Relação Entre Traços Psiológicos de Resiliência e Perdão em Pessoas Deslocadas Internamente

Aim: In general, conflict has many adverse effects on individuals’ lives. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological trait resilience and forgiveness among internally displaced persons (IDPs). Method: The sample consisted of 244 IDPs (111 males and 133 females) who have been exposed to various stressful situations. Age of participants ranged between 18 and 60 years (M = 32.63 years, SD = 8.18). Psychological Trait Resilience Scale and Enright Forgiveness Inventory were used through a cross-sectional study to collect data. Results: The results showed that IDPs reported low levels of resilience and forgiveness. The results also indicated that ecological resilience was positively related with emotional, behavioral, and cognitive forgiveness, while engineering resilience was positively related with emotional and cognitive forgiveness. Adaptive resilience was found to be positively related with emotional forgiveness. Regression analysis indicated that ecological resilience uniquely predicted emotional, behavioral, and cognitive forgiveness after controlling for demographic characteristics. Conclusion: These results suggest that higher levels of resilience are important for forgiveness among IDPs. Interventions aiming to enhance IDPs’ forgiveness should account for psychological trait resilience.Objetivo: O conflito tem efeitos adversos na vida dos indivíduos. O propósito deste estudo foi examinar a relação entre traços psicológicos de resiliência e perdão entre pessoas deslocadas internamente (IDPs). Método: A amostra foi composta por 244 IDPs (111 homens e 133 mulheres) estiveram expostos a diferentes situações stressantes. A idade dos participantes variou entre 18 e 60 anos (M = 32.63, SD = 8.18). A escala de Traços Psicológicos de Resiliência e o Inventário de Perdão de Enright foram usados para recolha de dados num estudo transversal. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que os IDPs tendem ser menos resilientes e capazes de perdoar do que a população em geral. Os resultados mostraram também que a resiliência ecológica estava positivamente correlacionada com o perdão emocional e comportamental, ao passo que resiliência de engenharia estava positivamente correlacionada com perdão emocional e cognitivo. A resiliência adaptativa mostrou-se positivamente correlacionada com o perdão emocional. Análises de regressão indicaram a resiliência ecológica como preditor único do perdão emocional, comportamental, e cognitivo, após controlar as características sociodemográficas. Conclusão: Estes resultados sugerem que níveis mais altos de resiliência são importantes para o perdão entre os IDPs. Intervenções que visem melhorar o perdão dos IDPs devem ter em consideração a resiliência de traço psicológico

A Study For Learning Attitudes and Behaviors in Elderly Consumer Market and Recommendations For Market Strategies: the Akçakoca Case

DergiPark: 503792trakyasobedGrowing number of elderly people is making the appetite of both marketers and managers who are interested in tourism. Despite the lack of literacy related to gerontology, elderly consumers are creating a large and profitable market segment with their free time and disposable income. In many countries, including Turkey "elderly" are defined as people consume more and exhibit different attitudes and behaviors from other individuals. Learning these attitudes and behaviors will change the content, presentation, and expectations of the products and services to be presented. As a result of this research conducted to reveal the buying attitudes and behaviors of elderly consumers, it is concluded that the elderly prefer to aging older with their grandchildren / children and secondly they prefer to aging in their own homes/alone. In addition, while the elderly the most spend their grandchildren's needs, they are followed by medical services, clothing, getting gifts to spouse/friend, hot spring holidays and 5-star holidays. In this sense, 5-star hotel managers should make more efforts to stimulate demand and get more shares in the elderly market. Other results of this study; participants did not prefer hot spring or healing water during their holidays, they did not buy the products they see in advertisements, they did not participate in exciting, energetic and fast activities, they did not listen to radio at home and they did not make purchases with credit cards. One of the remarkable results of the study is that there is a significant relationship between demographic factors and the places where elderly individuals want to get old and where they spend. According to this, it is observed that as the education level increases, people tend to aging more in their own homes and people in different age, gender, education and retirement needs help in different subjects.Giderek önemi ve sayıca ağırlığı artan yaşlı nüfus hem pazarlamacıların hem de turizmle ilgilenen yöneticilerin iştahını kabartmaktadır. Literatürdeki gerontoloji ile ilgili alan yazın boşluğuna rağmen yaşlı tüketiciler sahip oldukları boş zaman ve harcanabilir gelirleriyle büyük ve karlı bir pazar bölümünü oluşturmaktadırlar. Türkiye dâhil birçok ülkede “yaşlı” olarak tanımlanan kişiler daha fazla tüketim eylemi içinde olmakta ve diğer bireylerden farklı tutum ve davranışlar sergilemektedirler. Yaşlı tüketicilerin satın alma tutum ve davranışlarını ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılan bu araştırma sonucunda, yaşlıların en çok torunlarının/çocuklarının yanında yaşlanmak istedikleri, ikinci sırada ise kendi evlerinde/yalnız yaşlanmayı tercih ettikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca yaşlılar en çok torunlarına harcama yaparken, bunu sırasıyla medikal hizmetler, kıyafet, eşe/dosta hediyeler alma, kaplıca/şifalı su tatilleri ve 5yıldızlı tatiller takip etmektedir. Bu anlamda 5yıldızlı otel yöneticileri talebi canlandırmak ve yaşlı pazardan daha çok pay alabilmek için daha fazla çaba göstermeliler. Bu araştırma neticesinde ortaya çıkan diğer sonuçlar; katılımcıların tatillerinde kaplıca veya şifalı su tercih etmediği, reklamlarda gördükleri ürünleri satın almadıkları, heyecanlı, enerjik ve hızlı aktivitelere katılmadıkları, evde radyo dinlemedikleri ve kredi kartıyla alışveriş yapmadıkları yönündedir. Araştırmanın dikkat çeken sonuçlarından birisi de demografik faktörler ile yaşlı bireylerin yaşlanmak istedikleri yer ve harcama yaptıkları alanlar arasında anlamlı ilişkinin bulunmasıdır. Buna göre eğitim seviyesi arttıkça kişilerin daha çok kendi evlerinde yalnız yaşlanmaya eğilimli olduğu ve farklı yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim ve emeklilik durumundaki kişilerin birbirlerinden farklı konularda yardıma ihtiyaç duydukları görülmüştür

