27 research outputs found
Census politics in deeply divided societies
Population censuses in societies that are deeply divided along ethnic, religious or linguistic lines can be sensitive affairs – particularly where political settlements seek to maintain peace through the proportional sharing of power between groups. This brief sets out some key findings from a research project investigating the relationship between census politics and the design of political institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kenya, Lebanon and Northern Ireland
Workforce interventions to improve access to emergency contraception pills: a systematic review of current evidence in low- and middle-income countries and recommendations for improving performance
Trends and Determinants of Comprehensive Knowledge of HIV among Adolescents and Young Adults in Nigeria: 2003 - 2013
Abstract This study examined comprehensive knowledge of HIV (CKH) and its determinants among young people aged 15-24 years in Nigeria between 2003 and 2013. Secondary analysis was conducted on three rounds of NDHS 2003, 2008 and 2013 data. CKH increased significantly between 2003 and 2013, but the level reached in 2013 fell short of the global expectation for young people. Its significant determinants included gender, age, educational attainment, place and region of residence, household wealth status and uptake of HIV test. There is need to sustain all on-going effective youth-focused interventions and programmes to meet the comprehensive knowledge needs for all young people in Nigeria.Keywords: Young people, HIV and AIDS, Comprehensive knowledge, Nigeria, Determinants Cette étude a examiné la connaissance approfondie du VIH (CCV) et ses déterminants chez les jeunes gens âgés de 15 à 24 ans au Nigeria entre 2003 et 2013. Une analyse secondaire a été menée sur trois séries de données de NDHS 2003, 2008 et 2013. La CCV a augmenté de manière significative entre 2003 et 2013, mais le niveau atteint en 2013 était inférieur aux attentes mondiales pour les jeunes. Ses déterminants importants comprennent le genre, l'âge, le niveau de scolarité, le lieu et la région de résidence, l'état de la richesse des ménages et l'adoption de l‘analyse pour le dépistage du VIH. Il est nécessaire de soutenir toutes les interventions et programmes efficaces axés sur les jeunes pour répondre aux besoins globaux en connaissances de tous les jeunes du Nigeria Mots-clés: Jeunes, VIH et SIDA, connaissance compréhensive, Nigeria, déterminant
A profile on HIV prevalence and risk behaviors among injecting drug users in Nigeria: Should we be alarmed?
Objective: Injecting drug use is now recognized as a significant risk factor for HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated prevalence and correlates of HIV among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional design using respondent driven sampling was conducted in six states in 2010. Weighted HIV prevalence and injecting risk behaviors calculated using RDS analytic tool. Logistic regression was used to determine correlates of HIV infection, stratified by state. Results: Total numbers of IDUs ranged from 197 in Lagos to 273 in Cross River and Oyo states. HIV prevalence was highest in Federal Capital Territory (FCT) at 9.3%, Kaduna 5.8%, Oyo 5.1%, Kano 4.9%, CR 3.3% and Lagos 3.0%. Although \u3e 90% of participants were male, females had higher HIV prevalence in all states surveyed except FCT (range: 7.4% in CR to 37.7% in Kano). Logistic regression showed that females were significantly more likely to be HIV positive in Kano [OR = 33.2, 95% CI: 6.8–160.4], Oyo [AOR = 15.9, 95% CI: 3.69–68.51], Lagos [OR = 15.5, 95% CI: 2.41–99.5] and Kaduna states [AOR = 19.6, 95% CI: 4.4–87.6]. For injecting risk behavior, only receptive sharing was associated with HIV [AOR = 7.6, 95% CI: 1.2–48.7] and [AOR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.04–0.92] in Oyo and Kaduna states respectively. Conclusions: Considerable heterogeneity in the prevalence of HIV and associated risk behaviors exist among IDUs across Nigeria. Females had higher HIV prevalence among IDUs in five of six states, suggesting a need for targeted interventions for this hidden subgroup. Further research is needed to understand HIV transmission dynamics of IDUs in Nigeria. Community-based opioid substitution therapy and needle exchange programs should be implemented without delay
Prevalence of Internalized Homophobia and HIV Associated Risks among Men who have Sex with Men in Nigeria
This study assessed the level of internalized homophobia and associated
factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nigeria. Using
respondent driven sampling, MSM were recruited in Lagos and Ibadan
between July and September, 2006. Internalized homophobia was assessed
as a negative composite score using an 11-item scale. A total of 1,125
MSM were interviewed. About 44.4% self-identified as homosexual or gay
while 55% regarded themselves as bisexual. About a third of the
