Electrolytic Disinfection of Irrigation Water for Intensive Crop Production in Greenhouses as Demonstrated on Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum Mill)

Shortage of water availability and awareness of the need for sustainable resource management have generated a significant increase in the use of recycled water for irrigation and processing of crops and harvest products, respectively. As a result, irrigation systems face the challenge of neutralizing plant pathogens to reduce the risk of their dispersal and the subsequent occurrence of diseases with potentially high economic impacts. We evaluated the efficacy of an innovative electrolytic disinfection system based on potassium hypochlorite (KCLO) to inactivate major pathogens in hydroponically grown tomatoes: Fusarium oxysporum (Synder and Hans), Rizocthonia solani (Kühn), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). The electrolytically derived disinfectant was prepared on-site and added to the recirculating fertigation solution once a week for 60 min in an automated manner using sensor technology at a dosage of 0.5 mg of free chlorine/L (fertigation solution at pH 6.0 ± 0.3 and ORP 780 ± 31 mV). Tomato fruit yield and pathogen dispersal were determined for 16 weeks. At the applied dosage, the disinfectant has been shown to inhibit the spread of plant pathogenic fungi and, remarkably, plant viruses in recirculating fertigation solutions. Phytotoxic effects did not occur.German Federal Ministry of Food and AgriculturePeer Reviewe

Роль компетентностного подхода при управлении профессиональными рисками

В статье рассмотрены соответствия между опасностью, вредом здоровью, профессиональным риском и компетентностью работников, которые могут послужить основой для системы выявления и управления профессиональными рисками, обусловленными человеческим фактором.In this article compliances between danger, harm to health, occupational risk and competence of employees are considered. They can serve as a basis for the system for the detection and management of occupational risks caused by human factors

Chronological aging leads to apoptosis in yeast

During the past years, yeast has been successfully established as a model to study mechanisms of apoptotic regulation. However, the beneficial effects of such a cell suicide program for a unicellular organism remained obscure. Here, we demonstrate that chronologically aged yeast cultures die exhibiting typical markers of apoptosis, accumulate oxygen radicals, and show caspase activation. Age-induced cell death is strongly delayed by overexpressing YAP1, a key transcriptional regulator in oxygen stress response. Disruption of apoptosis through deletion of yeast caspase YCA1 initially results in better survival of aged cultures. However, surviving cells lose the ability of regrowth, indicating that predamaged cells accumulate in the absence of apoptotic cell removal. Moreover, wild-type cells outlast yca1 disruptants in direct competition assays during long-term aging. We suggest that apoptosis in yeast confers a selective advantage for this unicellular organism, and demonstrate that old yeast cells release substances into the medium that stimulate survival of the clone

An AIF orthologue regulates apoptosis in yeast

Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a key regulator of cell death, is essential for normal mammalian development and participates in pathological apoptosis. The proapoptotic nature of AIF and its mode of action are controversial. Here, we show that the yeast AIF homologue Ynr074cp controls yeast apoptosis. Similar to mammalian AIF, Ynr074cp is located in mitochondria and translocates to the nucleus of yeast cells in response to apoptotic stimuli. Purified Ynr074cp degrades yeast nuclei and plasmid DNA. YNR074C disruption rescues yeast cells from oxygen stress and delays age-induced apoptosis. Conversely, overexpression of Ynr074cp strongly stimulates apoptotic cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide and this effect is attenuated by disruption of cyclophilin A or the yeast caspase YCA1. We conclude that Ynr074cp is a cell death effector in yeast and rename it AIF-1 (Aif1p, gene AIF1)

Durchflusskennwerte und Querbauwerke: Leitfaden zur Web-Anwendung „Ausgewählte Durchflusskennwerte und Querbauwerke sächsischer Fließgewässer, Stand 2015“

Der Leitfaden informiert über Methodik und Ergebnisse der Regionalisierung von ausgewählten Durchflusskennwerten. Über die Internet-Anwendung »Durchflusskennwerte und Querbauwerke« können für beliebige Querschnitte der sächsischen Fließgewässer die Durchflusskennwerte abgefragt werden (Stand 2015). Die Kennwerte werden u. a. benötigt bei der Ermittlung von Mindestwasserführungen und mittleren Durchflussdargeboten sowie bei der Planung wasserbaulicher Anlagen und der Ausweisung von Überschwemmungsgebieten. Die Publikation richtet sich an Wasserbehörden und Planungsbüros, aber auch an Gewässernutzer in Sachsen. Redaktionsschluss: 21.06.201