Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), excellent source of phytochemicals

Ocimum sanctum also known as Tulsi or Holybasil is an aromatic plant and it belongs to the family Lamiaceae. It is widely used as medicine to cure various ailments. The objective of the study was to analyse different phytochemical components of tulsi leaf. The dried powder of Tulsi (50g) was placed in the thimble of Soxhlet apparatus and the experiment was done separately for methanol, ethanol and distilled water. The percentage yield was 8%w/w,7%w/w, and 5%w/w respectively. The study reveals that various secondary metabolites such as carbohydrate, tannin, flavonoids, saponins, glycoside, terpenoid, fatty acids and phenol are present in tulsi leaf extract. From the quantitative analysis it was found that high amount of phenols are present in Tulsi leaf ranging from 1.6 to 7.6 percentages. Consequently the amount of alkaloid and flavonoids ranged from 0.91 to 1.28 and 1.56 to 2.24 percentages respectively. From the GC-MS analysis of methanolic extract three compounds were identified as major constituents viz., Eugenol , Benzene, 1, 2-dimethoxy- 4- (2- propenyl), α - Farnesene and Cyclohexane, 1, 2, 4- triethenyl. Thesephyto-chemicals are known to possess antiseptic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antistress, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, hypotensive and antioxidant properties. Hence it is more beneficial to use tulsi asan herbal medicine as compare to chemically synthesized drug

Effect of dietary zinc on the growth and metabolic enzyme activities of golden mahseer (Tor putitora) fry

The golden mahseer (Tor putitora) is an important and high valued sport and food fish of national and international importance. Therefore for promotion of golden mahseer, proper mineral supplementation in early developmental stages is very important. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary zinc on growth, survivaland physiological response of Tor putitora fry. One thousand eight hundred fry (avg.wt 54.35±3.09 mg) were randomly distributed into 6 treatment groups with triplicates each. Six iso-nitrogenous (40±0.02% to 41.44±0.01% crude protein) semi-purified diets were prepared with graded levels of dietary zinc. Zinc sulphate was added as the dietary zinc source to the basal diet. The results indicated that specific growth rate (SGR) was of value 2.52 ±0.23 gm of T. putitora fry which increased with dietary zinc levels up to a concentration of 40 mg Zn Kg-1 in diet. The zinc dependent metabolic enzymes and antioxidant enzymes was also observed to be highest in groups supplemented with 40 mg zinc/kg feed. The overall results of the present study suggest the efficacy of dietary zinc on growth, survival and physiological response of golden mahseer fry in order to garner the possibility of establishing the species to commercial aquaculture

Constrained analytical interrelations in neutrino mixing

Hermitian squared mass matrices of charged leptons and light neutrinos in the flavor basis are studied under general additive lowest order perturbations away from the tribimaximal (TBM) limit in which a weak basis with mass diagonal charged leptons is chosen. Simple analytical expressions are found for the three measurable TBM-deviants in terms of perturbation parameters appearing in the neutrino and charged lepton eigenstates in the flavor basis. Taking unnatural cancellations to be absent and charged lepton perturbation parameters to be small, interrelations are derived among masses, mixing angles and the amount of CP-violation.Comment: To be published in the Springer Proceedings in the Physics Series under the heading of the XXI DAE-BRNS Symposium (Guwahati, India

Performance Evaluation of \u3cem\u3eKharif\u3c/em\u3e and \u3cem\u3eRabi\u3c/em\u3e Fodder Sorghum in Namsai District of Arunachal Pradesh

Deficiency of feed and fodder accounts for half of the total loss in dairy farming therefore, forages are called as backbone of livestock industry. The scarcity of green forages and grazing resources in the country has made the livestock to suffer continuously with malnutrition resulting in their production potentiality at sub-optimum level as compared to many developed nations (Anonymous, 2012). Arunachal Pradesh is well known for its ever green vegetation and biodiversity under hilly ecosystem. Though, it is situated at remotest part of country but possess huge scope of livestock farming. Namsai district of Arunachal Pradesh is a bordering district of Assam and having huge potential of milk production and its marketing which may help to improve the economic condition and poverty eradication of rural people. Cow is a major dairy animal here, however, the milk production capacity is very low as compared to other parts of the country. Dairy cow are reared in century old traditional way therefore, there are several areas of dairy management which needs improvement. Scarcity of feed and fodder is one of the major bottleneck which needs to be addressed urgently. Namsai district has very limited number of fodder crop and farmers mainly depend on non-conventional, public grazing land and forest vegetation. KVK Lohit (Namsai district) has introduced fodder sorghum in rainy and winter season for the first time in the district purposefully to improve the fodder availability under organized dairy farming in Namsai district

Comparative analysis of carboxymethyl cellulose and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide - low-solid nondispersed drilling mud with respect to property enhancement and shale inhibition

