A Sensitivity Analysis for Quality Measures of Quantitative Association Rules

There exist several fitness function proposals based on a combination of weighted objectives to optimize the discovery of association rules. Nevertheless, some differences in the measures used to assess the quality of association rules could be obtained according to the values of such weights. Therefore, in such proposals it is very important the user’s decision in order to specify the weights or coefficients of the optimized objectives. Thus, this work presents an analysis on the sensitivity of several quality measures when the weights included in the fitness function of the existing QARGA algorithm are modified. Finally, a comparative analysis of the results obtained according to the weights setup is provided.MICYT TIN2011-28956-C02-00Junta de Andalucía P11-TIC-752

Intrinsic Localized Modes Observed in the High Temperature Vibrational Spectrum of NaI

Inelastic neutron measurements of the high-temperature lattice excitations in NaI show that in thermal equilibrium at 555 K an intrinsic mode, localized in three dimensions, occurs at a single frequency near the center of the spectral phonon gap, polarized along [111]. At higher temperatures the intrinsic localized mode gains intensity. Higher energy inelastic neutron and x-ray scattering measurements on a room-temperature NaI crystal indicate that the creation energy of the ground state of the intrinsic localized mode is 299 meV.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures Revised version; final versio

Influence of Magnetism on Phonons in CaFe2As2 Via Inelastic X-ray Scattering

In the iron pnictides, the strong sensitivity of the iron magnetic moment to the arsenic position suggests a significant relationship between phonons and magnetism. We measured the phonon dispersion of several branches in the high temperature tetragonal phase of CaFe2As2 using inelastic x-ray scattering on single-crystal samples. These measurements were compared to ab initio calculations of the phonons. Spin polarized calculations imposing the antiferromagnetic order present in the low temperature orthorhombic phase dramatically improve agreement between theory and experiment. This is discussed in terms of the strong antiferromagnetic correlations that are known to persist in the tetragonal phase.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; added additional information and references about spin fluctuation

Observation of a continuous phase transition in a shape-memory alloy

Elastic neutron-scattering, inelastic x-ray scattering, specific-heat, and pressure-dependent electrical transport measurements have been made on single crystals of AuZn and Au_{0.52}Zn_{0.48} above and below their martensitic transition temperatures (T_M=64K and 45K, respectively). In each composition, elastic neutron scattering detects new commensurate Bragg peaks (modulation) appearing at Q = (1.33,0.67,0) at temperatures corresponding to each sample's T_M. Although the new Bragg peaks appear in a discontinuous manner in the Au_{0.52}Zn_{0.48} sample, they appear in a continuous manner in AuZn. Surprising us, the temperature dependence of the AuZn Bragg peak intensity and the specific-heat jump near the transition temperature are in favorable accord with a mean-field approximation. A Landau-theory-based fit to the pressure dependence of the transition temperature suggests the presence of a critical endpoint in the AuZn phase diagram located at T_M*=2.7K and p*=3.1GPa, with a quantum saturation temperature \theta_s=48.3 +/- 3.7K.Comment: 6 figure

Cluster Dynamical Mean-field calculations for TiOCl

Based on a combination of cluster dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) and density functional calculations, we calculated the angle-integrated spectral density in the layered $s=1/2$ quantum magnet TiOCl. The agreement with recent photoemission and oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments is found to be good. Th e improvement achieved with this calculation with respect to previous single-site DMFT calculations is an indication of the correlated nature and low-dimensionality of TiOCl.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, improved version as publishe

Cracking down on bribery

Do crackdowns on bribery impact corrupt behavior in the long run? In this paper we observe the long-run impact of a short-term punishment institution (i.e., a crackdown) on bribery behavior in a lab setting. We conduct lab experiments in two countries with cultures that differ in corruption norms, and which experience very different levels of bribery: the US and Pakistan. Bribery is implemented in the laboratory as a repeated three-player sequential game, consisting of a firm, a government official and a citizen. The design contains three phases: pre-crackdown, crackdown, and post-crackdown. Results show that post-crackdown behavior is not significantly different from pre-crackdown behavior in either country. We conclude that short-term crackdowns may impact behavior in the short run, depending on the strength of the existing corruption norms in the country. More importantly, in our setting crackdowns are completely ineffective in the long run, as corrupt behavior rebounds to pre-crackdown levels

An Express Management System With Graph Recurrent Neural Network for Estimated Time of Arrival

Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) is a crucial task in the logistics and transportation industry, aiding businesses and individuals in optimizing time management and improving operational efficiency. This study proposes a novel Graph Recurrent Neural Network (GRNN) model that integrates external factor data. The model first employs a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)-based external factor data embedding layer to categorize and combine influencing factors into a vector representation. A Graph Recurrent Neural Network, combining Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and GNN models, is then used to predict ETA based on historical data. The model undergoes both offline and online evaluation experiments. Specifically, the offline experiments demonstrate a 5.3% reduction in RMSE on the BikeNYC dataset and a 6.1% reduction on the DidiShenzhen dataset, compared to baseline models. Online evaluation using Baidu Maps data further validates the model’s effectiveness in real-time scenarios. These results underscore the model’s potential in improving ETA predictions for urban traffic systems

Explaining varieties of corruption in the Afghan justice sector

© 2015 Taylor & Francis. Judicial reform in Afghanistan is seriously undermined by systemic corruption that has resulted in low legitimacy of the state and weak rule of law. This article reviews the main shortcomings in the Afghan justice system with reference to 70 interviews conducted in Kabul. Building on legal pluralism and a political economic approach, the shortcomings and causes and consequences of corruption in the Afghan justice sector are highlighted. These range from low pay, resulting in bribery; criminal and political intrusion into the judiciary; non-adherence to meritocracy, with poorly educated judges and prosecutors; and low funding in the judicial sector resulting in weak case tracking and human rights abuses in the countryside. This is followed by sociological approaches: understanding corruption from a non-Western approach and emphasis on religion, morality and ethics in order to curb it