Medical Treatment of Alopecia

Alopecia means partial or complete loss of hair from a part of the body where it exists naturally. It affects both men and women, and its treatment depends upon its cause, age of onset, and clinical presentation. It is divided into scarring and non-scarring alopecia. Scarring alopecia includes pseudopelade of Brocq, central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, folliculitis decalvans, acne keloidalis nuchae, lichen planopilaris, frontal fibrosing alopecia and discoid lupus erythematosus, traumatic i.e., injury, radiation and post-operative scarring alopecia and certain neoplasms. Common causes of non-scarring alopecia are androgenic alopecia, alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, anagen effluvium, trichotillomania, traction alopecia, pressure-induced alopecia, alopecia due to iron deficiency, thyroid disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Topical remedies available are minoxidil 2 and 5%, topical & intralesional steroids, topical sensitization, anthralin, retinoids, tacrolimus, garlic, ketoconazole and prostaglandin analogs. Among systemic treatments, finasteride, steroids, immunosuppressant like azathioprine, methotrexate, sulfasalazine, zinc sulfate and iron are widely accepted. The phototherapies, photo-chemotherapies, platelet rich plasma (PRP) therapy, pharmacogenetics and hair transplant are new remedies for alopecia. It is concluded that minoxidil, finasteride, PRP, and hair transplant are the most widely being used modalities for alopecia

Evaluación de la resistencia a la tracción del acrílico después de la desinfección con agua ozonizada y microondas.

Background: There is a need for safe disinfection methods without a detrimental effect on the acrylic denture base. Aim: the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of ozonated water and two protocols of microwave disinfection on tensile bond strength of high-impact acrylic. Material and methods: Eighty samples were divided into four major groups: one control and three experimental groups, 20 specimens each. The experimental groups each received either disinfection by ozonated water, microwave 850W/1min, or microwave 650W/6min. Further division of the major groups into two sub-groups depending on the number of disinfection cycles and total immersion time in distilled water: One cycle and one day versus seven cycles and seven days. The control group specimens were immersed in distilled water without any disinfection for either one day or seven days. Tensile strength testing was performed on the specimens from the eight groups. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 21#. The ANOVA and Tukey-HSD multiple comparison tests were used for comparison for groups. Results: A non-significant difference in the tensile strength was observed in the groups subjected to one cycle of ozone or microwave disinfection at 850W/1min. There was a significant decrease in tensile strength for the specimens subjected to one cycle of 650W/6min microwaving. The number of testing cycles and storage time in distilled water had a significant impact on the tensile strength of the acrylic in all tested groups, by decreasing it. Conclusion: Ozone disinfection and microwaving at 850W for one minute did not affect the tensile strength of the acrylic, but repeated disinfection over seven days at one cycle per day impaired the tensile strength of the acrylic resin.Antecedentes: Existe la necesidad de métodos de desinfección seguros sin un efecto perjudicial sobre la base de prótesis acrílica. Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto del agua ozonizada y dos protocolos de desinfección por microondas sobre la resistencia a la tracción del acrílico de alto impacto. Material y Métodos: Ochenta muestras se dividieron en cuatro grandes grupos: un grupo control y tres grupos experimentales, 20 especímenes cada uno. Cada grupo experimental recibió desinfección con agua ozonizada, microondas de 850 W/1 min o microondas de 650 W/6 min. Los grupos principales se dividieron en dos subgrupos según el número de ciclos de desinfección y el tiempo total de inmersión en agua destilada: un ciclo y un día versus siete ciclos y siete días. Las muestras del grupo de control se sumergieron en agua destilada sin ninguna desinfección durante uno o siete días, respectivamente. Se realizaron pruebas de resistencia a la tracción en las muestras de los ocho grupos. Los datos fueron analizados por SPSS versión 21. Se utilizaron las pruebas de comparación múltiple ANOVA y Tukey-HSD para la comparación entre grupos.. Resultados: Se observó una diferencia no significativa en la resistencia a la tracción en los grupos sometidos a un ciclo de desinfección con ozono o microondas a 850 W/1 min. Hubo una disminución significativa en la resistencia a la tracción para las muestras sometidas a un ciclo de microondas de 650 W/6 min. El número de ciclos de prueba junto al tiempo de almacenamiento en agua destilada tuvieron un impacto significativo en la resistencia a la tracción del acrílico en todos los grupos probados, al disminuirla. Conclusión: La desinfección con ozono y el microondas a 850 W durante un minuto no afectaron la resistencia a la tracción del acrílico, pero la desinfección repetida durante siete días en un ciclo por día afectó la resistencia a la tracción de la resina acrílica

