96 research outputs found
Krallert-Sattler, Gertrud: Kommentierte Bibliographie zum FlĂŒchtlings- und Vertriebenenproblem in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, in Ăsterreich und in der Schweiz
NATIONALHISTORIE EFTER MODERNISMEN - FOLKEBEGREBET I LYSET AF EUROPAS STORE FORTĂLLINGER
WRITING NATIONAL HISTORY AFTER MODERNISM: THE HISTORY OF PEOPLEHOOD IN LIGHT OF EUROPEAN GRAND NARRATIVES | The purpose of the article is to refute the recent claim that Danish history cannot be written on the assumption of the existence of a Danish people prior to 19th-century nationalism. The article argues that, over the past twenty years, scholars in pre-modern European history have highlighted the limitations of the modernist paradigm in the study of nationalism and the history of nations. For example, modernists have difficulties explaining why a Medieval chronicle such as Saxo Grammaticusâs Gesta Danorum was translated in the mid-1600s, and why it could be used for new purposes in the 1800s, if there had not been a continuity in notions of peoplehood between the Middle Ages and the Modern Age. Of course, the claim of continuity should not be seen as an argument for an identity between the âDanesâ of Saxoâs time and the Danes of the 19th-century Danish nation-state. Rather, the modern Danishness should be understood as the product of a historical process, in which a number of European cultural narratives and state building played a significant role. The four most important narratives of the Middle Ages were derived from the Bible, which was a rich treasure of images and stories of âpeopleâ, âtribeâ, âGodâ, King, âjusticeâ and âkingdomâ (state). While keeping the basic structures, the meanings of these narratives were re-interpreted and placed in new hierarchical positions in the course of time under the impact of the Reformation, 16th-century English Puritanism, Enlightenment patriotism, the French Revolution and 19th-century romantic nationalism. The article concludes that it is still possible to write national histories featuring âthe peopleâ as one of the actors. But the historian should keep in mind that âthe peopleâ did not always play the main role, nor did they play the same role as in previous periods. And even though there is a need to form syntheses when writing national history, national identities have always developed within a context of competing and hierarchical narratives. In Denmark, the âpatriotist narrativeâ seems to be in ascendancy in the social and cultural elites, but has only partly replaced the âethno-nationalâ narrative which is widespread in other parts of the population. The âcompact narrativeâ has so far survived due the continued love of the people for their monarch. It may even prove to provide social glue for a sense of peoplehood uniting âoldâ and ânewâ Danes
Influences on pathologic complete response in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Purpose
Pathologic complete response is associated with longer disease-free survival and better overall survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. We, therefore, evaluated factors influencing pathologic complete response.
Methods
Patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 2015 to 2018 at the Saarland University Hospital were included. Patientsâ age, tumor stage, tumor biology, genetic mutation, recurrent cancer, discontinuation of chemotherapy, and participation in clinical trials were extracted from electronic medical records. Binary logistic regression was performed to evaluate the influence of these factors on pathologic complete response.
Results
Data of 183 patients were included. The median patientâs age was 54 years (22â78). The median interval between diagnosis and onset of chemotherapy was 28 days (14â91); between end of chemotherapy and surgery 28 days (9â57). Sixty-two patients (34%) participated in clinical trials for chemotherapy. A total of 86 patients (47%) achieved pathologic complete response. Patientâs age, genetic mutation, recurrent cancers, or discontinuation of chemotherapy (due to side effects) and time intervals (between diagnosis and onset of chemotherapy, as well as between end of chemotherapy and surgery) did not influence pathologic complete response. Patients with high Ki67, high grading, Her2 positive tumors, as well as patients participating in clinical trials for chemotherapy had a higher chance of having pathologic complete response. Patients with Luminal B tumors had a lower chance for pathologic complete response.
Conclusion
Particularly patients with high risk cancer and patients, participating in clinical trials benefit most from chemotherapy. Therefore, breast cancer patients can be encouraged to participate in clinical trials for chemotherapy
Factors influencing the time to surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients
Purpose
It is suspected that delayed surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) leads to a worse outcome in breast cancer patients. We therefore evaluated possible influencing factors of the time interval between the end of NACT and surgery.
Methods
All patients receiving NACT due to newly diagnosed breast cancer from 2015 to 2017 at the Department of Gynecology, Saarland University Medical Center, were included. The time interval between end of NACT and surgery was defined as primary endpoint. Possible delaying factors were investigated: age, study participation, outpatient and inpatient presentations, implants/expander, MRI preoperatively, discontinuation of chemotherapy, and genetic mutations.
Results
Data of 139 patients was analyzed. Median age was 53 years (22â78). The time interval between end of NACT and surgery was 28 days (9â57). Additional clinical presentations on outpatient basis added 2 days (pâ=â0.002) and on inpatient basis added 7 days to time to surgery (pâ<â0.001). Discontinuation of NACT due to chemotherapy side effects prolonged time to surgery by 8 days (pâ<â0.001), whereas discontinuation due to disease progress did not delay surgery (pâ=â0.6). In contrast, a proven genetic mutation shortened time to surgery by 7 days (pâ<â0.001). Patientâs age, participation in clinical studies, oncoplastic surgery, and preoperative MRI scans did not delay surgery.
Conclusion
Breast care centers should emphasize a reduction of clinical presentations and a good control of chemotherapy side effects for breast cancer patients to avoid delays of surgery after NACT
Stat, kirke og folk i europĂŠisk historie
Denne oversigtsartikel pÄviser den kristne kirkes betydning for stats- og nationsdannelsen i Middelalderen og den tidligt moderne periode. Den viser desuden, at selv om kirken gradvist mistede sin formelle magt, isÊr i forbindelse med Reformationen, beholdt den en reel social magt og bidrog under enevÊlden til udviklingen af den moderne stat. Med udbredelsen af sÊrlige konfessionskulturer i de enkelte lande fik de protestantiske kirker desuden stor betydning for deres kulturelle homogenisering og pÄ lÊngere sigt ogsÄ for de enkelte folks moderne nationaliteter. Artiklen forklarer den lutherske reformations betydning for forholdet mellem kirke, stat og folk, og viser, at der gÄr en vej fra den calvinske reformation til de republikanske og siden demokratiske forestillinger om folkesuverÊnitet, borgernes rettigheder og ideen om det almene vel. Selv om de mange forskellige folkeligt-konfessionelle bevÊgelser, der opstod under ogefter Reformationen, ikke havde national karakter var de protestantiske kirker indirekte med til at skabe et syn pÄ forholdet mellem konge, stat og folk, som banede vejen for nationalismen, de moderne nationaliteter og til sidst ogsÄ til de sekulÊre forestillinger om folkesuverÊnitet og individets rettigheder
Nationalstaterne i det globaliserede Europa
EU er til gavn for Europas nationalstater, og der bestĂ„r i princippet ikke nogen modsĂŠtning mellem det nationale og det europĂŠiske. 
Die Zweite Tschecho-Slowakische Republik im Spiegel zeitgenössischer tschechischer Pressestimmen (Oktober 1938âMĂ€rz 1939)
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