WHY DO PEOPLE HIGH IN COVID-19 WORRY HAVE MORE MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS? THE ROLES OF RESILIENCE AND MEANING IN LIFE

Background: The existing literature has not adequately studied the influence of COVID-19 worry on mental health disorders. This study tested the mediating roles of resilience and meaning in life between COVID-19 worry and mental health disorders. Subjects and methods: We recruited 284 Arabic speaking young adults (60.6% females; mean age = 26.25±7.57 years) to complete the COVID-19 Worry Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Meaning in Life Measure, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: Results showed that COVID-19 worry negatively predicted resilience and meaning in life and positively predicted mental health disorders. Furthermore, indirect effect of COVID-19 worry on mental health disorders via resilience and meaning in life was significant. Conclusion: These results will contribute to find effective measures to prevent mental health disorders and promote reduced mental health disorders from the perspective of mitigating COVID-19 worry and increasing resilience and meaning in life

Metropolitan municipality analysis on scale of Kahramanmaraş

Türkiye’de şehirlerin nüfus ve mekânsal alan olarak büyümesi ve toplumun belediyelerden hizmet beklentilerinin artması, belediye kanununda yeni düzenlemeler yapma ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. Bu nedenle, 1982 Anayasasında büyük yerleşim birimleri için özel yönetim birimleri kurulabilir hükmü getirilmiş ve bu hükme dayanılarak 1984 yılında ilk defa büyükşehir belediyesi (BŞB) kurulmuştur. Daha sonra büyükşehir belediyesi ile ilgili birkaç düzenleme yapılmış ve son olarak 2012 yılında 6360 Sayılı Büyükşehir Belediye Kanunu çıkarılmıştır. Bu kanunla birlikte 2014 yılı yerel seçimlerinden sonra büyükşehir olan Kahramanmaraş’ta, belediye sınırı il mülki sınırları ile birleştirilmiş, belde belediyeleri kapatılmış, belde, bucak ve köylerin idari statüleri kaldırılarak tüzel kişiliği olmayan mahalle statüsüne dönüştürülmüştür. Büyükşehir kanunu kabul edilmeden önce sadece şehir ve kasabaların mücavir alan sınırı içerisinde hizmet veren belediyeler, bu kanun ile beraber kırsal yerleşmelere de hizmet vermeye başlamıştır. Bu değişiklik belediye yönetim anlayışında bir ezberi bozmuş ve merkez (şehir) yönetiminden mekânsal alan yönetimine geçilmiştir. Kahramanmaraş Büyükşehir Belediyesi’nin hizmet alanının mülki sınırlar olarak belirlenmesi ve belde belediyelerinin kapatılması ölçek ekonomileri bakımından olumlu bir gelişme olup belediye hizmetlerinin etkin ve verimli sunulması yoluyla hizmet birim maliyetlerinin düşürülmesi sağlanacaktır. Fakat il merkezinden yüksek ve sıradağlarla ayrılmış kuzey bölgelerinde hizmet maliyetinin artacağı, görev, yetki, sorumluluk, temsil ve katılım açısından önemli değişiklikler ortaya çıkacağı belirlenmiştir. Kahramanmaraş ilindeki belediyeler arasında değişen görev, yetki ve sorumluluk dağılımının rantabl bir şekilde sürdürülmesi mümkün görülmemektedir. Büyükşehir belediyesinin yükümlü olduğu hizmetlerini sorumlu olduğu bölgelere götürmesinde ilin coğrafi büyüklüğü, topografik çeşitliliği ve mekânsal uzaklığı hizmetlerin kalite ve birim maliyeti kadar hizmetin ihtiyaç olduğu zamanda ulaştırılmasını da etkileyecektir. Aynı zamanda şehirler için hazırlanan belediye mevzuatımız ve hizmet kültürümüz kırsal alanlara hizmet vermeye uygun değildir. Bu nedenle Büyükşehir Belediye Kanunu ile belediye hizmet alanına giren kırsal bölgelerde kırsal politikaların uygulanmasında yeni sorunlar ortaya çıkabilir. Öte yandan yerel yönetimlerde yetki, kaynak ve ölçek büyüklüğünü artıralım anlayışına dayanılarak yapılan yönetsel dönüşümle ve bütünşehir/büyükşehir düzenlemesi ile ilin coğrafi/mülki sınırlarına taşınması bölgesel yönetim tartışmalarını da beraberinde getirecektir.Growing expectations of public from municipalities and growing cities as in population and geopraphical create a need in new regulation in Municipaility Law in Turkey. Because of this, in 1982, a new law was effective which is constant of bringing new management