Iconografías del Coliseo

Durante siglos el Coliseo ha sido referencia obligada para pintores y arquitectos, que lo han dibujado y pintado intensamente, atraídos por los diversos valores que presenta; según su formación, cada artista ha buscado aspectos distintos del anfiteatro. Los pintores se han interesado por la inserción en la ciudad del conjunto, por su visión desde múltiples puntos de vista, por la belleza de la ruina, por el contraste entre los restos arquitectónicos y la vegetación que inundaba todo. Los arquitectos han estudiado el tipo arquitectónico, la funcionalidad, los órdenes y todo lo que pudiera ayudar a la comprensión del edificio, para ello se han apoyado en modos de dibujar muy variados; a veces en plantas, alzados y secciones, pero, en otras, en perspectivas o sistemas no canónicos, libres, como perspectivas seccionadas o dibujos muy elaborados tendentes a mostrar la estructura interior y exterior en una única imagen

Reuniones Internacionales auspiciadas por INIA/AECID en el marco del XX Curso Internacional sobre Enfermedades Infectocontagiosas, Emergentes y Transfronterizas en Animales

Infectious diseases are a threat to animal health and food safety in countries where they are present, and a challenge for all those involved in their containment, control and eradication. In the 20th International Course on Infectious, Emerging and Transboundary Animal Diseases held in Madrid from 2 to 30 November 2011, the objectives outlined were concerned with the analysis of those items of most interest and relevance to the topic from different points of view: etiological, pathogenic and pathological, diagnostic, preventive and epidemiological. In addition, the participants were trained in different laboratory methodologies supporting the diagnostic and epidemiological analysis of the diseases under study. The course was sponsored by the Spanish Agency of International Cooperation forDevelopment (AECID) and the National Research Institute for Agricultural and Food Technology (INIA). Experiencesexchanged included the management of disasters of this kind in the European context, taking into account the regulations described by international agencies. Lectures were held in seven blocks: Biosafety, Epidemiology, Immunology, Pathology, Diagnosis, Prophylaxis and Preventive Medicine. Practical classes, as well as visits to breeding centers, animal slaughterhouses and research laboratories with high biosafety level were also included. Specialists were interviewed about the use of marker vaccines and the control and progressive eradication of diseases, as well as the need to extend appropriate diagnostic methods, depending on the geographical areas.There was a high attendance of specialists and workers of the official veterinary services and scientific institutionsfrom different countries of South America, Central America, the Caribbean and Spain, in addition to interested students and guests from institutions of excellence in the subject. It can be concluded that the course met with the objectives and contributed to the training of specialists involved in issues related to the diagnosis and control measures of important emerging infectious diseases affecting various animal species

An alternative index of abundance for Atlantic skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) based on catch ratio and abundance of a reference species.

Indices of abundance, frequently based on catch rates per unit effort (CPUE), are one of the main inputs to tropical tuna stock assessments. While standardized longline CPUE series are routinely obtained and used in the stock assessments of yellowfin and bigeye tunas, the standardization of the effort in fisheries targeting skipjack tuna is more problematic, due to several factors that are known to affect the efficiency of the fleets but are difficult to quantify. In this scenario, alternative approaches need to be tested. In this document, we propose an alternative approach based on the ratio in the catch of skipjack vs yellowfin tuna, using the abundance of the reference species as an offset in the standardization.En prens

North Atlantic oscillation affects the physical condition of migrating bullet tuna Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810) from the Western Mediterranean Sea

Climate oscillations exert direct control over the environment in which they occur and may influence the physical condition of migratory marine species, such as tuna, as reported by several authors. The main aim of thisstudywastoexploretheassociationbetweenthepotentialeffectsoftheNorthAtlanticOscillation(NAO)on thefitness condition of bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) migrating to the Spanish Mediterranean Sea. A total of 2357 length-weight pairs of data obtained from individuals collected on the Spanish Mediterranean coast were analysed. A non-parametric Spearman test was used to investigate correlations between the atmospheric oscillation indexes and two physical condition indexes. The results suggest that, in general, positive phases of the NAO index improve the physical condition offish migrating to spawning grounds in the Mediterranean Sea. These results could be explained by changes in the dominant winds, which could favour pre-spawning migration, and by nutrients availability, which guarantees their recovery after the spawning period.En prens

Integrating local environmental data and information from non-driven citizen science to estimate jellyfish abundance in Costa del Sol (southern Spain)

