Secondary succession of overgrazed Pannonian sandy grasslands

We assessed vegetation changes on acidic sandy soils in permanent plots to follow secondary succession after cessation of intensive goose breeding in E Hungary.We also aimed to estimate the time required for vegetation regeneration and indicate differences in secondary succession patterns at different altitudes in sand dunes. Two sites in the low and two in the high parts of the dunes were chosen and sampled for twelve years. The initial stages are characterized by ruderal communities dominated by nitrophilous annual weeds. Ruderal vegetation was soon replaced by nutrient-poor communities dominated by short-lived pioneer dicotyledonous plants and grasses. In the last few years of the study, coinciding with a rainy period, the low sites were dominated by the perennial grasses, Poa angustifolia, P. pratensis and Cynodon dactylon. In contrast, in the high sites a less dense cover of perennials developed. The influence of initial composition on vegetation development decreased with time and the influence of altitude increased during succession. The altitude of the site had a significant effect on regeneration. Species richness and Shannon diversity of the high sites increased during vegetation development and that of the lowsites decreased. Most annuals persisted in the high sites but became extinct in the low sites. The mean species turnover rate, irrespective of altitude, decreased during the study

Altered Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Pump Expression during Breast Tumorigenesis

Endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis is involved in several essential cell functions including cell proliferation, protein synthesis, stress responses or secretion. Calcium uptake into the endoplasmic reticulum is performed by Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPases (SERCA enzymes). In order to study endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis in situ in mammary tissue, in this work SERCA3 expression was investigated in normal breast and in its benign and malignant lesions in function of the cell type, degree of malignancy, and histological and molecular parameters of the tumors. Our data indicate, that although normal breast acinar epithelial cells express SERCA3 abundantly, its expression is strongly decreased already in very early non-malignant epithelial lesions such as adenosis, and remains low in lobular carcinomas. Whereas normal duct epithelium expresses significant amounts of SERCA3, its expression is decreased in several benign ductal lesions, as well as in ductal adenocarcinoma. The loss of SERCA3 expression is correlated with Elston-Ellis grade, negative hormone receptor expression or triple negative status in ductal carcinomas. The concordance between decreased SERCA3 expression and several histological, as well as molecular markers of ductal carcinogenesis indicates that endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis is remodeled during tumorigenesis in the breast epithelium

ATmega328P mikrokontroller vezérelt felügyeleti oktatási modul

Az Arduino mikrokontrollerek megjelenésével komoly lehetőségek nyíltak meg mind a kezdő mind a haladó réteg számára. Ezek a mikrokontrollerek Open-Source hardware-re támaszkodnak, így bárki tud benne fejleszteni, programozni különböző elektronikai eszközöket vezérelni/ adatot lekérni. A projektben egy a Debreceni Egyetem részére készített biztonságtechnikai oktatási modul került megtervezésre és megépítésre, mely teljes egészében flexbilis, újraprogramozható és bővíthető, valamint különféle vezérlések és algoritmusok tesztelésére is alkalmas

The importance of high crop residue demand on biogas plant site selection, scaling and feedstock allocation – A regional scale concept in a Hungarian study area

In regions characterised by intensive agriculture, livestock manure is a commonly used feedstock for biogas production. Due to its expensive transportation, manure sources are often the sole criteria during biogas plant site selection, regarding feedstock supply. Encouraging biogas plant operators to use larger amounts of crop residues in the feedstock is favourable from an energy management viewpoint, but its spatial projection on resource logistics and its significance on biogas plant selection is less investigated. In this study, scenarios were created with different feedstock compositions considering constant manure and varying crop residue ratios. Based on their potential biogas yields and the location of livestock farms, a manure source-oriented site selection and facility scaling was made in a Hungarian study area. The applied GIS-based feedstock allocation and logistic analysis defined the crop acquisition possibilities and optimal transportation routes, assuming multiple resource-competitive biogas plants. The results indicate that feedstock composition can indirectly impact the site selection procedure and supply security if high crop residue demand is considered. Resource acquisition possibilities and economic feasibility are significantly affected by the location and density of the proposed biogas plants and their relative position to the crop supply areas. Due to the geographical heterogeneity of the supply side and the demand points, the transportation costs of crop residues and the digestate exceed those of the manure in all scenarios, which draws attention to the importance of spatial availability of crop residues during biogas plant site selection and scaling