Architectural Innovation Capability and Performance: The Moderating Role of Absorptive Capacity

Knowledge processing capabilities including knowledge creation and absorptive capacity are required to renew a firm’s knowledge stock. These capabilities keep firms abreast of technological and market changes as they enable a proactive approach in responding to these changes. An outdated knowledge stock and the overlooking of changes in external knowledge are destructive in today’s competitive environment; firms in these circumstances risk being caught in competency traps and rigidities. Hence, knowledge exploitation has an indispensable role in enhancing innovation. This thesis focuses on architectural innovation which is the capability to reconfigure products’ components and so create novel products. It requires the creation of new architectural knowledge while reserving the component knowledge. Although this innovation capability relies profoundly on creating new architectural knowledge, it is also important that firms are competent in absorbing external knowledge. Although the literature on new product development performance captures innovation as a prerequisite of performance, it is yet unclear how architectural innovation capability affects performance. Therefore, this thesis explores the interaction effect of architectural innovation capability and absorptive capacity on firms’ performance. Although knowledge creation coined with organisation’s absorptive capacity drive innovation, the innovation literature over the last two decades emphasises integrating knowledge from external sources, particularly from lead users. Lead users’ contribution to product quality is one of the under-researched areas. In addition to the dearth of empirical research, quality was measured by experts’ judgment; it is possible that this judgment may be a biased evaluation of quality compared with a quantitative scale devoted to measure quality. To overcome the previous research’s limitation in measuring quality, this research examines how lead users’ integration promotes product quality as measured using a validated scale. The developed theoretical framework links knowledge creation with architectural innovation capability; at the same time it explores the interaction effect of architectural innovation capability and absorptive capacity on new product development performance. Furthermore, the theoretical model captures the effect of lead users’ integration on development time and product quality. Empirical findings, based on primary data collected from 196 UK manufacturing companies show that, knowledge creation modes (socialisation and internalisation) have a positive effect on enhancing architectural innovation capability. Also, absorptive capacity interaction with architectural innovation capability affects financial performance. Assimilation and transformation strengthen innovation’s impact on performance, while exploitation weakens this effect. Finally, the analysis shows that the integration of lead users positively affects development speed and product quality. Overall, this study contributes to the literature on knowledge processing capabilities by suggesting that knowledge creation is one of the underlying capabilities needed for innovation. In addition, this research contributes to the sheer amount of literature on absorptive capacity, by suggesting that different capacities have different effects on innovation and performance. The major value added by this research relates to architectural innovation capability; the findings suggest that both knowledge processing capabilities and absorptive capacity affect the capability to create new linkages between product components and technologies

The effect of drought on the growth and development of oil palm - a review / Mohammad Azzam A. Haris

Drought can caused water deficiency which can interrupt the growth and development of oil palm. The drought or water shortage can inhibit the growth and development of leaf, fruit and root. Oil palm needs an average rainfall of 150 mm/month, with dry periods not more than 2 to 3 months. The relative air humidity must be above 75% in the whole year. The average for a minimum annual rainfall about 1800 mm which is at optimal rate and can raise up to 2500 mm without give any effect . There are several factors that can causes drought which are low precipitation, dry season, El-Nino, erosion and human activities and climate changes. All this factors will give an effect on growth and development of oil palm. The water shortage or drought can lead to growth inhibition of leaf, fruit and root of oil palm. Short period of drought or temperatures below 18°C does not significantly affect vegetative growth but reduced yield .The drought can make reduce the production of oil palm by reduced oil palm fruit weight. Oil palm smallholder and estate can reduce the effect of drought by creating a pond and water tank reservoir is necessary for drought protection

Situating Interprofessional Education Curriculum within a Theoretical Framework for Productive Engaged Learning: Integrating Epistemology, Theory, and Competencies

Interprofessional education (IPE) has a longstanding presence in the health and social care (HASC) professions, by which its sustainable implementation in HASC professional education has the potential to effectively prepare HASC professional students for interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP). Implementation of IPE has increased over the last two decades with the emergence of a curriculum guided by constructivist epistemology and learning theories that emphasize demonstrating competence in practice. Nonetheless, since IPE first emerged in the early 1960s, most IPE initiatives have been sporadic and lacked guidance through theoretical underpinnings. This conceptual article first discusses why it is important to have theory drive HASC professional education. Next, it explores what is meant by curriculum, followed by a discussion on the importance of curriculum theory to HASC professional education processes. This article then illustrates the learning theories arising from behaviourist and constructivist epistemologies that inform curriculum theory in the HASC professions, with particular emphasis on how constructivist learning theories inform IPE. Lastly, the article proposes a theoretical framework for productive engaged learning through which IPE opportunities may be grounded, leading to student proficiency in interprofessional professional competencies (knowledge, skills, and dispositions), establishment of professional communities of practice, and eventual improvement of patient/client-oriented outcomes

