Green Production of Anionic Surfactant Obtained from Pea Protein

A pea protein isolate was hydrolyzed by a double enzyme treatment method in order to obtain short peptide sequences used as raw materials to produce lipopeptides-based surfactants. Pea protein hydrolysates were prepared using the combination of Alcalase and Flavourzyme. The influence of the process variables was studied to optimize the proteolytic degradation to high degrees of hydrolysis. The average peptide chain lengths were obtained at 3–5 amino acid units after a hydrolysis of 30 min with the mixture of enzymes. Then, N-acylation in water, in presence of acid chloride (C12 and C16), carried out with a conversion rate of amine functions of 90%, allowed to obtain anionic surfactant mixtures (lipopeptides and sodium fatty acids). These two steps were performed in water, in continuous and did not generate any waste. This process was therefore in line with green chemistry principles. The surface activities (CMC, foaming and emulsifying properties) of these mixtures were also studied. These formulations obtained from natural renewable resources and the reactions done under environmental respect, could replace petrochemical based surfactants for some applications

Recherche bioguidée de molécules antipaludiques d'une plante guyanaise (Piper hostmannianum var. berbicense)

TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Analysis of minor flavonoids in Piper hostmannianum var. berbicense using liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

The fragmentations of hydroxylated flavanones, chalcones and dihydrochalcones were investigated by direct loop injection using an ion trap mass spectrometry equipped with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) probe. Some of them have been isolated from the leaves of Piper hostmannianum var. berbicense and standards were used to confirm their fragmentation behaviour. In negative ion mode, fragmentations of these three types of flavonoids revealed specific diagnostic ions which allowed us to identify aglycones in a crude plant extract. The major fragment ion obtained in MS/MS experiment for methoxylated chalcones is the neutral loss of a methyl radical whereas a H(2)O molecule is lost in the case of methoxylated dihydrochalcones. Methoxylated chalcones and flavanones isomers could be differentiated by the relative intensity ratio of [M-H-CH(3)]*(-) and [M-H-C(2)H(2)O](-) ions. Based on UV and MS data, a decision tree that includes UV lambda(max) absorptions and MS/MS diagnostic ions was built in order to obtain structural information of unknown compounds present in the extract. This tree was used to identify flavonoids in the ethyl acetate extract of P. hostmannianum var. berbicense leaves after analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion trap multistage mass spectrometry. A total of 11 flavonoids were tentatively characterized based on the MS fragmentations pattern observed in MS(n) experiments

Action of Mangifera indica Leaf Extract on Acne-Prone Skin through Sebum Harmonization and Targeting C. acnes

(1) Background: Preclinical studies report that the ethanolic fraction from Mangifera indica leaves is a potential anti-acne agent. Nevertheless, the biological activity of Mangifera indica leaves has scarcely been investigated, and additional data are needed, especially in a clinical setting, for establishing the actual effectiveness of Mangifera indica extract as an active component of anti-acne therapy. (2) Methods: The evaluation of the biological activity of Mangifera indica extract was carried out through different experimental phases, which comprised in silico, in vitro, ex vivo and clinical evaluations. (3) Results: In silico and in vitro studies allowed us to identify the phytomarkers carrying the activity of seboregulation and acne management. Results showed that Mangifera indica extract reduced lipid production by 40% in sebocytes, and an improvement of the sebum quality was reported after the treatment in analyses performed on sebaceous glands from skin explants. The evaluation of the sebum quantity and quality using triglyceride/free fatty acid analysis conducted on Caucasian volunteers evidenced a strong improvement and a reduction of porphyrins expression. The C. acnes lipase activity from a severe acne phylotype was evaluated in the presence of Mangifera indica, and a reduction by 29% was reported. In addition, the analysis of the skin microbiota documented that Mangifera indica protected the microbiota equilibrium while the placebo induced dysbiosis. (4) Conclusions: Our results showed that Mangifera indica is microbiota friendly and efficient against lipase activity of C. acnes and supports a role for Mangifera indica in the therapeutic strategy for prevention and treatment of acne

