterol in type 2 DM may reflect an impaired ABCA-1 pathway. This study is done to find the association between ABCA-1 gene polymorphism and type 2 DM, which might serve as a revelation of the ambiguity involved in treatment of dyslipidemia in type 2 DM. OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the genotype and allele frequencies of ABCA1 gene polymorphism (R219K & C69T ) in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetic individuals 2. To find out the association between ABCA1 gene polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes mellitus METHODOLOGY: The study design was a case control study and each group consisted of 50 subjects. Analysis of genotype was performed by PCR-RFLP method and the biochemical parameters like FPG, HbA1c, lipid profile were analyzed by autoanalyzer. CONCLUSION: The findings of our study showed that there was noteworthy difference in the genotype distribution of both C69T and R219K among cases when compared with the controls. However, the difference was not statistically evident, the reason for which might be due to the small sample size. Our study results showed that the presence of dominant allele alone (A allele in R219K and T allele in C69T) is a risk factor for the development of pathological changes in HDL-c metabolism in type 2 DM. This reflects that there is an association between ABCA1 gene polymorphism and type 2 DM which can be reinforced by conducting the study with a larger sample size

Comparison of three different doses of dexmeditomidine as adjuvant to bupivacaine in supra clavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb orthopaedic surgeries: A study of 60 cases

BACKGROUND AND GOALS OF STUDY: The aim and objective of the study is to compare the three different doses of dexmeditomidine and to know the optimal dose of dexmeditomidine as adjuvant to bupivacaine in supra clavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb orthopedic surgeries. METHODS: We studied 60 ASA l & ll patients undergoing upper limb orthopaedic surgeries including fracture humerus and fracture radius and ulna under supra clavicular brachial plexus block done by paresthesia technique. Patients were randomly allocated to three groups. Group A:(n-20) – 30 ml 0.33% bupivacaine + dexmeditomidine 50mcg. Group B:( n-20) – 30ml 0.33% bupivacaine + dexmeditomidine 75mcg. Group C: (n-20) – 30ml 0.33% bupivacaine + dexmeditomidine 100mcg. Patients were evaluated for sensory & motor block onset and duration, duration of analgesia, sedation score, complications, hemodynamic parameters including non-invasive blood pressure, pulse rate, saturation intra operatively and post operatively. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Sensory block onset was longer in group A (16.3±3.31) than group B (12.4±2.5) which is longer than group C (7.35±1) and motor block onset also longer in group A (20.4±2.7) than group B (16.15±2.89) which is longer than group C (12.15±2.81). The duration of both sensory and motor block was longest with group C (sensory mean 722.5±55.1minutes, motor mean 704±41.4minutes) compared with group B (sensory mean 625.5±72.7 minutes, motor mean 604±98.6 minutes) which is longer than group A (sensory mean 432±69.8minutes, motor mean 426.5±81.8). The mean duration of analgesia was dose dependent (tableB5) with C (736±67.1) >B (642±76.5) > A (480.5±81.3) minutes. We conclude that dexmeditomidine 100µg is an optimal dose to provide prolonged post-operative analgesia without significant side effects

ACCURATE AND TOTAL ACCURATE DOMINATING SETS OF INTERVAL GRAPHS

ABSTRACT Interval graphs have drawn the attention of many researchers for over 30 years. They are extensively studied and revealed their practical relevance for modeling problems arising in the real world. In this paper we discuss various cases in which the dominating set constructed by the algorithm becomes an accurate dominating set, total accurate dominating set and also the cases where it is not an accurate dominating set and a total accurate dominating set

Sensor networks security based on sensitive robots agents. A conceptual model

Multi-agent systems are currently applied to solve complex problems. The security of networks is an eloquent example of a complex and difficult problem. A new model-concept Hybrid Sensitive Robot Metaheuristic for Intrusion Detection is introduced in the current paper. The proposed technique could be used with machine learning based intrusion detection techniques. The new model uses the reaction of virtual sensitive robots to different stigmergic variables in order to keep the tracks of the intruders when securing a sensor network.Comment: 5 page

Reciprocal response of nitrogen for enhancing growth and proximate compositions of marine microalga Tetraselmis sp. under low saline conditions

326-332The present investigation was aimed to study reciprocal response of nitrogen to enhance the cell multiplication and proximate balance from marine microalgae Tetraselmis sp. under low saline conditions. The strain has been isolated from Yellow Sea, South Korea and the algae were cultured in the different nitrogen concentrations (0N, 1N & 2N) under low saline conditions (15, 20 and 25 psu).The results revealed that the Tetraselmissp. have significantly higher (P 0.001) optical density, cell density, biomass concentration and total lipid in moderate nitrogen concentration (1N) under 25psu of salinity condition. However, the total protein and carbohydrate were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the high nitrogen concentration (2N) under 20 psu of salinity. The present study reveals that the combined effects made a huge impact on growth and biochemical variation in the microalgae

Biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Sargassum wightii and its antibacterial activity against multi-resistant human pathogens

839-844In association with human health there is a growing need to develop nanomaterials using biological approach which must be ecofriendly, non-toxic, and cheaper. Therefore, the present research analyses were framed to synthesis and characterize silver nanoparticles from the extracts of seaweed S. wightii. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were subjected to UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, X-Ray Diffraction and antibacterial activity of agar well diffusion method. The formation of Ag-NPs was confirmed through the presence of an intense absorption peak at 420 nm using UV-Visible spectroscopy. The HPLC profile showed the presence of six secondary metabolites. The FT-IR spectra of biosynthesized AgNp of present biomolecules are amino acids, esters, polysaccharides, phenols, alkanes, chlorophyll, protein amide-I band, protein amide II band, carboxylic group, glycosidic linkage, carbohydrate, and proteins etc. The morphology of biosynthesized AgNps as reported to be spherical in shape was documented by SEM. The nanoparticles are crystalline in structure was confirmed by XRD. The results of antibacterial activity against the gram positive and gram-negative bacteria of human pathogens confirmed and elucidate that the seaweed synthesized nanoparticles could play a profound and reliable role in nano based medicine therapy

Improved DASH Architecture for Quality Cloud Video Streaming in Automated Systems

In modern times, multimedia streaming systems that transmit video across a channel primarily use HTTP services as a delivery component. Encoding the video for all quality levels is avoided thanks to fuzzy based encoders' ability to react to network changes. Additionally, the system frequently uses packet priority assignment utilising a linear error model to enhance the dynamic nature of DASH without buffering. Based on a fuzzy encoder, the decision of video quality is made in consideration of the bandwidth available. This is a component of the MPEG DASH encoder. The Fuzzy DASH system seeks to increase the scalability of online video streaming, making it suitable for live video broadcasts through mobile and other devices