Cr cluster characterization in Cu-Cr-Zr alloy after ECAP processing and aging using SANS and HAADF-STEM

International audienceThe precipitation of nano-sized Cr clusters was investigated in a commercial Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr (wt.%) alloy processed by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) and subsequent aging at 550 °C for 4 hours using small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements and high-angle annular dark-field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The size and volume fraction of nano-sized Cr clusters were estimated using both techniques. These parameters assessed from SANS (d~3.2 nm, Fv~1.1 %) agreed reasonably with those from HAADF-STEM (d ~2.5 nm, Fv~2.3%). Besides nano-sized Cr clusters, HAADF-STEM technique evidenced the presence of rare cuboid and spheroid sub-micronic Cr particles about 380-620 nm mean size. Both techniques did not evidence the presence of intermetallic CuxZry phases within the aging conditions

Coincidence Angular Correlation in Electron Impact Single or Double Ionisation of Atoms and Molecules

Experimental results obtained with our multi-parameter multi-coincidence spectrometer are presented for the (e,3e) double ionisation of Ar and (e,2e) single ionisation of small molecules. The (e,3e) measurements are discussed in terms of competition between the two double ionisation processes present under the chosen kinematics, and qualitative conclusions are given. The results for the ionisation of H2 and the outer orbital of N2 are compared with the predictions of the most elaborate available theoretical models for description of the molecular ionisation process. Overall reasonable agreement is observed and tentative interpretations for the discrepancies are discussed

Everolimus for patients with mantle cell lymphoma refractory to or intolerant of bortezomib: multicentre, single‐arm, phase 2 study

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106815/1/bjh12780.pd

Online Monitoring Scheme Using PCA through Kullback-Leibler Divergence Analysis Technique for Fault Detection

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a common tool in the literature and widely used for process monitoring and fault detection. Traditional PCA is associated with the two well-known control charts, the Hotelling’s T2 and the squared prediction error (SPE), as monitoring statistics. This paper develops the use of new measures based on a distribution dissimilarity technique named Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) through PCA by measuring the difference between online estimated and offline reference density functions. For processes with PCA scores following a multivariate Gaussian distribution, KLD is computed on both principal and residual subspaces defined by PCA in a moving window to extract the local disparity information. The potentials of the proposed algorithm are afterwards demonstrated through an application on two well-known processes in chemical industries; the Tennessee Eastman process as a reference benchmark and three tank system as an experimental validation. The monitoring performance was compared to recent results from other multivariate statistical process monitoring (MSPM) techniques. The proposed method showed superior robustness and effectiveness recording the lowest average missed detection rate and false alarm rates in process fault detection

Покращення електричних властивостей сонячної елемента типу ITO/Si/GaAs/Si/ITO при зміні розташування проміжного шару GaAs

Через важливість інтеграції напівпровідників III-V групи періодичної системи елементів із технологією Si для майбутніх фотоелектричних пристроїв у статті було вивчено вплив положення шару GaAs на електричну поведінку сонячної батареї з переходом p-i-n ITO/Si/GaAs/Si/ITO за допомогою програмного забезпечення моделювання SILVACO 2D-Atlas. Характеристики струм-напруга (I-V) і потужність-напруга (P-V) були досліджені при кімнатній температурі та стандартних умовах освітлення (AM1.5G). Було виділено струм короткого замикання (ISC), напругу холостого ходу (VOC), максимальну потужність (Pmax) і коефіцієнт заповнення (FF). Результати показали, що продуктивність сонячної батареї ITO/Si/GaAs/Si/ITO покращується, коли змінюється положення шару GaAs, оскільки її електричні параметри зростають, коли шар GaAs розрашований ближче до катодного електрода. Сонячний елемент ITO/p-Si/Si/GaAs/n-GaAs/ITO продемонстрував найкращі електричні характеристики порівняно з іншими сонячними елементами: ISC = 3.51 mA/cm2, VOC = 1.16 V, Pmax = 3.29 mW/cm2 and FF = 80.80 %.Due to the importance of integrating III-V semiconductors with Si technology for future photovoltaic devices. In this paper, the influence of GaAs layer position on the electrical behavior of ITO/Si/GaAs/Si/ITO p-i-n junction solar cell has been studied using SILVACO 2D-Atlas simulation software. Current-voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (P-V) characteristics have been investigated at room temperature and under standard illumination conditions (AM1.5G). Short-circuit current (ISC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), maximum power (Pmax) and fill factor (FF) were extracted. The results showed that the performance of the ITO/Si/GaAs/Si/ITO solar cell improves when the position of the GaAs layer changes, as the electrical parameters of this solar cell increases when the GaAs layer approaches the cathode electrode. The ITO/p-Si/Si/GaAs/n-GaAs/ITO solar cell showed the best electrical performance compared to the rest of the solar cells, which was characterized by ISC = 3.51 mA/cm2, VOC = 1.16 V, Pmax = 3.29 mW/cm2 and FF = 80.80 %