Tourism, fishing and aquaculture are key economic sectors of Costa del Sol (southern Iberian Peninsula). The management of these activities is sometimes disturbed by the onshore arrival and stranding of jellyfish swarms. In the absence data on the occurrence of these organisms, it may be interesting to explore data from non-driven systems, such as social networks. The present study show how data in text format from a mobile app called Infomedusa can be processed and used to model the relationship between estimated abundance of jellyfish on the beaches and local environmental conditions. The data retrieved from this app using artificial intelligence procedures (transition network or TN algorithm), were used as input for GAM models to estimate the abundance of jellyfish based on wind speed and direction. The analysis of data provided by Infomedusa indicated that only 30.39% of messages provided by the users had information about absence/presence of jellyfishes in the beaches. On the other hand, the TN processing capacity showed an accuracy level to discriminate messages with information on absence/presence of jellyfish slightly higher than 80%. GAM models considering the wind direction and speed of previous day explained between 37% and 77% of the variance of jellyfish abundance estimate from Infomedusa data. In conclusion, this approach may contribute to the development of a system for predicting the onshore arrival of jellyfish in the Costa del Sol.Versión del edito

Length–weight relationships of kitefin shark Dalatias licha, and little sleeper shark Somniosus rostratus from the western Mediterranean Sea, and long snouted lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox from the eastern North Atlantic Ocean

This paper provides length-weight relationships (LWR) for three species: long snouted lancetfish Alepisaurus ferox, kitefin shark Dalatias licha and little sleeper shark Somniosus rostratus. Samples were collected occasionally from 2009 to 2013. A total of 49 D. licha and 24 S. rostratus samples from the western Mediterranean Sea, and 211 samples of A. ferox from the eastern North Atlantic Ocean were recorded for LWR. For each species, regression coefficients and parameters “a” and “b” were calculated with 95% confidence interval. The LWR parameter b for all species ranged from 2.889 to 3.5048, with R2 ranging from 0.717 to 0.823.Postprin

Historical and ecological drivers of the spatial pattern of Chondrichthyes species richness in the Mediterranean Sea

Chondrichthyes, which include Elasmobranchii (sharks and batoids) and Holocephali (chimaeras), are a relatively small group in the Mediterranean Sea (89 species) playing a key role in the ecosystems where they are found. At present, many species of this group are threatened as a result of anthropogenic effects, including fishing activity. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of these species is of great importance to understand their ecological role and for the efficient management of their populations, particularly if affected by fisheries. This study aims to analyze the spatial patterns of the distribution of Chondrichthyes species richness in the Mediterranean Sea. Information provided by the studied countries was used to model geographical and ecological variables affecting the Chondrichthyes species richness. The species were distributed in 16 Operational Geographical Units (OGUs), derived from the Geographical Sub-Areas (GSA) adopted by the General Fisheries Commission of the Mediterranean Sea (GFCM). Regression analyses with the species richness as a target variable were adjusted with a set of environmental and geographical variables, being the model that links richness of Chondrichthyes species with distance to the Strait of Gibraltar and number of taxonomic families of bony fishes the one that best explains it. This suggests that both historical and ecological factors affect the current distribution of Chondrichthyes within the Mediterranean Sea.Postprin

Relación entre los índices de abundancia estandarizados de las almadrabas y la Oscilación del Atlántico Norte (NAO).

The aim of this study is to describe the possible relations between the NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) climate index and the standardised catches in the Spanish traps in the Straits of Gibraltar from 1981 to 2011. There is a significant negative relationship regarding the probability of obtaining catches in traps that are greater than the average for the period based on the NAO index.Versión del edito

Pharmacological iron-chelation as an assisted nutritional immunity strategy against Piscirickettsia salmonis infection

Indexación ScopusSalmonid Rickettsial Septicaemia (SRS), caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, is a severe bacterial disease in the Chilean salmon farming industry. Vaccines and antibiotics are the current strategies to fight SRS; however, the high frequency of new epizootic events confirms the need to develop new strategies to combat this disease. An innovative opportunity is perturbing the host pathways used by the microorganisms to replicate inside host cells through host-directed antimicrobial drugs (HDAD). Iron is a critical nutrient for P. salmonis infection; hence, the use of iron-chelators becomes an excellent alternative to be used as HDAD. The aim of this work was to use the iron chelator Deferiprone (DFP) as HDAD to treat SRS. Here, we describe the protective effect of the iron chelator DFP over P. salmonis infections at non-antibiotic concentrations, in bacterial challenges both in vitro and in vivo. At the cellular level, our results indicate that DFP reduced the intracellular iron content by 33.1% and P. salmonis relative load during bacterial infections by 78%. These findings were recapitulated in fish, where DFP reduced the mortality of rainbow trout challenged with P. salmonis in 34.9% compared to the non-treated group. This is the first report of the protective capacity of an iron chelator against infection in fish, becoming a potential effective host-directed therapy for SRS and other animals against ferrophilic pathogens. © 2020, The Author(s).https://veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13567-020-00845-