The evaluation of fatalities resulting from gastrointestinal bleeding and peritonitis forensic autopsies

1998-2002 yılları arasında otopsileri yapılan toplam 27 GİS kanama ve peritonit kaynaklı ölüm olgusu (6 GİS kanama ve 21 peritonit) saptanmış olup, olguların hiç birinde ölüme müessir travmatik değişim saptamamıştır. Olguların 21 'i erkek (% 77.78) ve 6'sı kadın (% 22.22) olup, yaş dağılımı 6T ve 70 yaşlar arası 5 (% 18.51), 51-60 yaşlar arası 5 (% 18.51), 41-50 yaşlar arası 3 (% 11.12), 31-40 yaşlar arası 4 (% 14.82), 21-30 yaşlar arası 4 (% 14.82), 20 yaş altı 6 (% 22.22) olarak belirlenmiştir. Olgulardan 9'unun ölü olarak bulunduğu, 6 olgunun hastaneye ölü olarak getirildiği, 3 olgunun ani ölüm olduğu bildirilmiştir. Hastanede ölen 3 olgudan 2'sinin başka hastalıklar nedeniyle tedavi edilirken gelişen mide kanaması ve peritonit sonucu öldükleri ve 1 olgunun da mide kanaması için öpere edildikten sonra öldüğü anlaşılmıştır. Aniden fenalaşma öyküsü ile hastaneye kaldırılan 6 olgunun ise kısa bir süre içinde hastanede öldükleri bildirilmiştir. Mikroskobik incelemede olgulardan birinde gastrit ve aktif duodenit, 1 olguda kronik kolit, 1 olguda duodenum mukozasında hemorajik nekroz ve 1 olguda da özafagusta venektazi ile karaciğerde siroz saptanmıştır. Peritonit kaynaklı 21 ölüm olgusunda peritonit kaynağı değerlendirildiğinde; olguların 6'sında (% 28.57) mide ülseri perforasyonu ve 4 olguda da duodenum ülseri perforasyonu (% 19.04) kaynaklı olduğu saptanmıştır. Mide-duodenum ülser perforasyonu; peritonit olgularının yarıya yakınında (% 47.62) sebep olarak saptanmış olup literatür verileri ile uyumlu bulunmuştur. İki olguda ise peritonit varlığına rağmen kaynak tespit edilememiştir. Adli otopsilerde sık olarak rastlanmayan GİS kanama ve peritonit kaynaklı ölüm olgularına ait post-mortem bulgular klinik çalışmalara katkıda bulunmak amacıyla sunulmuştur.In retrospective analysis of all autopsy cases between the years 1998 and 2002, we detected 6 fatal gastrointestinal bleeding and 21 peritonitis-related fatalities. Of these cases, 21 (77.78 %) were male and 6 (22.22 %) were female. There was 5 cases in 61-70 age group (18.51 %), 5 in 51-60 (18.51 %), 3 in 41-50 (11.12 %), 4 in 31 -40 (14.82 %), 4 in 21 -30 age groups (14.82 %). The number of the cases aged lower than 20 was 6 (22.22 %). There was no reported history of prior disease in 24 cases. Post-operative death was detected to be only in 1 case after operation for gastrointestinal bleeding. In 2 cases of hospital deaths, bleeding occurred in the course of the treatment for various diseases other than peptic ulcer. Microscopic and macroscopic evaluation of the cases revealed gastrjtis and active duodenitis in 1 case, chronic colitis in 1, hemorrhagic necrosis of duodenal mucosa in 1 and venectasia in esophagus together with cirrhosis of the liver in 1 case. In peritonitis-related death cases, the origin of the peritonitis was detected to be gastric ulcer perforation in 6 (28.57 %), duodenal ulcer perforation in 4 (19.04 %). Peptic ulcer-related perforation constituted almost half of these cases (47.62 %) being consistent with the literature. In 2 cases, the source of the perforation could not be determined

Directional solidification of Zn-Al-Cu eutectic alloy by the vertical Bridgman method

In the present work, the effect of growth rate and temperature gradient on microstructure and mechanical properties of Zn-7wt.%Al-4wt.%Cu eutectic alloy has been investigated. Alloys prepared under steady-state conditions by vacuumed hot filing furnace. Then, the alloys were directionally solidified upward with different growth rates (V=11.62-230.77 mm/s) at a constant temperature gradient (G=7.17 K/mm) and with different temperature gradients (G=7.17-11.04 K/mm) at a constant growth rate (V=11.62 mm/s) by a Bridgman furnace. The microstructures were observed to be lamellae of Zn, Al and broken lamellae CuZn4 phases from quenched samples. The values of eutectic spacing, microhardness and ultimate tensile strength of alloys were measured. The dependency of the microstructure and mechanical properties on growth rate and temperature gradient were investigated using regression analysis