Dinamika periklanan pada televisi lokal Semarang di era pandemi

Pandemi Covid-19 yang mulai terjadi Indonesia sejak Maret 2020 berdampak di hampir semua lini kehidupan, seperti sektor ekonomi, kebijakan publik, dan dunia pertelevisian. Aturan pembatasan oleh pemerintah dan ketakutan akan tertular wabah menjadi sebab paling berpengaruh terhadap sektor-sektor lain. Periklanan televisi yang menjadi salah satu elemen utama keberlangsungan industri televisi lokal Semarang, sangat bersinggungan dengan sektor-sektor terdampak di atas. Penelitian ini akan menunjukkan dinamika periklanan televisi lokal semarang selama terjadi pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Televisi lokal Semarang yang dimaksud ialah IMTV Semarang, TVKU dan MAJT TV. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana pandemi mempengaruhi aktivitas periklanan televisi dan bagaimana industri televisi menyikapinya. Selain itu, ditunjukkan juga faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perbedaan dampak dan sikap dari masing-masing televisi yang menjadi objek penelitian. Pembahasan itu dikupas menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan grounded theory. Narasumber yang menjadi sumber penggalian data adalah perwakilan dari IMTV Semarang, TVKU, MAJT TV yang dipilih sesuai dengan proses theoretical sampling. Hasil dari penelitian menyebutkan bahwa terjadi perubahan cukup signifikan pada perolehan pendapatan iklan televisi lokal di masa pandemi. TVKU dan IMTV Semarang kehilangan pendapatan hingga separuh lebih dibanding saat situasi normal. Sedangkan MAJT TV sebagai televisi komunitas yang bersifat semi komersial justru mengalami kenaikan pendapatan iklan. Di masa krisis MAJT TV yang memiliki identitas televisi dakwah tetap konsisten memberikan tayangan dakwah. Faktor perbedaan dampak yang diterima masing-masing televisi berasal dari beberapa faktor seperti latar belakang perusahaan dan sistem manajemen. Untuk tetap bertahan dan pulih dari kondisi sulit, televisi lokal Semarang memiliki strategi-strategi tersendiri. Strategi yang pasti digunakan oleh setiap televisi lokal di Semarang berupa membuat program berkonsep virtual, memberikan potongan harga kepada pengiklan dan memberikan pelayanan lebih bagi pengiklan untuk mempertahankan pengiklan tersebu

Electric Scooter with Efficient Power Monitoring and Extended Distance

Electric scooter is one of the popular options of vehicle nowadays, it is either comes in as Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) or Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV). The distance for the electric scooter could travelled does not reach users’ expectation compared to normal petrol powered scooter is one of the reasons why people choose to have normal petrol powered electric scooter instead of electric scooter. Electric scooters are always equipped with an indicator or known as Battery Monitoring System (BMS) for the user to check on the battery conditions which is not really accurate as the battery behaviour is a complex electrochemical component. BMS functions as a component to determine the battery level, speed as well as the distance range

Systemic, Institutional, and Teaching Factors in the Delivery of Interprofessional Education Curriculum in Canada

