Occurrences of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Vellar estuary and shrimp ponds

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the predominant seafood pathogen associated with human gastroenteritis. Samples were collected from Vellar estuary, shrimp ponds and shrimp for characterization of V. parahaemolyticus. A total of 26 blue green centre (BG) Vibrio strains were isolated and characterized through biochemical tests, toxR gene and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Based on pathogenic characteristics, six strains were confirmed as pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. This report implies that preventative measure must be taken before consumption of fish and shrimp.Keywords: Estuary, shrimp pond, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, protease, haemolysis, toxR geneAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(14), pp. 1624-162

Vibrio alginolytigus causing shell disease in the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal 1775)

1359-1363Scylla serrata is one of the most cultured mud crab species in the aquaculture which is also susceptible to shell disease. In the present study, Vibrio alginolyticus MF680287.1 caused by shell disease and isolated from infected mud crab S. serrata grow out pond located at Mahendrapalli, Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, India. Further, gross observation of infected mud crab showed shell lesion on the dorsal carapace. The histological examination of normal and diseased mud crab S. serrata carapace and gills was conducted. The shell lesion affected in the S. serrata carapace layers showed loss of membrenous layer and epithilium. The bacterial colonies were abundant in the cuticle. The gill lamellae showed cuticlar damage in the formation of haemocyte nodules and eosinophilic granular cells

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences RESEARCH ARTICLE ARTICALTICLE IMMUNOBIOLOGY ROLE OF THE IMMUNE ORGAN (THYMUS) IN MYSTUS GULIO Corresponding Author

The present work focused on role of the immune organ in the thymus of Mystus gulio. Haemopoietic tissue was found mainly in the spleen, head kidney, thymus and a small amount occurred in the mesonephros. The clearance of the intraperitoneally injected colloidal carbon was carried out. The phagocyte uptake of carbon, after its intraperitoneal injection. It was first detected in the thymus at 30 min after injection. This article can be downloaded from www.ijpbs.net B- 402KEY WORDS Carbon phagocytosis, Mystus gulio, immune organ and macrophage

BIOSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM MANGROVE BARK – RHIZOPHORA MUCRONATA EXTRACT

Objective: The present study attempted to synthesize AgNPs from mangrove bark Rhizophora mucronata and analyze characteristics. The synthesized AgNPs analyzed with UV–vis spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) for confirming the nanoparticles. Methods: The dried R. mucronata bark was powdered and kept in at 55°C for 15 min in a water bath and cooled at room temperature to get the extract. The R. mucronata bark extract was treated with silver nitrate and kept overnight in the dark environment which will turn the solution to dark brown color. The silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV–visible absorption at room temperature. Further characterization was also done with X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscope measurements, and DLS analysis. Results: The synthesized AgNPs were analyzed with various analytical methods that revealed the abundant presence of silver nanoparticles. The UV–vis spectroscopy analysis exposed the surface plasmon resonance peak of 422 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis indicated the size ranging from 10 nm to 200 nm in diameter and a spherical shaped poly dispersal of the particles. The energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and DLS also confirmed the presence of silver atoms. Conclusion: Silver nanoparticles of Rhizophora mucronata bark revealed a well-defined structure and may be used in antimicrobial function in further researches

Secondary Aquaculture Practices to Treat Shrimp Farm Discharge Accelarated by Oyster

Biological treatment aims at using plants and animals to reduce nutrients load and particulate matter in shrimp farm discharge. Although extensive literature isnbsp available on the different types of shrimp culture practices, its advantages and disadvantages including the impact caused due to enormous application of chemicals such as antibiotics and use of robotics, he information available on the treatment of effluent in general and biological methods in particular are very scarce. The extensive search of literature revealednbspnbsp that only a few works are available in the direction and the following works are worth mentioning. Some researchers used Halophytes for the treatment of aquaculture effluents and the solid management and removal for intensive land based aquaculture production system. However, information on the commercial utilization of coastal organisms and their possible extent of removal of water from the culture pond by growing them as secondary cultivars are wanting. Biodegradation of farm wastes could be accelerated by employing biological treatment using various important cultivable organisms such as edible oysters, mussels, clams, seaweeds and similar others. Hence these organisms can be effectively cultured as secondary species to provide added income to the shrimp farmers apart from cleaning the discharge waters

Nimbolide-induced oxidative stress abrogates STAT3 signaling cascade and inhibits tumor growth in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate model

AIMS: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. Currently available therapies for metastatic PCa are only marginally effective; hence novel treatment modalities are urgently required. Considerable evidence(s) suggest that deregulated activation of oncogenic transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of PCa. Thus agents that can abrogate STAT3 activation could form the basis of novel therapy for PCa patients. In the present study, we analyzed whether the potential anticancer effects of nimbolide (NL), a limonoid triterpene derived from Azadirachtaindica, against PCa cell lines and transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model are mediated through the negative regulation of STAT3 pathway. RESULTS: Data from the in vitro studies indicated that NL could significantly inhibit cell viability, induce apoptosis and suppress cellular invasion and migration. Interestingly, NL also abrogated STAT3 activation, and this effect was found to be mediated via an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to GSH/GSSG imbalance. Oral administration of NL significantly suppressed the tumor growth and metastasis in TRAMP mouse model without exhibiting any significant adverse effects. INNOVATION: The present study demonstrates the critical role of GSH/GSSG imbalance-mediated ROS production contributing to the STAT3 inhibitory and tumor suppressive effect of NL in PCa. CONCLUSION: Overall our findings indicate that NL exhibits significant anticancer effects in PCa that may be primarily mediated through the ROS-regulated inhibition of STAT3 signaling cascade

Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Tris DBA) abrogates tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma and multiple myeloma preclinical models by regulating the STAT3 signaling pathway

Simple Summary: STAT3 is a major oncogenic transcription factor that is constitutively activated in many types of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and multiple myeloma (MM). Many STAT3 inhibitors have gained momentum in clinical trials towards the treatment of various cancers. In the present study, we have investigated the STAT3 inhibitory efficacy of Tris DBA, a palladium-based compound, in HCC and MM cancer cells and preclinical cancer models. Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Tris DBA) abrogated the STAT3 signaling pathway in both models by elevating the expression of SHP2. Functionally, Tris DBA inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and regressed tumor metastasis. Although many studies propose Tris DBA as a modulator of MAPK, Akt, phospho-S6 kinase, and N-myristoyltransferase-1, we have comprehensively demonstrated for the first time that Tris DBA is an inhibitor of STAT3 signaling in preclinical cancer models. These results support the consideration of Tris DBA in clinical trials in translational relevance. STAT3 is an oncogenic transcription factor that controls the expression of genes associated with oncogenesis and malignant progression. Persistent activation of STAT3 is observed in human malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we have investigated the action of Tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium 0 (Tris DBA) on STAT3 signaling in HCC and MM cells. Tris DBA decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, and inhibited IL-6 induced/constitutive activation of STAT3, JAK1, JAK2, and Src in HCC and MM cells. Tris DBA downmodulated the nuclear translocation of STAT3 and reduced its DNA binding ability. It upregulated the expression of SHP2 (protein and mRNA) to induce STAT3 dephosphorylation, and the inhibition of SHP2 reversed this effect. Tris DBA downregulated the expression of STAT3-driven genes, suppressed cell migration/invasion. Tris DBA significantly inhibited tumor growth in xenograft MM and orthotopic HCC preclinical mice models with a reduction in the expression of various prosurvival biomarkers in MM tumor tissues without displaying significant toxicity. Overall, Tris DBA functions as a good inhibitor of STAT3 signaling in preclinical HCC and MM models