Sveriges framväxt till ett modernt land: en studie av historiebruket i svenska läroböcker 1950-2008.

Sammanfattning: Syftet med det här arbetet är att studera hur läroböcker i historia på gymnasiet skildrar framväxten av det moderna Sverige - hur de framställer orsaker och förklaringar till att Sverige idag är ett modernt land med god social och ekonomisk trygghet. Arbetet undersöker i vilken mån förändringar i läroböckernas förklaringar och skildringar av det moderna Sveriges framväxt kan kopplas till förändringar i det politiska klimatet eller styret i landet under den aktuella perioden. Studien omfattar läroböcker för gymnasiet mellan 1950 och 008. Arbetet grundar sig i den senaste forskningen kring historiebruk och historiografi – studiet av historieskrivningen i sig. Metodmässigt som tillämpats är textanalys av 1 läroböcker i historia för gymnasiet, fördelade över perioden 1950-008. Några huvudlinjer i resultatet kan skönjas, då de olika perioderna uppvisar skillnader ifråga om författarnas syn på ekonomisk utveckling, sociala reformer och demokratisering. Här fanns tydliga skillnader, medan kopplingen till kontexten är osäker – skillnaden kan ibland vara större mellan olika författare än mellan perioder. Skillnader över tid finns dock ifråga om vilka faktorer som tillskrivs störst förklaringsvärde för att förstå utvecklingen. Historieskrivning, bruket av historia och historiemedvetande är relevant att studera för att förstå varför en viss uppfattning om det förflutna visar sig. Det finns alltså en didaktisk poäng i att förhålla sig kritiskt till exempelvis läromedel och dess innehåll

Sympathizing With the Radical Right : Effects of Mainstream Party Recognition and Control of Prejudice

The electoral success of radical right parties throughout Western Europe is the biggest change to these formerly stable party systems. Several studies have identified that mainstream parties can shape the trajectory of radical right parties. Our aim is to contribute to this literature, and to investigate if and how radical right parties gain from mainstream party recognition. Theoretically, we draw on the literature that has suggested that when aiming to explain the legitimization of radical right parties, we need to consider that many individuals in Western Europe are influenced by an anti-prejudice norm when forming preferences towards such parties. We hypothesize that when mainstream parties signal that it is acceptable to associate with radical right parties??? they challenge the anti -prejudice norm that dissuade voters from such parties. In addition, individuals with lower internal motivation to control prejudice (IMCP) are more susceptible to be affected by mainstream party recognition of radical right parties as those with high IMCP have a stronger internalized anti-prejudice norm. We evaluate the effects of changes in the normative context in a survey experiment (N = 1133) by manipulating mainstream party legitimization of a radical right party, the Sweden Democrats, before the Swedish parliamentary election in 2018. Our results suggest that when mainstream parties challenge the anti-prejudice norm, individuals are more likely to sympathize with radical right parties. Moreover, the effect of mainstream party recognition is moderated by IMCP ??? individuals with a low motivation to appear non-prejudiced are more influenced by mainstream party legitimization of a radical right party

Lifetime measurement of the first excited 2+ state in 112Te

The lifetime of the 2+ → 0+ g.s. transition in the neutron-deficicient nucleus 112Te has been measured for the first time using the DPUNS plunger and the recoil distance Doppler shift technique. The deduced value for the reduced transition probability is B(E2 :0+ g.s. → 2+) = 0.46 ± 0.04 e2b2, indicating that there is no unexpected enhancement of the B(E2 :0+ g.s. → 2+) values in Te isotopes below the midshell. The result is compared to and discussed in the framework of large-scale shell-model calculations.peerReviewe

Spin-dependent evolution of collectivity in 112Te

The evolution of collectivity with spin along the yrast line in the neutron-deficient nucleus 112Te has been studied by measuring the reduced transition probability of excited states in the yrast band. In particular, the lifetimes of the 4+ and 6+ excited states have been determined by using the recoil distance Doppler-shift method. The results are discussed using both large-scale shell-model and total Routhian surface calculations.peerReviewe

Competing single-particle and collective states in the low-energy structure of 113I

