16 research outputs found

    Evaluating 5-nitrothiazoles as trypanocidal agents

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    OA Monitor ExerciseOA Monitor ExerciseThe growth inhibitory properties of a 5-nitrothiazole series was evaluated against Trypanosoma brucei. A subset of related compounds displayed the greatest potency towards the parasite while exhibiting little cytotoxic effect on mammalian cells, with this anti-parasitic activity being dependent on expression of a type I nitroreductase by the trypanosome. We conclude that the 5-nitrothiazole class of nitroheterocycle may represent new leads in the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis.BAV acknowledges financial support by FONDECYT Postdoctorado 313036

    VDR gene polymorphisms on risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in an adult population spanish

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    La osteoporosis es una enfermedad esquelética compleja multifactorial con un fuerte componente genético, caracterizada por un deterioro en la microestructura ósea que causa fragilidad ósea y un incremento en el riesgo de fracturas osteoporóticas. El gen VDR podría estar fuertemente involucrado en el riesgo de fractura. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la asociación entre polimorfismos del gen VDR y la susceptibilidad a fractura de cadera (FC). Se reclutaron 147 pacientes andaluces (102 con factores de riesgos de fracturas osteoporóticas y 45 con metabolismo óseo normal). El aislamiento de ADN se realizó a partir de 300 mL de sangre, genotipando 2 SNPs: BsmI y FokI mediante PCRRFLP (PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). Todas las fracturas fueron confirmadas por rayos-X mientras que el riesgo de fracturas a través de la escala FRAX y DMO. Los resultados se evaluaron estadísticamente, considerando significativo valores de p<0,05. La edad media de los pacientes fracturados fue de 68,5 años, cuyas frecuencias alélicas fueron 64.7% G y 68.6% C para BsmI y FokI, respectivamente. La prevalencia de estos SNPs en la población caso fueron: 43,3% GA, 43.3% GG y 13,7% AA para BsmI y 49,0% CC, 39,20% CT, 11,8% TT para FokI. Las frecuencias de los alelos y genotipos no mostraron diferencias entre pacientes con riesgo de fracturas y pacientes control. Las frecuencias están acorde con las demostradas en HapMap para población europeacaucásica. No se encontró ninguna asociación significativa entre estos SNPs y la susceptibilidad a las FC en la población adulta andaluza.Osteoporosis is a multifactorial complex skeletal disease with strong genetic component, characterized by a deterioration of bone microstructure that causes bone fragility and an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. VDR gene could be strongly involved in the risk of fracture. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to hip fracture (HF). 147 Andalusian patients were recruited (102 with risk factors for osteoporotic fractures and 47 with normal bone metabolism). DNA isolation was performed from 300 mL of blood, genotyping 2 SNPs: BsmI and FokI by PCR-RFLP (PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). All fractures were confirmed by X-rays while the risk of fractures through FRAX level and BMD. The results were statistically evaluated, considering significant p-values <0.05. The average age of fractured patients was 68.5 years, whose allele frequencies were 64.7% G and 68.6% C for BsmI and FokI, respectively. Prevalence of these SNPs in the case population were: 43.3% GA, 43.3% GG and 13.7% AA BsmI and 49.0 % CC, 39.2% CT, 11.8% TT for FokI. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes showed no differences between patients with and without risk of hip fracture. The frequencies are agree to HapMap for European-Caucasian population. It was found no significant association between these SNPs and susceptibility to HF in the adult population of Andalusia

    Novel 3-nitrotriazole-based amides and carbinols as bifunctional anti-Chagasic agents.

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    3-Nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-based amides with a linear, rigid core and 3-nitrotriazole-based fluconazole analogs were synthesized as dual functioning antitrypanosomal agents. Such compounds are excellent substrates for type I nitroreductase (NTR) located in the mitochondrion of trypanosomatids and, at the same time, act as inhibitors of the sterol 14α-demethylase (T. cruzi CYP51) enzyme. Because combination treatments against parasites are often superior to monotherapy, we believe that this emerging class of bifunctional compounds may introduce a new generation of antitrypanosomal drugs. In the present work, the synthesis and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of such compounds is discussed.This work was supported in part by internal funds of the Radiation Medicine Department at NorthShore University HealthSystem. Experiments on T. cruzi CYP51 were funded by NIH (GM067871, to G.I.L.). In vitro screenings against parasites were funded by DNDi. For that project, DNDi received funding from the following donors: Department for Internationl Development (DFID), U.K.; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), USA; Reconstruction Credit Institution-Federal Ministry of Education and Research (KfW-BMBF), Germany; and Directorate-General for International Cooperation (DGIS), The Netherlands. B.A.-V. acknowledges financial support by FONDECYT Postdoctorado 3130364

    Distribución del carbono en residuos orgánicos y su interacción con elementos metálicos, nutrientes y/o contaminantes.