Directional solidification of Zn-Al-Cu eutectic alloy by the vertical Bridgman method

In the present work, the effect of growth rate and temperature gradient on microstructure and mechanical properties of Zn-7wt.%Al-4wt.%Cu eutectic alloy has been investigated. Alloys prepared under steady-state conditions by vacuumed hot filing furnace. Then, the alloys were directionally solidified upward with different growth rates (V=11.62-230.77 mu m/s) at a constant temperature gradient (G=7.17 K/mm) and with different temperature gradients (G=7.17-11.04 K/mm) at a constant growth rate (V=11.62 mu m/s) by a Bridgman furnace. The microstructures were observed to be lamellae of Zn, Al and broken lamellae CuZn4 phases from quenched samples. The values of eutectic spacing, microhardness and ultimate tensile strength of alloys were measured. The dependency of the microstructure and mechanical properties on growth rate and temperature gradient were investigated using regression analysis

Charaterization of Rapidly solidified Nd-Al and Nd-Ag eutectic alloys in drop tube

Nd-14.2at%Al and Nd-20.0at%Ag eutectic alloys were containerlessly solidified in an 8m drop tube. The droplets were undercooled during the free fall in about 1s under reduced gravity condition in He atmosphere. The cooling rates at the solidification temperature were computed as a function of droplet size by making use of heat balance calculations. They were ranging between 40x10(3) and 0.8x10(3)Ks(-1) for droplets in size range of 100-900m diameters. Nusselt, Reynolds, and Prandtl numbers of the droplets were calculated. Microstructures of the alloys were analyzed and eutectic spacings were determined. Microhardnesses of the droplets with different sizes were measured to reveal a dependence on the cooling rates with which the droplets are solidified

Investigation of the thermo-electrical properties of A707 alloys

In the present work, the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, enthalpy of fusion, specific heat capacity and thermal diffusivity of the A707 alloy (Al–4.5 Zn–1.2 Mg–0.15 Cr–0.15 Zr wt.%) have been investigated. Phase identification of the studied alloy was investigated with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction techniques. Thermal conductivity of as-cast A707 alloy was measured using Comparison Cut Bar Method in the temperature range of 300–800 K. With the increase of temperature, thermal conductivity decreased gradually in as-cast A707 alloy. The electrical conductivities of the sample were obtained with the Wiedemann–Franz equation by using the measured thermal conductivity values. Thermal conductivity coefficients for the alloy were obtained from the graphs of thermal conductivity versus temperature. The enthalpy of fusion and the specific heat capacity during the transformation were also determined. Thermal diffusivity changes were calculated as a function of temperature through the obtained thermal data. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management UnitThis project was supported by Erciyes University Scientific Research Project Unit under Contract No: FBA-2017-7241 . The authors thank Erciyes University Scientific Research Project Unit for their financial support

Salt stress induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-responsive genes in a grapevine rootstock

Grapevines, although adapted to occasional drought or salt stress, are relatively sensitive to growth- and yield-limiting salinity stress. To understand the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and identify genes commonly regulated by both stresses in grapevine, we investigated transcript profiles in leaves of the salt-tolerant grapevine rootstock 1616C under salt- and ER-stress. Among 1643 differentially expressed transcripts at 6 h post-treatment in leaves, 29 were unique to ER stress, 378 were unique to salt stress, and 16 were common to both stresses. At 24 h post-treatment, 243 transcripts were unique to ER stress, 1150 were unique to salt stress, and 168 were common to both stresses. GO term analysis identified genes in categories including 'oxidative stress', 'protein folding', 'transmembrane transport', 'protein phosphorylation', 'lipid transport', 'proteolysis', 'photosynthesis', and 'regulation of transcription'. The expression of genes encoding transporters, transcription factors, and proteins involved in hormone biosynthesis increased in response to both ER and salt stresses. KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes for both ER and salt stress were divided into four main categories including; carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, signal transduction and lipid metabolism. Differential expression of several genes was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis, which validated our microarray results. We identified transcripts for genes that might be involved in salt tolerance and also many genes differentially expressed under both ER and salt stresses. Our results could provide new insights into the mechanisms of salt tolerance and ER stress in plants and should be useful for genetic improvement of salt tolerance in grapevine