During drilling, different problems are encountered that can interfere with smooth drilling processes, including the accumulation of cuttings, reduced penetration rates, pipe sticking, loss of wellbore stability, and loss of circulation. These problems are generally encountered with conventional drilling mud, such as the bentonite-barite mud system. Formation damage is the most common problem encountered in bentonite mud systems with high solid content. In this work, we aimed to formulate two low-solid nondispersed (LSND) muds: carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-LSND mud and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA)-LSND mud. A comparative analysis was performed to evaluate their property enhancements. LSND muds aid in maintaining hole stability and proper cutting removal. The results of this work show that the addition of both CMC and PHPA helps to improve drilling fluid properties; however, the PHPA-LSND mud was found to be superior. Shale swelling is a major concern in the petroleum industry, as it causes various other problems, such as pipe sticking, low penetration rates, and bit wear. The effect of these two LSND polymer muds in inhibiting shale swelling was analyzed using shale collected from the Champhai district of Mizoram, India

Grand unification in the minimal left-right symmetric extension of the standard model

The simplest minimal left-right symmetric extension of the standard model is studied in the high energy limit, and some consequences of the grand unification hypothesis are explored assuming that the parity breaking scale is the only relevant energy between the electro-weak scale and the unification point. While the model is shown to be compatible with the observed neutrino phenomenology, the parity breaking scale and the heavy boson masses are predicted to be above 10^7 TeV, quite far from the reach of nowadays experiments. Below that scale only an almost sterile right handed neutrino is allowed with a mass M \approx 100 TeV

NEW SELF-GRAVITATIONAL OSCILLATORY EIGENMODE PATTERNS OF SOLAR PLASMA WITH BOLTZMANN-DISTRIBUTED ELECTRONS

We attempt to propose a simplified theoretical model to study new stationary states of the nonlinear self-gravitational fluctuation dynamics of the solar plasma with the zero-inertia electrons against weakly nonlinear perturbation within the framework of the Jeans homogenization assumption. This is based on a bi-fluidic approach with the thermal electrons treated as the Boltzmann-distributed species. The joint effects of space-charge polarization, sheath-formation, and bi-layer plasma-boundary interaction through gravito-electrostatic interplay in a spherically symmetric geometry are considered. Applying a standard multiscale technique, a unique form of extended Korteweg-de Vries-Burger (e-KdVB) equation with a new selfconsistent linear sink is methodologically developed. The origin of the unique sink lies in the spherically symmetric self-gravity contributed by the massive ions. A numerical shape-analysis with multi-parameter variation depicts the co-existence of two distinct classes of new eigenmode excitations. The fluctuation patterns evolve as oscillatory soliton-like and oscillatory shock-like patterns in judicious plasma conditions under the adiabatic electronic response. Their oscillations, arising due to resonant and non-resonant coupling phenomena with the background spectral components, get gradually damped out due to the sink. This scientific study allows us to conjecture that the model supports self-gravitational solitary (shock) waves having tails (fronts) composed of a sequence of slightly overlapping solitons with smoothly varying characteristic parameters. Our results are compared with the earlier theoretical model predictions, on-board multispace satellite data and spacecraft observations highlighting tentative future scopes

Iron Excess in Drinking Water of Darrang District of Assam and Some Adjoining Areas

A study on the quality of drinking water in Darrang District (Assam) and some adjoining areas carried out during 1975-79 has been reported. A total of I126 water samples (962 treated and 164 untreated) collected from different      units/water distribution centres of army interest were analysed. It was observed that the underground waters of six deep tube wells were generally soft, acidic and highly ferruginous in character. All physicochemical constituents except the iron content were within the limits as prescribed for drinking purposes by ICMR. Raw waters drawn from deep tube wells and shallow wells were found to have iron content as high as 21.0 ppm and 24.36 ppm respectively. About half of the total treated water samples analysed (484 No out of 962) during the 5-year period contained iron beyond 1.0 ppm

Lowering solar mixing angle in inverted hierarchy without charged lepton corrections

In the present work, the inverted hierarchical neutrino mass model which is characterised by opposite CP parity in the first two mass eigenvalues $(m_1,-m_2,m_3)$, is studied in order to lower the predicted value of solar mixing angle $\tan^2\theta_{12}$, from the tri-bimaximal mixing (TBM), without sacrificing the conditions of maximal atmospheric mixing angle and zero reactor angle. The present attempt is different from the earlier approach where the correction from the charged lepton mass matrix is included in the leptonic mixing matrix to lower the prediction on solar mixing angle. The lowering of the solar mixing angle without charged lepton correction, can be obtained through the variation of the input value of a flavour twister term present in the texture of neutrino mass matrix having a 2-3 symmetry. The present analysis agrees with the latest experimental bounds on neutrino mass parameters and also represents an important result on the survival of the inverted hierarchical neutrino mass models having opposite CP parity in the first two eigenvalues.Comment: 10 pages, two figures. Accepted for publication in Journal of Physics G:Nuclear and Particle Physic