“Domain Of Supply Chain Management - A State Of Art”.

A supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution channels that encompasses the procurement of materials, production, assembly and delivery of product or service to the customer. The management of the supply chain and the roles of various actors involved differ from industry to industry and company to company. As a result Supply Chain Management (SCM) has become a vital issue for manufacturers, professionals and researchers. It is felt that to manage the supply chain effectively entire structure of supply chain must be understood properly. This paper attempts to provide the reader a complete picture of supply chain management through a systematic literature review. It presents a state of art on SCM by systematically arranging main activities in supply chain. In addition the step-by-step approach for understanding the breadth and depth of Supply Chain is proposed which consequently explores the domain of SCM.A supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution channels that encompasses the procurement of materials, production, assembly and delivery of product or service to the customer. The management of the supply chain and the roles of various actors involved differ from industry to industry and company to company. As a result Supply Chain Management (SCM) has become a vital issue for manufacturers, professionals and researchers. It is felt that to manage the supply chain effectively entire structure of supply chain must be understood properly. This paper attempts to provide the reader a complete picture of supply chain management through a systematic literature review. It presents a state of art on SCM by systematically arranging main activities in supply chain. In addition the step-by-step approach for understanding the breadth and depth of Supply Chain is proposed which consequently explores the domain of SCM.A supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution channels that encompasses the procurement of materials, production, assembly and delivery of product or service to the customer. The management of the supply chain and the roles of various actors involved differ from industry to industry and company to company. As a result Supply Chain Management (SCM) has become a vital issue for manufacturers, professionals and researchers. It is felt that to manage the supply chain effectively entire structure of supply chain must be understood properly. This paper attempts to provide the reader a complete picture of supply chain management through a systematic literature review. It presents a state of art on SCM by systematically arranging main activities in supply chain. In addition the step-by-step approach for understanding the breadth and depth of Supply Chain is proposed which consequently explores the domain of SCM

Oncogenic KRAS-induced feedback inflammatory signaling in pancreatic cancer: An overview and new therapeutic opportunities

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains highly refractory to treatment. While th

Development of Moisture Prediction Model for Tea using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy

Moisture is the most essential parameter for tea leaves for storage and consumption stage as it affects the physical and chemical aspects of tea leaves with which it relates the stability and freshness the tea leaves for a long time. The most essential parameter which affects the quality of tea leaves is moisture for post harvesting, processing, storage and transport. The main aim of this study is to development procedure for moisture content measurements of fresh tea leaves using measurement acquired by electrical properties. Method This relation is obtained the frequency range within between 100 kHz to 300 MHz and moisture content ranges between 2%-75%. A good relation between moisture content and correlate with variations in electrical properties viz. IZI, Ѳz, R, Cp, Cs has been observed by partial least square regression technique. Result Moisture prediction model was developed by applying electrical properties and that the new technique it was observed more accuracy obtained using a single parameter as compared with that moisture measurement. Conclusion the model which is developed can evaluated with in performance the moisture content a commercial moisture meter which is expected

Density Independent and Temperature Compensated Moisture Prediction Model for Agricultural Products Using Impedance Analyzer: A Review

Agricultural products play an essential role in stabilizing the country economy. Third largest sector of Indian economy is agricultural products. In agricultural products the important factor for post harvesting, processing, storage and transport, is moisture, which affect their quality. In modern agriculture fast, non-destructive and reliable sensing technique for determination of moisture content in agricultural crops is required to prevent the losses and to improve efficiency of production. Various techniques are available for moisture sensing in agricultural products and better results have been achieved with use for these techniques. The performance of developed method for moisture sensing is comparable with that of commercial moisture meter. The most reliable solution for measuring the moisture content of agricultural products and non-destructive method is use of bulk density dielectric function. This paper reviews the area of moisture determination methods for various agricultural products and summarizing the various electrical methods for moisture determination

Evaluating the environmental impact of crude glycerol purification derived from biodiesel production: A comparative life cycle assessment study

In recent decades, surplus crude glycerol has been generated in large amounts as a waste product of biodiesel production, leading to bottlenecks in the supply chain of the biodiesel industry. This waste glycerol represents an important potential renewable feedstock and platform chemical; however, its purification is often needed for further processing. Advancements towards glycerol purification are being made using sustainable purification techniques aimed at improving the biodiesel industry's environmental footprint. Many studies focussing on various techniques to purify glycerol can be found in the literature; however, very few studies to evaluate the environmental impacts of the purification processes have been reported. This paper provides a critical investigation on the cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of three different processes for purifying crude glycerol, namely, physicochemical treatment and membrane purification (PMP) processes, vacuum distillation purification (VDP) processes and ion exchange purification (IEP) processes having a functional unit (FU) of 1000 kg of purified glycerol. These purification processes were modelled using Aspen plus software v12.1 in combination with Super Pro Designer v13. CCaLC2 (Carbon Calculations over the Life Cycle of Industrial Activities) was used to measure the environmental impacts associated with each process. By following the ISO 14044:2006 methodology and utilising the CCaLC2 tool, seven different types of potential environmental impacts have been investigated, which include carbon footprint, water footprint, acidification, eutrophication, ozone layer depletion, photochemical smog and human toxicity. Sensitivity analysis of the LCA was carried out using the response surface method (RSM) to determine the most effective parameter within the LCA. The total carbon footprint of the PMP, VDP and IEP processes are 3466.82, 1745.72 and 2239.71 kg CO2 eq. FU−1 respectively. The LCA study determined that waste generated as a result of crude glycerol impurities from the three processes had one of the highest environmental impacts on the overall process. For the PMP and IEP processes, the raw materials used in the physicochemical treatment also contribute significantly to the carbon footprint and other environmental impacts. Lastly, aspects concerning the environmental impacts from the PMP glycerol purification process have been addressed by analysing the raw materials from different sources accompanied by altered waste disposal methods (i.e. the incineration of generated wastes as opposed to landfilling) in an attempt to reduce the overall environmental impacts. For the PMP process, which has the highest carbon footprint, usage of differently sourced raw materials and altered waste disposal treatments resulted in 39% reduction in total carbon footprint and 54% reduction in the total ozone layer depletion. Sensitivity analysis of the LCA shows that the glycerol content within the crude glycerol was the most significant parameter