The Canadian federal and several provincial governments are currently collaborating to establish ‘team-based’ primary healthcare—or interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP), which can be effectively accomplished when interprofessional education (IPE) is sustainably delivered by health and social care (HASC) professional education programs. Indeed, achieving the intended patient/client-oriented outcomes of IPE and subsequent IPCP requires deliberate and purposeful considerations of several systemic, institutional, and teaching factors. Regrettably, the analyses of the extent to which these factors have influenced effective IPCP is currently under-researched. In this integrated-article dissertation, we took a purposeful and systematic approach to explore the extent to which these multi-tiered factors influence effective IPCP in the Canadian context. First, we conducted a systematic review (Chapter 2) to familiarize ourselves with and explore when and where IPE has been implemented over the past decade (2010–2020). Next, we conducted a comparative document analysis (Chapter 3) of Canadian HASC professional accreditation standards documents, through which we evaluated the accountability of interprofessional-relevant accreditation standards―to which accrediting organizations can hold their respective academic programs accountable. These two research studies revealed three major research gaps: (1) that most IPE initiatives lacked use of theoretical/conceptual frameworks; (2) that the IPE-relevant accreditation standards overwhelmingly emphasized Students and Educational Program domains, thereby potentially compromising the sustainability of IPE; and (3) that longer IPE initiatives with greater intensity and more rigorous methodological and assessments methods are warranted. To address the first research gap, we present a conceptual paper (Chapter 4) in which we discussed the importance of curriculum and learning theories to HASC professional education processes and proposed a theoretical framework for productive engaged learning, through which IPE opportunities may be grounded. To address the second and third research gaps, we explored the integration of IPE curriculum models in the programmatic structures at four, large Canadian post-secondary institutions (Chapter 5). We further explored the enablers, barriers/challenges, limitations, and outcomes of these curriculum models, as perceived by IPE facilitators and preceptors and whether they truly lead to effective IPCP (Chapter 6). This research reinforces global and national efforts to promote sustainable IPE with aim to improve patient/client-centred care

Presentation and treatment of pediatric supracondylar fractures of the distal humerus at Prince Rashid ibn Al-Hasan Military hospital

Background: A supracondylar humerus fracture (SCH) is one of the common fractures that are seen in the pediatric age group, with the most common age (5-7) years as described in the literature. Objectives was to study the presentation and treatment of SCH fractures in children at Prince Rashid bin Al Hassan Military Hospital, Jordanian Royal Medical Services. Methods: This study followed a retrospective design. Patients’ ages (1-14) years who attended the emergency department of Prince Rashid Hospital and were diagnosed with SCH were included in this study. All these patients’ data were statistically analyzed; descriptive analysis was performed for all variables. An association analysis used a chi-square test to find any association between the study variables and treatment modality variables. Results: The commonest age is 5 and 2 years; the male gender is more affected by the SCH fracture, and the left upper extremity is more affected by this fracture. The commonest direction of fracture displacement is posteromedial, with a percentage of 72.1%. Only 21.3% of SCH fractures required conservative treatment. The results showed an association between treatment modality and both directions of displacement and fracture type. Conclusions: A SCH fracture is one of the common fractures involving the pediatric age group that requires surgical intervention; 79.7% of cases require surgical intervention. Distal radius fracture is the most commonly associated injury with the SCH fracture. This study found an association between the treatment modality with both displacement direction and fracture type

Determinants of Foreign Investment in Listed Firms at the Amman Stock Exchange

This study investigates the factors that may affect whether foreigners invest in a firm. A panel data set of 2,413 firm-year observations of listed firms at the Amman Stock Exchange was analyzed from 2002 to 2019. The results show that foreigners prefer to invest in large firms that have a dividends policy, a high-quality governance system and external auditing. Local institutional ownership and governmental ownership are found to be insignificantly associated with foreign investment. More interestingly, these results are reported after controlling for possible confounding events that are most likely to affect foreigners’ decisions. Specifically, foreign investment is found to have been negatively affected by the global financial crisis (2007 to 2009). This study contributes to the literature by providing evidence that each capital market has its own features, thus the generalizability of the findings, even between developing countries, is questionable

Analysis of Influence of Masks Flow on Intake Valve of Gas and Oil Fuel Engine Based Simulation

Turbulent flow in the combustion chamber affects the combustion process which also affects the engine performance. The turbulent flow intensity can increase the duration of combustion, but too much turbulent turbulent flow leads to a tap. In addition, turbulent flow also contributes to the gas-water mixing process. There are two types of turbulent flow that occur inside the machine, which is a current vortex and a falling current. The current whirl is better known as the swirl flow and the falling current is better known as the tumble flow. The fluid flow in the combustion chamber can be adjusted by optimizing the engine components and developing the engine design. A review has been made of the vortex and Tumble flow on a luminous spark machine and its effect on turbulence and fire propagation. From several journals available to create tumble and swirl streams in the combustion chamber, they use modifications to the intake valve by adding vin to create a swirl stream and adding a mask to create a tumble stream. to know the experiment was successful or not, first modeling and then perform simulation using CFD Ansys Fluent. for the variables choose 3mask, 4mask, and 5mask (for addition of mask) which later dilih air flow formed by the addition of mask