Az orvos–beteg kommunikáció új lehetőségei – a betegek elvárásai alapján = Possibilities of doctor–patient communication – understanding patients’ expectations

Absztrakt: Bevezetés: Az orvos és betege közötti konzultáció napjainkban már nem korlátozódik a szóbeli, személyes találkozóra; számos új technikai lehetőség kínálkozik a kapcsolattartásra. Célkitűzés: Kutatásunk célja volt megvizsgálni, hogy két személyes konzultáció között milyen módon kommunikál egymással orvos és betege, valamint hogyan szeretnék a betegek szükség esetén orvosukat elérni. Módszer: Egy budapesti szakrendelőben várakozó potenciális betegek körében kérdőíves felmérést végeztünk, amely az alábbi kérdéscsoportokra épült: orvoshoz fordulási szokások, szakorvossal való kommunikáció módja, technikai eszközök használata és szociodemográfiai adatok. Statisztikai analízis: Egyszerű leíró jellegű elemzéseket, khi-négyzet-próbát és bináris logisztikus regressziót alkalmaztunk. Eredmények: A résztvevők (260 fő) 36,2%-a férfi, 63,8%-a nő volt. Minden negyedik betegre jellemző volt, hogy két személyes konzultáció között egyáltalán nem lépett kapcsolatba az orvosával. A többiek – tekintettel a különböző szociodemográfiai csoportokra, jelentősebb különbség nélkül – szükség esetén vonalas telefonon elérték az asszisztenst vagy közvetlenül orvosukat is; esetleg mobiltelefonon is. A betegek kétharmada több személyes konzultációt szeretne orvosával, fele szívesen írna e-mailt neki, harmada mobilon is hívná orvosát, ha lehetősége lenne rá. Több személyes konzultációt szeretnének dominánsan a férfiak, kisebb arányban az elváltak, az özvegyek, a szakmunkás-végzettségűek. Minden második beteg szívesen váltana e-mailt orvosával, főleg a fiatalok és a magasabb iskolai végzettségűek. Következtetés: A betegeknek az orvossal való szükséges konzultációra vonatkozó preferenciái szociodemográfiai csoportok szerint különböznek. Figyelembe véve eredményeinket, a feltételek megteremtésével a járóbeteg-rendelések hatékonyságát növelni lehetne. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(50): 2136–2143. | Abstract: Introduction: Nowadays doctor–patient consultation is not limited to personal appointments, there are new technical possibilities to keep contact. Aim: The aim of our study was to examine the way in which the doctor and patient interact with each other between two personal consultations and how the patients would like to reach their physicians when needed. Method: Questionnaire survey was done among waiting patients in an outpatient clinic in Budapest. The questionnaire was based on the following groups of questions: habits of visiting a doctor, the methods of communication with a specialist, use of technical tools and socio-demographic data. Statistical analysis: Simple descriptive analysis, chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used. Results: The participants (260 persons) were in 36.2% male and in 63.8% female. One out of four patients did not contact the doctor between two personal consultations. The rest of the patients contacted the nurse by phone or their doctors on their mobile even as per different socio-demographic groups but without a significant difference in between those. Two thirds of the patients would like to have more face to face appointments with their doctor, half of them would like to keep contact by e-mail, and one out of three would call the doctor on mobile phone as far as possible. More men need personal consultations dominantly and in smaller proportion divorced, widowed and patients with vocational education. Half of the patients would like to e-mail their doctor, especially the younger and higher educated people. Conclusion: Patients’ consultation preferences differ by socio-demographic groups. Reestablishing conditions by taking all of our results into account, the efficiency of outpatient-clinics could be increased. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(50): 2136–2143

The role of nutraceuticals and phytotherapy in the management of urinary tract infections: What we need to know?

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are amongst the most common infectious diseases and carry a significant impact on patient quality of life and health care costs. Despite that, there is no well-established recommendation for a "standard" prophylactic antibiotic management to prevent UTI recurrences. The majority of patients undergoes long-term antibiotic treatment that severely impairs the normal microbiota and increases the risk of development of multidrugresistant microorganisms. In this scenario, the use of phytotherapy to both alleviate symptoms related to UTI and decrease the rate of symptomatic recurrences is an attractive alternative. Several recently published papers report conflicting findings and cannot give confident recommendations for the everyday clinical practice. A new approach to the management of patients with recurrent UTI might be to use nutraceuticals or phytotherapy after an accurate assessment of the patient`s risk factors. No single compound or mixture has been identified so far as the best preventive approach in patients with recurrent UTI. We reviewed our non-antibiotic approach to the management of recurrent UTI patients in order to clarify the evidence-base for the commonly used substances, understand their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in order to tailor the best way to improve patient's quality of life and reduce the rate of antibiotic resistance. Lack of a gold-standard recommendation and the risk of increasing antibiotic resistance is the reason why we need alternatives to antibiotics in the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs). A tailored approach according to bacterial characteristics and the patient risk factors profile is a promising option

The Roles of the Host and the Pathogens in Urinary Tract Infections

The severity of urinary tract infections (UTIs) varies depending on the balance between the virulence of the infecting bacterial strain and the antibacterial host defense. Bacterial virulence is determined by a complex of factors in which bacterial adherence to the uroepithelium is the most important virulence factor, in addition to the production of toxins and the formation of biofilm. In immunocompromised patients and in patients with severely dysfunctional urinary tracts, however, the importance of bacterial virulence factors to cause symptomatic infection is decreased or nullified. The antibacterial host defense in the urinary tract depends mainly on native immunity and inflammation. Specific immunity, with antigen presentation and antibody production, does not play an important role in acute UTI. Recent research has provided a deeper understanding of the inflammation process in UTI and demonstrated that the individual variation of UTI susceptibility and renal damage not only depends on urinary tract dysfunctions but is also influenced by genetic polymorphisms in innate immune receptors and signaling proteins, crucial for the innate antibacterial defenses. The identification of these molecular mechanisms in UTI pathogenesis is an important focus for future research aimed at the development of novel nonantibiotic therapies. Patient summary: The severity of urinary tract infections (UTIs) varies depending on the balance between the infecting bacterial strain and the antibacterial host defense. Bacterial virulence is determined by different virulence factors that enhance bacterial persistence and tissue damage. The susceptibility to an UTI is influenced by dysfunctions of the urinary tract and by genetic mechanisms that control the innate immune response to infections. The severity of urinary tract infections (UTIs) varies depending on the balance between the infecting bacterial strain and the antibacterial host defense. Urologists will need a more microbiology- and immunology-centered perspective to successfully manage the increasing threat of UTIs