organization in large population areas. Based upon this law, first metropolitan municipality was established in 1984. After that there has been some regulation, at last, Metropolitan municipality Law numbered as 6360 has been effective in 2012. Kahramanmaraş has become Metropolitan Municipality after elections in 2014, There have been some changes with becoming metropolitan municipality such as; Municipality border was combined with city borders., Town municipalites were closed, administrative statues of town, district, village were cancelled and they converted to neighborhood which has no legal entity. Before accepting Metropolitan Municipalites, municipalities which are giving services to town and cities are started to give sercies to rural settlements too. This changement made concept of management understanding and it become from central (city) management to area management. Defining borders of Metropolitan Municipality of Kahramanmaraş as city borders and closing town municipalites are positive improvement in term of economics scale. It also decrease cost of services and give services more effectively. However, there are some locations which are North of city and are seperated from city with high mountains. It is certain that cost of service will be higher in these locations and there will be important changes in duty, charge, responssabilities, contributions and representaion. It was not possible to continue giving servies in a profitable level in scope of distribution duty,charge and responsabilities because of these changes. Geopraphical growth, topographical diversity and spatial distance will effect quality and cost of services, delivering services in time needed. In the same time, our municipality legistation, services culture are not convenient in giving services in rural settlements. Because of this, there will be some problems in application of rural politics in rural settlements which are entered services area of municipality with Metropolitan Municipality Law. Moreover, some local managerial arguments will arise because of city borders changed from geopraphical and territorial borders with the changement of metropolictan city to big city arrangement, managerial transformation based upon duty, resource and scale increase understanding

Comparison of diferent lactation curve models of Anatolian Bufaloes

Bu araştırmada, farklı işletme koşullarında 2011-2013 yılları arasında yetiştirilen Anadolu mandalarına ait kontrol günü süt verim kayıtları kullanılarak sekiz farklı laktasyon eğrisi modeli karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, laktasyon eğrisinin tanımlanmasında Wood, Cobby ve Le Du, Üssel, Parabolik Üssel, Kuadratik, Ters Polinomiyal, Logaritmik Kuadratik, Logaritmik Linear modelleri kullanılmıştır. Laktasyon eğrisini en iyi tanımlayan modeli belirlemek için belirtme (R2) ve kalıntı standart sapma (KSS) katsayıları kriter olarak kullanılmıştır. En yüksek R2 ve en düşük KSS değerlerini veren Logaritmik Kuadratik ve Kuadratik modellerin en iyi uyumu gösteren modeller olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Logaritmik Kuadratik veya Kuadratik modeller ile tahmin edilen parametrelerin ıslah çalışmalarında kullanılması, bu yönde yapılacak araştırmalara önemli katkı sağlayacaktır.In this study, eight diferent lactation curve models were compared by using test day milk yield records belonging Anatolian Bufaloes raised in diferent Farm conditions between 2011 and 2013. To identify the best lactation curve models of Wood, Cobby and Le Du, Logaritmic Quadratic, Exponential, Parabolic exponential, Quadratic, Inverse Polynomial and Logaritmic Linear mathematical functions were used. The coefficient of determination (R2) and residual standard deviation (RSD) statistics were used for determination of best fitted model in lactation curve. Logaritmic Quadratic and Quadratic functions are the best goodness of fit model as having the highest R2 and lowest RSD coefficients. As a result, the parameters are estimated by logarithmic quadratic or quadratic models, for use in breeding programs will make an important contribution to research in this field