Характеристики та електричні параметри сонячних наноелементів з кремнієвих нанодротів (SiNWs)

Сонячні елементи з кремнієвих нанодротів (SiNWs) стають важливим напрямом наукових досліджень, особливо в галузі нових технологій у фотоелектричній енергетиці. У роботі вивчаються статичні характеристики (I-V, P-V) та різні електричні параметри (ISC, VOC, Imax, Vmax, Pmax та FF) сонячного наноелементу з SiNWs в залежності від кількості нанодротів (n) при кімнатній температурі та під дією глобальних (AM1.5G) спектрів освітлення за допомогою програмного забезпечення 2D-Atlas SILVACO. Результати моделювання показують, що сонячний елемент з кремнієвих нанодротів (SiNWs) характеризується гарними електричними характеристиками та високою продуктивністю. Збільшення кількості нанодротів – це хороша технологія для поліпшення поведінки та електричних характеристик сонячних елементів з SiNWs.Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) solar cells are becoming an important axis of scientific research especially in the field of new technologies for photovoltaic energy. In this paper, static characteristics (I-V, P-V) and different electrical parameters (ISC, VOC, Imax, Vmax, Pmax and FF) of the SiNWs solar nanocell are studied according to the number of nanowires (n) at room temperature and under global (AM1.5G) illumination spectra using 2D-Atlas SILVACO software. The simulation results show that the silicon nanowires (SiNWs) solar nanocell is characterized by good electrical characteristics and high performance. Increasing the number of nanowires is a good technique for improving the behavior and electrical performance of the SiNWs solar cells

An in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction study of precipitation kinetics in a severely deformed Cu-Ni-Si alloy

In situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction was used to study the decomposition kinetics of a metastable Cu–2.5Ni–0.6Si (wt%) alloy after severe plastic deformation by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and high-pressure torsion (HPT). The measurements were performed at room temperature and also at high temperatures of 723, 823 and 973 K in order to determine the ageing effect after processing. Two forms of precipitates, namely ?-Ni2Si and ?-Ni5Si2, were identified and the sequence of their appearance was well established for ECAP processing and ageing. There was no detection of either a modulated structure resulting from spinodal decomposition or an ordered structure nucleated from the modulated structure. An X-ray hybrid pixel array detector (XPAD-S140 detector) permitted the detection of the nucleation stages of the ?-Ni2Si phase that began soon after 24 s of ageing at 723 K. There was also no trace of any amorphization of the matrix phas

Effects of wheat-flour biscuits fortified with iron and EDTA, alone and in combination, on blood lead concentration, iron status, and cognition in children: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Background: Lead is a common neurotoxicant and its absorption may be increased in iron deficiency (ID). Thus, iron fortification to prevent ID in populations is a promising lead mitigation strategy. Two common fortificants are ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and ferric sodium EDTA (NaFeEDTA). EDTA can chelate iron and lead. Objectives: Our study objective was to determine the effects of iron and EDTA, alone and in combination, on blood lead (BPb) concentration, iron status, and cognition. Design: In this 2 × 2 factorial, double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 457 lead-exposed Moroccan children were stratified by school and grade and randomly assigned to consume biscuits (6 d/wk at school) containing 1) ∼8 mg Fe as FeSO4, 2) ∼8 mg Fe as NaFeEDTA that contained ∼41 mg EDTA, 3) ∼41 mg EDTA as sodium EDTA (Na2EDTA), or 4) placebo for 28 wk. The primary outcome was BPb concentration; secondary outcomes were iron status and cognitive outcomes from subtests of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test. These outcomes were measured at baseline and endpoint. All data were analyzed by intention-to-treat. Results: The adjusted geometric mean BPb concentration at baseline was 4.3 μg/dL (95% CI: 4.2, 4.3 μg/dL), and at endpoint these values were 3.3 μg/dL (95% CI: 3.1, 3.5 μg/dL) for FeSO4, 2.9 μg/dL (95% CI: 2.7, 3.0 μg/dL) for NaFeEDTA, 3.3 μg/dL (95% CI: 3.1, 3.5 μg/dL) for EDTA, and 3.7 μg/dL (95% CI: 3.5, 3.9 μg/dL) for placebo. We found an effect of iron (P = 0.009) and EDTA (P = 0.012) for reduced BPb concentrations at endpoint, but no iron × EDTA interaction. Iron fortification improved iron status, but there were no positive effects of iron or EDTA on cognitive test scores. Conclusions: Food fortification with iron and EDTA additively reduces BPb concentrations. Our findings suggest that NaFeEDTA should be the iron fortificant of choice in lead-exposed populations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01573013.ISSN:0002-9165ISSN:1938-320

EC91-219 Nebraska Swine Report

This 1991 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats

Measuring Price Effects of Concentration in Mixed Oligopoly: An Application to the Swedish Beef-slaughter Industry

mixed oligopoly, cooperatives and investor-owned firms, concentration, market power, cost efficiency, Swedish beef market, NEIO, L11, L13, Q13,