To understand the low-energy structure of the neutron deficient iodine isotopes, lifetimes for the low-lying 9/2+ and 11/2+ positive-parity states in 113I have been measured as τ = 28(4) ps and τ = 3.7(7) ps, respectively. The lifetime for the 11/2− state, which feeds the 9/2+ and 11/2+ states, was remeasured with improved accuracy as τ = 216(7) ps. The reduced transition probability, B(E2) = 32(5) W.u., for the 9/2+ → 5/2+ transition agrees with that calculated within the shell model using a Hamiltonian based on the charge-dependent Bonn nucleon-nucleon interaction. In contrast, the much larger transition probability, B(E2) = 209(39) W.u., measured for the 11/2+ → 7/2+ transition has been interpreted, with the aid of configuration-constrained total Routhian surface calculations, as resulting from a slightly γ -soft rotor with an associated quadrupole deformation of β2 ≈ 0.18. Remarkably similar reduced E1 transition probabilities of 5.5(5) × 10−4 and 4.9(5) × 10−4 W.u. were deduced for the 11/2− → 9/2+ and 11/2− → 11/2+ transitions, respectively, which feed apparently dissimilar but competing structures.peerReviewe

Isomer-tagged differential-plunger measurements in 113/54Xe

The 278-keV M2 γ decay from the νh11/2 isomeric state in 113Xe has been observed for the first time using the recoil-isomer tagging technique. The half-life of the isomer has been measured to be 6.9(3) μs. The derived B(M2) value is in agreement with the trend of systematic measurements of M2 transition strengths in neutron-deficient tellurium and tin isotopes. The lifetime of the first excited state in the νh11/2 band has been measured using the recoil distance Doppler-shift method. The extracted B(E2) value has been compared to theoretical CD-Bonn calculations and recent lifetime measurements in 109Te. This comparison of B(E2) values has been used to shed light on the possible influence of collective degrees of freedom on M2 transition strengths in the most neutron-deficient xenon nuclei. The νh11/2 band is deduced to have a degree of deformation comparable with the ground-state bands of the even-mass xenon isotopes. However, the value deduced in this work indicates a loss of collective behavior when compared with the lower-mass 109Te. This result suggests that, while changes in deformation may be partly responsible for the observed trend in B(M2) values for increasing Z, other effects may also be present.peerReviewe

Recoil-decay tagging spectroscopy of 162 74 W 88

Excited states in the highly neutron-deficient nucleus 162W have been investigated via the 92Mo(78Kr, 2α) 162W reaction. Prompt γ rays were detected by the JUROGAM II high-purity germanium detector array and the recoiling fusion-evaporation products were separated by the recoil ion transport unit (RITU) gas-filled recoil separator and identified with the gamma recoil electron alpha tagging (GREAT) spectrometer at the focal plane of RITU. γ rays from 162W were identified uniquely using mother-daughter and mother-daughter-granddaughter α-decay correlations. The observation of a rotational-like ground-state band is interpreted within the framework of total Routhian surface (TRS) calculations, which suggest an axially symmetric ground-state shape with a γ -soft minimum at β2 ≈ 0.15. Quasiparticle alignment effects are discussed based on cranked shell model calculations. New measurements of the 162W ground-state α-decay energy and half-life were also performed. The observed α-decay energy agrees with previous measurements. The half-life of 162W was determined to be t1/2 = 990(30) ms. This value deviates significantly from the currently adopted value of t1/2 = 1360(70) ms. In addition, the α-decay energy and half-life of 166Os were measured and found to agree with the adopted values.peerReviewe

First identification of rotational band structures in Re-166(75)91

Excited states in the odd-odd, highly neutron-deficient nucleus 166Re have been investigated via the 92Mo(78Kr, 3p1n) 166Re reaction. Prompt γ rays were detected by the JUROGAM II γ -ray spectrometer, and the recoiling fusion-evaporation products were separated by the recoil ion transport unit (RITU) gas-filled recoil separator and implanted into the Gamma Recoil Electron Alpha Tagging spectrometer located at the RITU focal plane. The tagging and coincidence techniques were applied to identify the γ -ray transitions in 166Re, revealing two collective, strongly coupled rotational structures, for the first time. The more strongly populated band structure is assigned to the πh11/2[514]9/2− ⊗ νi13/2[660]1/2+ Nilsson configuration, while the weaker structure is assigned to be built on a two-quasiparticle state of mixed πh11/2[514]9/2− ⊗ ν[h9/2f7/2]3/2− character. The configuration assignments are based on the electromagnetic characteristics and rotational properties, in comparison with predictions from total Routhian surface and particle-rotor model calculations.peerReviewe