respondents reported internalized homophobia. With homosexual/gay men
as reference, respondents who self-identified as bisexual were two
times more likely [AOR 2.1; 95 CI: 1.6 – 2.9, p<0.001] to
report internalized homophobia. Those who were HIV positive were also
twice as likely to report internalized homophobia compared to those who
were HIV negative [AOR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2 – 2.7, p=0.004]. As
internalized homophobia impedes acceptance of HIV prevention
programming, identifying MSM who experience internalized homophobia is
integral to the success of HIV prevention programming in NigeriaCette étude a évalué le niveau de l'homophobie
intériorisée et les facteurs qui y sont liés chez les
hommes qui ont des rapports sexuels avec des hommes (HSH) au Nigeria. A
l’aide d'un échantillonnage basé sur les interviews,
les HSH ont été recrutés à Lagos et à Ibadan
entre les mois de juillet et septembre, 2006. L'homophobie
intériorisée a été évaluée par un indice
négatif composite en utilisant une échelle de 11 items. Au
total, 1.125 HSH ont été interviewés. À peu
près 44,4% se sont identifiés comme des homosexuels tandis
que 55% se considéraient comme des bisexuels. Environ un tiers des
interviewés ont signalé l'homophobie intériorisée.
En se servant des hommes homosexuels comme référence, les
interviewés qui se sont identifiés comme bisexuels avaient
deux fois plus la possibilité [AOR 2,1; IC 95: 1,6 - 2,9, p
<0,001] de signaler l'homophobie intériorisée. Ceux qui
étaient séropositifs avaient également deux fois plus la
possibilité de signaler l'homophobie intériorisée par
rapport à ceux qui étaient séronégatifs [AOR: 1,8;
IC à 95%: 1,2 - 2,7, p = 0,004]. Etant donné que l'homophobie
intériorisée empêche l'acceptation de la prévention
de la programmation du VIH, l'identification des HSH qui éprouvent
l'homophobie intériorisée fait partie intégrante de la
réussite de la prévention de la programmation du VIH au
Nigéri
Population-based prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus, HIV, syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia in male injection drug users in Lagos, Nigeria
There is little research on injecting drug use in Nigeria. We investigated the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B and C, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among male injection drug users (IDUs) in Lagos. Male IDUs (N 328) were recruited through respondent-driven sampling. Participants completed an interview about their sexual and injecting risk behaviours and were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBV), hepatitis C antibody (HCV), HIV and syphilis, as well as genital chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections. Three-quarters of IDUs (74%) reported injecting drugs in the past one month although most did not share needles (92%) and the majority obtained sterile needles from pharmacists (87%). Estimated HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia prevalences were 7.8%, 7.7%, 0.9%, 1.9%, 0.0%, and 3.7%, respectively. The burden of HIV is presently low among IDUs in Lagos. Changes in accessibility to sterile needles at pharmacists would likely have a deleterious effect on IDUs’ health. HBV vaccination and HCV prevention programmes for IDUs are urgently needed
The potential of Miscanthus to harbour known cereal pathogens
Miscanthus holds great potential as a bioenergy crop and Ireland has ideal conditions for its cultivation, however limited information is available about the interactions between Miscanthus and soil fungi which are pathogenic to other crops grown in Ireland and the UK. Miscanthus may therefore be susceptible to soil-borne pathogens present in the soil prior to crop establishment or may harbour pathogens and facilitate transmission of disease to other crops. The response of Miscanthus to a number of fungal species was recorded to determine the vulnerability of Miscanthus to some of the most important cereal pathogens in Ireland. The microbial species were selected based on their presence in soil and their known pathogenicity towards cereal crops currently grown in Ireland. A number of fungi caused a significant level of infection on detached Miscanthus leaves: Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium poae (Fusarium sporotrichiella var. poae) and Sordaria fimicola caused the greatest level of symptoms while Fusarium culmorum caused the greatest visual disease symptoms in living tissue during whole plant tests. The results suggest that Miscanthus is susceptible to a number of cereal fungal pathogens, and that of all the species investigated Fusarium species pose the greatest threat to Miscanthus plantings in Ireland. Fusarium is a known causative agent of blight in cereals, thus its ability to survive both on living and discarded Miscanthus tissue is important as it suggests that Miscanthus could act as a 'disease bridge' for cereal pathogens