Flotation of Low Grade Copper ore from Kallur, Raichur District, Karnataka

Copper, an important non-ferrous metal, is in great demand in India, resulting in a continuous important of large quantities. The total copper ore reserves in India(Raghunandan et. al.1981) have been estimated to be 497 million tons of which an average of 2 million tons are being processed at present. In this c ontext the deve-lopment and exploitation of new reserves assumes impor-tance in order to meet the increasing demand from inter-nal production rather than through imports of the metal. Out of 19.4 million tons of reserves of the ore in Kar-nataka, 4.5 million tons are at present commercially exploited at Ingaldhal and Kalyadi. New ore reserves have been found at Tintini, Kailur, Machanur and Aladahalli and exploratory drilling for copper in these areas have been started by the Department of Mines and Geology. In this paper a detailed account of the beneficiation studies carried out on the low grade copper ore from Kallur, Raichur District, Karnataka are described for possible commercial exploitation in future

Arachnoid web: a mystery unravelled

A 47-year-old lady came with complaints of dull aching low backache and numbness over both the lower limbs since six months, aggravated since one week. She had tenderness over dorsal (D8-D10) and lumbar (L4-L5) spinal and paraspinal regions. Radiographs were inconclusive. Plain and contrast Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the dorso-lumbar (D-L) spine with whole spine screening were also inconclusive initially. But close observation and serial viewing of all the sections revealed features of an arachnoid web at D7-D8 vertebral level. Patient underwent D7, D8 laminectomy with durotomy and arachnoid web excision. She had considerable improvement in her symptoms after the surgery. Hence, prompt recognition and early surgery ensure good outcomes in this uncommon yet relevant clinical entity

Effect of Amomum subulatum seeds against cypermethrin induced haematological changes in wistar albino rats

Background: Cypermethrin is a well know agricultural pesticide used in the developing countries. It is associated with significant toxic potential on human health. Hence the present study was aimed to evaluate the protective role of Amomum subulatum against cypermethrin induced haematalogical changes in Wistar albino rats.Methods: The albino rats were divided into five different groups of six rats each. Group I considered as normal control, group II cypermethrin control (25mg/kg body weight p.o.), group III only test drug and group IV and V administered with cypermethrin 25mg/kg body weight along test drug 1.08 and 2.16mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. At the end of 28th day blood was withdrawn and total haematalogical parameters were estimated.Results: In the cypermethrin control there was significant reduction in the WBC, Platelet, MCHC and considerable reduction in the haemoglobulin concentration in comparison to normal control. The test drug administered at both dose levels was significantly reversed the cypermethrin induced changes in haematalogical parameters.Conclusions: Authors can conclude that the Amomum subulatum has potency to reverse the cypermethrin induced haematalogical changes

TOXICITY EVALUATION OF AMMONIUM SULFATE TO ALBINO RAT

Objective: The present study was designed to find out the acute median lethal dose (LD50) of ammonium sulfate (inorganic fertilizer) in Wister albino rats.Methods: A single dose of ammonium sulfate dissolved in distilled water (Milli-Q) and administered intraperitoneally at concentrations of 10, 30, 50,70, 90, 110, 130, and 170 mg/kg body weight, respectively, to experimental animals, and then, they were observed every 3 hrs from prior dose giventime, later 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, to 48 hrs of noticing any abnormal behaviors and toxic signs, symptoms. After 48 hrs, counted the number of rats departed in each group and mortality percentage was calculated.Results: The obtained results were evaluated by the Statistical Probit Analysis Method and 48 hrs LD value for albino rats was found to be 91.5 mg/kg. At a single dose of 10 mg/kg, there is no morality and toxic behaviors were observed. Therefore, this concentration is considered as no observed adverse effect level dose. Conclusion: From the earlier consequences, identification and evaluation of the LD50 50 against ammonium sulfate is crucial for understanding thehyperammonemia because ammonium sulfate has been highly utilized as inorganic fertilizer in agriculture and household gardens. Thus, theknowledge about toxic impacts of ammonia useful for clinical or toxicological approaches; however, the toxicity data are unclear. Hence, the in vitroLD 50 evaluations of target chemical in Wistar rats is highly associated toward in ammonia-related peculiar disorders perceptive and therapy.Keywords: Ammonium sulfate, Fertilizer, Median lethal dose, Mortality, No observed adverse effect level.50 Objective:Thepresentstudywasdesignedtofindouttheacutemedianlethaldose(LD )ofammoniumsulfate(inorganicfertilizer)inWisteralbinorats.  Methods:Asingledoseofammoniumsulfatedissolvedindistilledwater(Milli-Q)andadministeredintraperitoneallyatconcentrationsof10,30,50,70, 90, 110, 130, and 170 mg/kg body weight, respectively, to experimental animals, and then, they were observed every 3 hrs from prior dose given time, later 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, to 48 hrs of noticing any abnormal behaviors and toxic signs, symptoms. After 48 hrs, counted the number of rats departed in each group and mortality percentage was calculated.  50 Results:  The  obtained  results  were  evaluated  by  the  Statistical  Probit  Analysis  Method  and  48  hrs  LD  value  for  albino  rats  was  found  to be91.5mg/kg.Atasingledoseof10mg/kg,thereisnomoralityandtoxicbehaviorswereobserved.Therefore,thisconcentrationisconsideredas no observed adverse effect level dose.  50 Conclusion:Fromtheearlierconsequences,identificationandevaluationoftheLD  againstammoniumsulfateiscrucialforunderstandingthe hyperammonemiabecauseammoniumsulfatehasbeenhighlyutilizedasinorganicfertilizerinagricultureandhouseholdgardens.Thus,the knowledgeabouttoxicimpactsofammoniausefulforclinicalortoxicologicalapproaches;however,thetoxicitydataareunclear.Hence,theinvitroLD 50 evaluations of target chemical in Wistar rats is highly associated toward in ammonia-related peculiar disorders perceptive and therapy. Keywords: Ammonium sulfate, Fertilizer, Median lethal dose, Mortality, No observed adverse effect leve