IDENTIFIKASI BI RATE, INDEKS HARGA SAHAM KOMPOSIT (IHSG), UANG BEREDAR TERHADAP INFLASI DI INDONESIA

This study aims to identify the effect of the BI Rate, the composite stock price index (IHSG), and the money supply on inflation in Indonesia. The research method used for data analysis is the assumption of normality error, multicollinearity assumption, non-autocorrelation assumption, homoscedasticity assumption, multiple linear regression and t test. The type of research used in this research is descriptive quantitative. So that the results of the analysis will be explained according to the data analysis technique used. The results of the determinant coefficient test obtained a value of r which is a reflection of the BI Rate, JCI and Money Supply variables, which are able to explain or explain the inflation variable of 75.23%, the remaining 24.77% is explained by other variables. Based on the results of the t test, it was found that the BI Rate alone significantly affected inflation in the data series from 2005 to 2022. Meanwhile, the JCI and money supply did not significantly affect inflation in the data series from 2005 to 2022. It can be said that not all variables are always significant according to the hypothesis, and the number of years of research also affects it.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh BI Rate, indeks harga saham komposit (IHSG), dan uang beredar terhadap inflasi di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk analisis data yaitu asumsi normality error, asumsi multikolinieritas, asumsi non-autokorelasi, asumsi homoskedastisitas, regresi linear berganda dan uji t. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif deskriptif. Sehingga hasil dari analisis nantinya dijelaskan sesuai teknik analisis data yang digunakan. Hasil uji koefisien determinan memperoleh nilai r yang merupakan cermin dari variabel BI Rate, IHSG dan Uang Beredar mampu menjelaskan atau menerangkan variabel inflasi sebesar 75,23%, sisanya sebesar 24,77% dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel lain. Berdasarkan hasil uji t didapatkan bahwa BI Rate saja yang mempengaruhi inflasi secara signifikan dengan data series selama tahun 2005 sampai 2022. Sedangkan IHSG dan Uang beredar tidak mempengaruhi inflasi secara signifikan dengan data series selama tahun 2005 sampai 2022. Hal ini dapat dikatakan bahwa tidak semua variabel selalu signifikan sesuai hipotesis, berapa tahun masa penelitian juga mempengaruhinya

ANALISIS BERBASIS ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED (EVA) PADA KINERJA PT. BANK PAN INDONESIA Tbk DAN PT. BANK BUKOPIN Tbk TAHUN PERIODE 2018-2020 DI INDONESIA

Bank pada masa pandemi ini sedikit mengalami gangguan ekonomi. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari sebagian masyarakat secara besar-besaran mengambil dana atau uangnya. Sehingga sektor perbankan akan mengalami permasalahan yang cukup mengkhawatirkan. Permasalahan bank terkait kredit menjadi sesuatu yang serius di masa pandemi ini. Masalah ini juga dialami dua bank swasta yaitu PT. Panin Tbk dan PT. Bukopin Tbk. Hal tersebut didukung dengan beredarnya Informasi bahwa PT. Panin Tbk mengalami pelambatan pertumbuhan kredit dan PT. Bukopin Tbk adanya temuan kredit yang mengalami macet.  Kejadian ini dapat mempengaruhi kinerja bank jika tidak adanya tindakan yang tepat dalam mengatasinya. EVA ini merupakan salah cara analisis yang digunakan dalam mengukur kinerja. Berdasarkan serangkaian analisis dan perhitungan EVA yang telah dilakukan pada PT. Bukopin Tbk dan PT. Panin Tbk selama tahun 2018-2020 diperoleh hasil bahwa kedua bank tidak memberikann nilai tambah ekonomis. Pada kedua bank terjadi penurunan kinerja atau nilai tambah ekomonis negattif yang perlu diperhatikan oleh manajer. Kinerja yang kurang baik ditiap tahunnya tidak bisa dijadikan jaminan tingkat pengembalian. Artinya perusahaan kesulitan dalam melakukan kewajibannya khususnya pemegang saham. Kata Kunci: Bank, Kinerja dan EV