Differentiation of claustrum resting-state functional connectivity in healthy aging, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease

The claustrum is a sheet-like of telencephalic gray matter structure whose function is poorly understood. The claustrum is considered a multimodal computing network due to its reciprocal connections with almost all cortical areas as well as subcortical structures. Although the claustrum has been involved in several neurodegenerative diseases, specific changes in connections of the claustrum remain unclear in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Resting-state fMRI and T1-weighted structural 3D images from healthy elderly (n = 15), AD (n = 16), and PD (n = 12) subjects were analyzed. Seed-based FC analysis was performed using CONN FC toolbox and T1-weighted images were analyzed with the Computational Anatomy Toolbox for voxel-based morphometry analysis. While we observed a decreased FC between the left claustrum and sensorimotor cortex, auditory association cortex, and cortical regions associated with social cognition in PD compared with the healthy control group (HC), no significant difference was found in alterations in the FC of both claustrum comparing the HC and AD groups. In the AD group, high FC of claustrum with regions of sensorimotor cortex and cortical regions related to cognitive control, including cingulate gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and insular cortex were demonstrated. In addition, the structural results show significantly decreased volume in bilateral claustrum in AD and PD compared with HC. There were no significant differences in the claustrum volumes between PD and AD groups so the FC may offer more precise findings in distinguishing changes for claustrum in AD and PD

Validity and Reliability of the Glaucoma Knowledge Level Questionnaire

Objectives: The present study was conducted to develop an instrument for measuring adults’ glaucoma knowledge levels and to establish the instrument’s validity and reliability. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 811 persons aged 40-80 years who presented to primary health care institutions and did not have a glaucoma diagnosis. A 27-item questionnaire measuring level of glaucoma knowledge was created by the study team. Following expert consultation, it was structurally evaluated. The difficulty index and discrimination index were calculated for each item. Factor analysis was used to determine construct validity, Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient and item-total correlations were calculated to determine reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the extent to which the factor structure of the scale fit. We analysed correlation with the National Eye Health Education Program (NEHEP) Eye-Q scale in order to evaluate the validity of the scale. Results: The final glaucoma knowledge level questionnaire comprised 10 items in one dimension. The discrimination index and difficulty index ranged between 0.28 to 0.65 and 33 to 61%, respectively. According to factor analysis, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin score was 0.760 and Bartlett’s test indicated p<0.001. Confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable scale fit and fit indices. Validity assessment revealed a positive correlation between the total score of the items of the NEHEP scale and glaucoma knowledge level questionnaire score (r=0.522; p<0.001). Scores were higher in participants who were aged 40-64, living in the city, had education level of high school or above and had previous eye examination or intraocular pressure measurement. Conclusion: The glaucoma knowledge level questionnaire has the distinction of being the first valid and reliable scale for assessing level of glaucoma knowledge in Turkey

Combined metabolic activators improve metabolic functions in the animal models of neurodegenerative diseases

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are associated with metabolic abnormalities. Integrative analysis of human clinical data and animal studies have contributed to a better understanding of the molecular and cellular pathways involved in the progression of NDDs. Previously, we have reported that the combined metabolic activators (CMA), which include the precursors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and glutathione can be utilized to alleviate metabolic disorders by activating mitochondrial metabolism. Methods: We first analysed the brain transcriptomics data from AD patients and controls using a brain-specific genome-scale metabolic model (GEM). Then, we investigated the effect of CMA administration in animal models of AD and PD. We evaluated pathological and immunohistochemical findings of brain and liver tissues. Moreover, PD rats were tested for locomotor activity and apomorphine-induced rotation. Findings: Analysis of transcriptomics data with GEM revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the underlying molecular pathways of AD. In animal models of AD and PD, we showed significant damage in the high-fat diet groups' brain and liver tissues compared to the chow diet. The histological analyses revealed that hyperemia, degeneration and necrosis in neurons were improved by CMA administration in both AD and PD animal models. These findings were supported by immunohistochemical evidence of decreased immunoreactivity in neurons. In parallel to the improvement in the brain, we also observed dramatic metabolic improvement in the liver tissue. CMA administration also showed a beneficial effect on behavioural functions in PD rats. Interpretation: Overall, we showed that CMA administration significantly improved behavioural scores in parallel with the neurohistological outcomes in the AD and PD animal models and is a promising treatment for improving the metabolic parameters and brain functions in NDDs.PoLiMeR Innovative Training Network ; SNIC ; ScandiBio Therapeutics ; ScandiBio Therapeutics and Knut ; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftels

Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s disease patients: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with metabolic abnormalities linked to critical elements of neurodegeneration. We recently administered\ua0combined metabolic activators (CMA) to the AD rat model and observed that CMA improves the AD-associated histological parameters in the animals. CMA promotes mitochondrial fatty acid uptake from the cytosol, facilitates fatty acid oxidation in the mitochondria, and alleviates oxidative stress. Methods: Here, we designed a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II clinical trial and studied the effect of CMA administration on the global metabolism of AD patients. One-dose CMA included 12.35\ua0g L-serine (61.75%), 1\ua0g nicotinamide riboside (5%), 2.55\ua0g\ua0N-acetyl-L-cysteine (12.75%), and 3.73\ua0g L-carnitine tartrate (18.65%). AD patients received one dose of CMA or placebo daily during the first 28\ua0days and twice daily between day 28 and day 84. The primary endpoint was the difference in the cognitive function and daily living activity scores between the placebo and the treatment arms. The secondary aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of CMA. A comprehensive plasma metabolome and proteome analysis was also performed to evaluate the efficacy of the CMA in AD patients. Results: We showed a significant decrease of AD Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) score on day 84 vs day 0 (P = 0.00001, 29% improvement) in the CMA group. Moreover, there was a significant decline (P = 0.0073) in ADAS-Cog scores (improvement of cognitive functions) in the\ua0CMA compared to the placebo group in patients with higher ADAS-Cog scores. Improved cognitive functions in AD patients were supported by the relevant alterations in the hippocampal volumes and cortical thickness based on imaging analysis. Moreover, the plasma levels of proteins and metabolites associated with NAD + and glutathione metabolism were significantly improved after CMA treatment. Conclusion: Our results indicate that treatment of AD patients with CMA can lead to enhanced cognitive functions and improved clinical parameters associated with phenomics, metabolomics, proteomics and imaging analysis. Trial registration\ua0ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04044131 Registered 17 July 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04044131

Combined metabolic activators improve cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients: A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II trial

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with metabolic abnormalities linked to critical elements of neurodegeneration. We recently administered combined metabolic activators (CMA) to the AD rat model and observed that CMA improves the AD-associated histological parameters in the animals. CMA promotes mitochondrial fatty acid uptake from the cytosol, facilitates fatty acid oxidation in the mitochondria, and alleviates oxidative stress. Methods: Here, we designed a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase-II clinical trial and studied the effect of CMA administration on the global metabolism of AD patients. One-dose CMA included 12.35 g L-serine (61.75%), 1 g nicotinamide riboside (5%), 2.55 g N-acetyl-L-cysteine (12.75%), and 3.73 g L-carnitine tartrate (18.65%). AD patients received one dose of CMA or placebo daily during the first 28 days and twice daily between day 28 and day 84. The primary endpoint was the difference in the cognitive function and daily living activity scores between the placebo and the treatment arms. The secondary aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of CMA. A comprehensive plasma metabolome and proteome analysis was also performed to evaluate the efficacy of the CMA in AD patients. Results: We showed a significant decrease of AD Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) score on day 84 vs day 0 (P = 0.00001, 29% improvement) in the CMA group. Moreover, there was a significant decline (P = 0.0073) in ADAS-Cog scores (improvement of cognitive functions) in the CMA compared to the placebo group in patients with higher ADAS-Cog scores. Improved cognitive functions in AD patients were supported by the relevant alterations in the hippocampal volumes and cortical thickness based on imaging analysis. Moreover, the plasma levels of proteins and metabolites associated with NAD + and glutathione metabolism were significantly improved after CMA treatment. Conclusion: Our results indicate that treatment of AD patients with CMA can lead to enhanced cognitive functions and improved clinical parameters associated with phenomics, metabolomics, proteomics and imaging analysis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04044131 Registered 17 July 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04044131