Biosorption of Mn (II) by Spirogyra verrucosa collected from Manganese Mine Water

Mining industries frequently generates acid mine drainage (AMD) either by its operating or abandoned mines which are often characterized by an elevated levels of certain heavy metals, sulphate, low pH and some other toxic impurities in mine water creates environmental and ecological problems. Present study planned to suggest role of alga Spirogyra verrucosa in Manganese (Mn) removal by biosorption process from the mine water of Manganese mines of Nagpur District, Vidarbha Region, Maharashtra. The biosorption of Mn(II) ions from aqueous solution by using dead green algal (S.verrucosa) biomass was investigated by studying effect of pH, temperature, quantity of biosorbent, contact time as well as initial metal ion concentration. The optimized values obtained with respect to these parameters clearly indicates that pH 5, temperature 30°C, biosorbent quantity 1.0 gm/l, contact time 120 min. and initial metal ion concentration 50mg/l were the basic requirement for the biosorption of Mn(II) ions by dead algal biomass. Also, the biosorption kinetic and isotherm modeling applied to the equilibrium data for biosorption of Mn(II) ions onto alga reveals the fitness of the pseudo-second-order rate expression (R2=0.994) as well as the suitability of Langmuir (R2=0.859) and Freundlich (R2=0.761) isotherm models with an indication of the applicability of this metal ion-dried algal system for removal of Mn(II) ions in a monolayer biosorption as well as heterogenous surface conditions. However, comparatively biosorption equilibrium was better described by Langmuir isotherm model with monolayer biosorption capacity of S.verrucosa biomass 21.80 mg/g. Also, the maximum removal 40.66 mg/g (80.20%) of Mn(II) ion by alga under optimized conditions promises the potential use in mine water treatment technology

Impact of a centralized osteoporosis coordinator on post-fracture osteoporosis management: a cluster randomized trial

SUMMARY: We conducted a cluster randomized trial evaluating the effect of a centralized coordinator who identifies and follows up with fracture patients and their primary care physicians about osteoporosis. Compared with controls, intervention patients were five times more likely to receive BMD testing and two times more likely to receive appropriate management. INTRODUCTION: To determine if a centralized coordinator who follows up with fracture patients and their primary care physicians by telephone and mail (intervention) will increase the proportion of patients who receive appropriate post-fracture osteoporosis management, compared to simple fall prevention advice (attention control). METHODS: A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in small community hospitals in the province of Ontario, Canada. Hospitals that treated between 60 and 340 fracture patients per year were eligible. Patients 40 years and older presenting with a low trauma fracture were identified from Emergency Department records and enrolled in the trial. The primary outcome was ‘appropriate’ management, defined as a normal bone mineral density (BMD) test or taking osteoporosis medications. RESULTS: Thirty-six hospitals were randomized to either intervention or control and 130 intervention and 137 control subjects completed the study. The mean age of participants was 65 ± 12 years and 69% were female. The intervention increased the proportion of patients who received appropriate management within 6 months of fracture; 45% in the intervention group compared with 26% in the control group (absolute difference of 19%; adjusted OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3–4.1). The proportion who had a BMD test scheduled or performed was much higher with 57% of intervention patients compared with 21% of controls (absolute difference of 36%; adjusted OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 3.0–7.0). CONCLUSIONS: A centralized osteoporosis coordinator is effective in improving the quality of osteoporosis care in smaller communities that do not have on-site coordinators or direct access to osteoporosis specialists

Combined KRAS-MAPK pathway inhibitors and HER2-directed drug conjugate is efficacious in pancreatic cancer

Targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains clinically unsuccessful. We aim to develop a MAPK inhibitor-based therapeutic combination with strong preclinical efficacy. Utilizing a reverse-phase protein array, we observe rapid phospho-activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in PDAC cells upon pharmacological MAPK inhibition. Mechanistically, MAPK inhibitors lead to swift proteasomal degradation of dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6). The carboxy terminus of HER2, containing a TEY motif also present in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), facilitates binding with DUSP6, enhancing its phosphatase activity to dephosphorylate HER2. In the presence of MAPK inhibitors, DUSP6 dissociates from the protective effect of the RING E3 ligase tripartite motif containing 21, resulting in its degradation. In PDAC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, combining ERK and HER inhibitors slows tumour growth and requires cytotoxic chemotherapy to achieve tumour regression. Alternatively, MAPK inhibitors with trastuzumab deruxtecan, an anti-HER2 antibody conjugated with cytotoxic chemotherapy, lead to sustained tumour regression in most tested PDXs without causing noticeable toxicity. Additionally, KRAS inhibitors also activate HER2, supporting testing the combination of KRAS inhibitors and trastuzumab deruxtecan in PDAC. This study identifies a rational and promising therapeutic combination for clinical testing in PDAC patients