Intelligent agent for formal modelling of temporal multi-agent systems

Software systems are becoming complex and dynamic with the passage of time, and to provide better fault tolerance and resource management they need to have the ability of self-adaptation. Multi-agent systems paradigm is an active area of research for modeling real-time systems. In this research, we have proposed a new agent named SA-ARTIS-agent, which is designed to work in hard real-time temporal constraints with the ability of self-adaptation. This agent can be used for the formal modeling of any self-adaptive real-time multi-agent system. Our agent integrates the MAPE-K feedback loop with ARTIS agent for the provision of self-adaptation. For an unambiguous description, we formally specify our SA-ARTIS-agent using Time-Communicating Object-Z (TCOZ) language. The objective of this research is to provide an intelligent agent with self-adaptive abilities for the execution of tasks with temporal constraints. Previous works in this domain have used Z language which is not expressive to model the distributed communication process of agents. The novelty of our work is that we specified the non-terminating behavior of agents using active class concept of TCOZ and expressed the distributed communication among agents. For communication between active entities, channel communication mechanism of TCOZ is utilized. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed agent using a real-time case study of traffic monitoring system

Comparative Study of Critical View of Safety vs Infundibular Technique in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to compare the critical view of safety technique with the infundibular technique in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of mean operative time and bile duct injuries (BDI). METHODOLOGY: Between 2018 and 2020, 220 patients had laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the Surgical "A" unit at Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar, Pakistan. The patients were divided into two groups, with the first receiving a critical view of safety and the second receiving an infundibular procedure. Operation time and bile duct injury were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The operative time was significantly reduced with the critical view of safety (CVS) approach, with a mean time of 35.07 minutes for CVS and 40.58 minutes for infundibular technique, with a significant P-value (0.013).  About 17 (7.7%) cases required open cholecystectomy; the conversion rate was higher in the infundibular group, with a significant P-value (<0.001). CONCLUSION: Although the "critical view of safety" requires more patience during dissections than the infundibular approach, it is proven to be faster and is considered a safe procedure in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. KEYWORDS: Critical View of Safety (CVS), Infundibular Technique (IT), Bile Duct Injury (BDI

Localisation inhabituelle de la tuberculose: ostéoarthrite tuberculose du pouce

L’ostéoarthrite tuberculeuse est rare au niveau des doigts. Nous rapportons une observation d’atteinte du pouce chez un patient de 55 ans. Il avait présenté une tuméfaction douloureuse du pouce droit suite à un traumatisme. L’étude bactériologique et une biopsie avaient permis de confirmer le diagnostic. Un traitement antibacillaire de 12 mois avait donné des résultats satisfaisants. Les particularités de la prise en charge sont discutées par rapport aux données de la littérature

A new monolithic approach for mid-IR focal plane arrays

Antimonide-based photodetectors have recently been grown on a GaAs substrate by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and reported to have comparable performance to the devices grown on more expensive InSb and GaSb substrates. We demonstrated that GaAs, in addition to providing a cost saving substrate for antimonide-based semiconductor growth, can be used as a functional material to fabricate transistors and realize addressing circuits for the heterogeneously grown photodetectors. Based on co-integration of a GaAs MESFET with an InSb photodiode, we recently reported the first demonstration of a switchable and mid-IR sensible photo-pixel on a GaAs substrate that is suitable for large-scale integration into a focal plane array. In this work we report on the fabrication steps that we had to develop to deliver the integrated photo-pixel. Various highly controllable etch processes, both wet and dry etch based, were established for distinct material layers. Moreover, in order to avoid thermally-induced damage to the InSb detectors, a low temperature annealed Ohmic contact was used, and the processing temperature never exceeded 180 °C. Furthermore, since there is a considerable etch step (> 6 μm) that metal must straddle in order to interconnect the fabricated devices, we developed an intermediate step using polyimide to provide a smoothing section between the lower MESFET and upper photodiode regions of the device. This heterogeneous technology creates great potential to realize a new type of monolithic focal plane array of addressable pixels for imaging in the medium wavelength infrared range without the need for flip-chip bonding to a CMOS readout chip