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    Universalmente se hace necesario y urgente implementar políticas de uso de residuos orgánicos en los suelos, tanto por la necesidad de disponer de estos residuos, como también por la necesidad apremiante de recuperar el nivel orgánico del sistema edáfico tan dañado, y muchas veces erosionado, por el mal uso o por la sobre-explotación de él. Para hacer uso racional de dichos residuos orgánicos es necesario un conocimiento adecuado de la composición de ellos, para saber su aporte en elementos beneficiosos al suelo como también de posibles contaminantes, y muy especialmente es necesario conocer algunas de sus propiedades, ya que son estas las que ellos pueden aportar al suelo para las reacciones fisico-químicas y biológicas que se desarrollan en el sistema adáfico. En ese sentido se estudian 3 importantes residuos orgánicos: lodos procedentes de Planta La Farfana de EMOS, aserrín y corteza. El estudio incluye la evaluación de la composición orgánica de estos residuos, en su cuantía y calidad. Además, se incluye una evaluación del comportamiento de las fracciones orgánicas de estos residuos frente a la interacción de elementos catiónicos, aquellos que constituyen nutrientes esenciales en el suelo para plantas y microorganismos (Ca, Mg y Fe), y también contaminantes como Cd, Zn y Cu

    Evaluación de la cesión de nutrientes y metales pesados en perfiles de suelos y suelos adicionados con biosólidos

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    Se propone una nueva metodología para hacer el seguimiento de los metales pesados y nutrientes en suelos tratados con residuos orgánicos eventualmente peligrosos y que reemplaza el uso de lisímetros. El método consiste en hacer una extracción acuosa de los perfiles de suelo de 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 y 40-50 cm de profundidad. Se determinaron iones metálicos y fósforo soluble en las soluciones acuosas y P total, C y N en los perfiles de suelo. Se pudo observar que no hay contaminación en las distintas capas del suelo. Si se comparan los testigos con las muestras de las parcelas que recibieron lodo en cuanto a P soluble, en ninguna de ellas se detecta cesión de este elemento al agua de extracción. Los elementos metálicos nutrientes como Mg y Fe se detectan, pero no se incrementan sustancialmente en un año de tratamiento. Los metales pesados como Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Mn y Zn se encuentran por debajo de los límites de detección del método utilizado (Absorción Atómica) tanto en testigos como extractos de suelos tratados con biosólidos indicando que no hay riesgos en la aplicación ya que no se alcanzan niveles peligrosos. Los resultados que se presentan corresponden a extractos de suelos de la VII región: bosque adulto tratado con dos dosis de lodo, equivalentes a 400 y 800 Kg de N por hectárea y se presenta también Tabla con el contenido de metales pesados y nutrientes en los dos primeros perfiles de los mismos suelos. Si se comparan los suelos testigo con los suelos tratados se observa que no hay cambios importantes. Los mismos estudios se hicieron en la V y VI región encontrándose resultados equivalentes

    Organic carbon balance in Chilean volcanic soils after human intrusion and under different management practices

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    It is well known that humified soil organic matter ( SOM) plays a central role in soil fertility due to its chemical and physical properties, especially by sustaining soil biological and related ecological equilibrium. Soil organic matter quantity and quality needs to be preserved in order to maintain soil productivity. In this study total organic carbon contents and their distribution were determined in several volcanic ash derived soils of Chile. Carbon balances are expressed in terms of a labile fraction (alkali-extractable less than 10.000 Dalton and polysaccharide compounds) and a stable fraction ( fulvic, humic and humine compounds). The effects of different agronomic management on soil organic matter ( SOM) quality and quantity are estimated and compared between agricultural and virgin forest soil sites. The results indicate that soils under native forest show a C level higher than agricultural soils. After human intrusion the stable C ( m.w. > 10,000 Daltons), viewed as a measurement of the humification grade, shows a mean value of 70% over the total C and follows the order: ultisols ('Rojo arcillosos') > andisols-placandepts ('Nadis') > andisols-distrandepts ('Trumaos'). C balance demonstrates that in agricultural soils the soluble C, or 'labile C' is increased and accounts for 12-30% of the total C; these organic compounds contribute largely to the solubilization, mobility and availability of plant nutrients but also enhance losses of organic carbon by lixiviation. By using the carbon balance methodology discussed in this work, changes of quality and quantity of SOM can be followed up. The SOM of Chilean volcanic soils is being degraded after human intrusion; this needs to be considered in cultivation of these soils in order to preserve their fundamental properties

    Chemical characterization of sewage sludges in chile and their potential utilization as amendment to reclaim soils for forestation purposes

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    Soils open for forestation in Chile are characterized by their very low organic carbon content; therefore, new forest plantations, needed to restore soil ecological equilibria, are scarcely developed. Stabilized sewage sludge contain organic compounds which have been demonstrated can serve as good soil amendments. To evaluate their actual uses in Chile it is necessary to characterize the carbon (C)-distribution pattern of such sludges in order to foresee their potential contribution for soil reclamation and plant growth, acting both as a source of stable C-reservoir and as readily available C-source. The molecular weight (m.w.) distribution and carbon balance in Chilean sewage sludges are quite similar to soil humus and some woody by-products, as sawdust and bark dust. Total C varies from 30 to 35%, N from 5 to 9%, and P from 10,000 to 12,000 ppm. No significant content was found for heavy metals. The C-balance indicates that around 70% of total-C is under stabilized forms as humine and humic macromolecule structures. The sewage sludge can be considered as good amendments for forest soils, especially in areas heavily eroded and depleted of natural humus. Their soluble-C fractions (13% of total-C) will serve as good energy starter source to strengthen indigenous soil microbial ecology, while their high m.w. fractions (humic acid-like and humine-like macromolecules) will serve both as good humus reservoir and as microelement frame in soils treated with such sewage sludges
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