Editorial: Why should we read Dalit literature?

http://journals.sagepub.com/toc/jcla/0/0Numéro spécial papier publié en 2019International audienc

Chitin Binding Proteins Act Synergistically with Chitinases in Serratia proteamaculans 568

Genome sequence of Serratia proteamaculans 568 revealed the presence of three family 33 chitin binding proteins (CBPs). The three Sp CBPs (Sp CBP21, Sp CBP28 and Sp CBP50) were heterologously expressed and purified. Sp CBP21 and Sp CBP50 showed binding preference to β-chitin, while Sp CBP28 did not bind to chitin and cellulose substrates. Both Sp CBP21 and Sp CBP50 were synergistic with four chitinases from S. proteamaculans 568 (Sp ChiA, Sp ChiB, Sp ChiC and Sp ChiD) in degradation of α- and β-chitin, especially in the presence of external electron donor (reduced glutathione). Sp ChiD benefited most from Sp CBP21 or Sp CBP50 on α-chitin, while Sp ChiB and Sp ChiD had major advantage with these Sp CBPs on β-chitin. Dose responsive studies indicated that both the Sp CBPs exhibit synergism ≥0.2 µM. The addition of both Sp CBP21 and Sp CBP50 in different ratios to a synergistic mixture did not significantly increase the activity. Highly conserved polar residues, important in binding and activity of CBP21 from S. marcescens (Sm CBP21), were present in Sp CBP21 and Sp CBP50, while Sp CBP28 had only one such polar residue. The inability of Sp CBP28 to bind to the test substrates could be attributed to the absence of important polar residues

The International Collaboration for Research methods Development in Oncology (CReDO) workshops: shaping the future of global oncology research

Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) have a disproportionately high burden of cancer and cancer mortality. The unique barriers to optimum cancer care in these regions necessitate context-specific research. The conduct of research in LMICs has several challenges, not least of which is a paucity of formal training in research methods. Building capacity by training early career researchers is essential to improve research output and cancer outcomes in LMICs. The International Collaboration for Research methods Development in Oncology (CReDO) workshop is an initiative by the Tata Memorial Centre and the National Cancer Grid of India to address gaps in research training and increase capacity in oncology research. Since 2015, there have been five CReDO workshops, which have trained more than 250 oncologists from India and other countries in clinical research methods and protocol development. Participants from all oncology and allied fields were represented at these workshops. Protocols developed included clinical trials, comparative effectiveness studies, health services research, and observational studies, and many of these protocols were particularly relevant to cancer management in LMICs. A follow-up of these participants in 2020 elicited an 88% response rate and showed that 42% of participants had made progress with their CReDO protocols, and 73% had initiated other research protocols and published papers. In this Policy Review, we describe the challenges to research in LMICs, as well as the evolution, structure, and impact of CReDO and other similar workshops on global oncology research

Evidence-based guidelines and decision support services: a discussion and evaluation in triple assessment of suspected breast cancer

Widespread health service goals to improve consistency and safety in patient care have prompted considerable investment in the development of evidence-based clinical guidelines. Computerised decision support (CDS) systems have been proposed as a means to implement guidelines in practice. This paper discusses the general concept in oncology and presents an evaluation of a CDS system to support triple assessment (TA) in breast cancer care. Balanced-block crossover experiment and questionnaire study. One stop clinic for symptomatic breast patients. Twenty-four practising breast clinicians from United Kingdom National Health Service hospitals. A web-based CDS system. Clinicians made significantly more deviations from guideline recommendations without decision support (60 out of 120 errors without CDS; 16 out of 120 errors with CDS, P<0.001). Ignoring minor deviations, 16 potentially critical errors arose in the no-decision-support arm of the trial compared with just one (P=0.001) when decision support was available. Opinions of participating clinicians towards the CDS tool became more positive after they had used it (P<0.025). The use of decision support capabilities in TA may yield significant measurable benefits for quality and safety of patient care. This is an important option for improving compliance with evidence-based practice guidelines

Photoacoustic Sentinel Lymph Node Imaging with Self-Assembled Copper Neodecanoate Nanoparticles

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is emerging as a novel, hybrid, and non-ionizing imaging modality because of its satisfactory spatial resolution and high soft tissue contrast. PAT combines the advantages of both optical and ultrasonic imaging methods. It opens up the possibilities for noninvasive staging of breast cancer and may replace sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in clinic in the near future. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that copper can be used as a contrast metal for near-infrared detection of SLN using PAT. A unique strategy is adopted to encapsulate multiple copies of Cu as organically soluble small molecule complexes within a phospholipid-entrapped nanoparticle. The nanoparticles assumed a size of 80–90 nm, which is the optimum hydrodynamic diameter for its distribution throughout the lymphatic systems. These particles provided at least 6-fold higher signal sensitivity in comparison to blood, which is a natural absorber of light. We also demonstrated that high SLN detection sensitivity with PAT can be achieved in a rodent model. This work clearly demonstrates for the first time the potential use of copper as an optical contrast agent