Images de territoires et « travail territorial » des médias

Ce numéro d’Études de Communication se donne pour objet d’étudier les images et imaginaires de territoires produits, entretenus, « travaillés » par les médias, locaux et nationaux. Comment l’information – entendue à partir de la variété de ses supports et de ses formats médiatiques – participe de la construction territoriale, envisagée comme opération symbolique, comme structuration identitaire, comme élaboration collective ? L’intention est ainsi de cerner ce que l’on peut identifier comme « travail territorial », d’étudier en quoi les médias font médiation dans le rapport au(x) territoire(s). Dans le contexte du déploiement de stratégies de reconfiguration territoriale, d’évolution des formes de l’engagement public et des pratiques culturelles/médiatiques des individus, cette livraison se propose de mettre l’accent tant sur la question du rapport au lieu – en quoi et comment les médias parlent des lieux et des espaces, qu’ils contribuent à configurer, dans et par les contenus qu’ils produisent et les structures signifiantes qu’ils agencent – que sur celle du sens des lieux entretenu et façonné par les médias, et par là sur les images et imaginaires ainsi associés aux lieux. The purpose of this issue of Études de Communication is to study the images and imagination of territories produced, structured, and “worked” by the local and national media. How does information—understood based on the variety of its supports and media formats—participate in the territorial construction, seen as a symbolic operation, as structuring identity, as collective elaboration? The intention is then to understand what can be called “territorial work,” to study how medias make media in relation to territory or territories. In the context of strategies of territorial reconfiguration, the evolution of forms of public involvement and cultural/media practices of individuals, this issue proposes to accent as much the relationship to place—why and how media talks about places and spaces that it contributes to configuring, in and by the contents it produces and the meaningful structures they advance—as the meaning of the places structured and fashioned by the media and the images and imaginations thus associated with such places

Diagnosis and treatment of Tropheryma whipplei infection in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease: Data from the French Tw-IRD registry

International audienceTropheryma whipplei infection can manifest as inflammatory joint symptoms, which can lead to misdiagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic disease and the use of disease -modifying antirheumatic drugs. We investigated the impact of diagnosis and treatment of Tropheryma whipplei infection in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease. Methods: We initiated a registry including patients with disease -modifying antirheumatic drugs -treated inflammatory rheumatic disease who were subsequently diagnosed with Tropheryma whipplei infection. We collected clinical, biological, treatment data of the inflammatory rheumatic disease, of Tropheryma whipplei infection, and impact of antibiotics on the evolution of inflammatory rheumatic disease. Results: Among 73 inflammatory rheumatic disease patients, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs initiation triggered extra-articular manifestations in 27% and resulted in stabilisation (51%), worsening (34%), or improvement (15%) of inflammatory rheumatic disease. At the diagnosis of Tropheryma whipplei infection, all patients had rheumatological symptoms (mean age 58 years, median inflammatory rheumatic disease duration 79 months), 84% had extra-rheumatological manifestations, 93% had elevated C-reactive protein, and 86% had hypoalbuminemia. Treatment of Tropheryma whipplei infection consisted mainly of doxycycline plus hydroxychloroquine, leading to remission of Tropheryma whipplei infection in 79% of cases. Antibiotic treatment of Tropheryma whipplei infection was associated with remission of inflammatory rheumatic disease in 93% of cases and enabled disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and glucocorticoid discontinuation in most cases. Conclusions: Tropheryma whipplei infection should be considered in inflammatory rheumatic disease patients with extra-articular manifestations, elevated C-reactive protein, and/or hypoalbuminemia before disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs initiation or in inflammatory rheumatic disease patients with an inadequate response to one or more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Positive results of screening and diagnostic tests for Tropheryma whipplei infection involve antibiotic treatment, which is associated with complete recovery of Tropheryma whipplei infection and rapid remission of inflammatory rheumatic disease, allowing disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and glucocorticoid discontinuation. (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Infection Association

Convergence of patient- and physician-reported outcomes in the French National Registry of Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy

International audienceFacioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is among the most prevalent muscular dystrophies and currently has no treatment. Clinical and genetic heterogeneity are the main challenges to a full comprehension of the physiopathological mechanism. Improving our knowledge of FSHD is crucial to the development of future therapeutic trials and standards of care. National FSHD registries have been set up to this end. The French National Registry of FSHD combines a clinical evaluation form (CEF) and a self-report questionnaire (SRQ), filled out by a physician with expertise in neuromuscular dystrophies and by the patient, respectively. Aside from favoring recruitment, our strategy was devised to improve data quality. Indeed, the pairwise comparison of data from 281 patients for 39 items allowed for evaluating data accuracy. Kappa or intra-class coefficient (ICC) values were calculated to determine the correlation between answers provided in both the CEF and SRQ. Results Patients and physicians agreed on a majority of questions common to the SRQ and CEF (24 out of 39). Demographic, diagnosis- and care-related questions were generally answered consistently by the patient and the medical practitioner (kappa or ICC values of most items in these groups were greater than 0.8). Muscle function-related items, i.e. FSHD-specific signs, showed an overall medium to poor correlation between data provided in the two forms; the distribution of agreements in this section was markedly spread out and ranged from poor to good. In particular, there was very little agreement regarding the assessment of facial motricity and the presence of a winged scapula. However, patients and physicians agreed very well on the Vignos and Brooke scores. The report of symptoms not specific to FSHD showed general poor consistency. Conclusions Patient and physician answers are largely concordant when addressing quantitative and objective items. Consequently, we updated collection forms by relying more on patient-reported data where appropriate. We hope the revised forms will reduce data collection time while ensuring the same quality standard. With the advent of artificial intelligence and automated decision-making, high-quality and reliable data are critical to develop top-performing algorithms to improve diagnosis, care, and evaluate the efficiency of upcoming treatments