The exploration of mystical experiences among religious preachers

The current qualitative study aimed to explore the mystical experiences among religious preachers. A purposive sampling technique was employed to select a sample of (n=10) religious preachers who had encountered at least one mystical experience. The transcendental phenomenological approach was used to capture the essence of the mystical experiences through an in-depth semi-structured interview guide based on five domains: the exploration of mystic features, beliefs, impact on life, sharing of mystical experiences, and the religious and cultural oriented explanations. The modification of Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen’s model by Maustakas (1994) was employed for data analysis followed through a series of steps such as bracketing, horizonalization of data, a grouping of significant statements to constitute themes (triggers, perceptual experience, symbolism and derived meanings, significant figures, reaction, and the cultural explanation of mystical experiences), textural description and a structural description with verbatim examples was developed. These descriptions were combined to write a composite description that reflected the ‘essence’ of the mystical experiences and highlighted the causes, characteristics, perceptual experiences, beliefs, and impact. The findings highlighted the subjective nature of the mystical experiences and the need to develop an indigenous formal criterion to identify such experiences

Real Wages in Pakistan: Structure and Trends, 1970-84

The structure of wages in any economy has profound implications for labour utilization, income distribution and the incentive to invest in human capital. This paper aims at measuring and analysing the level and trend of nominal and real wages in different sectors of the economy of Pakistan for the 1970-84 period. The broad patterns of wage change are then looked at in terms of their implications for employment promo lion, human capital formation and other related policy issues. The analysis is based on the best available information but the usual caveats appropriate to empirical work in Pakistan apply

The Effects of Multimedia with Different Modes of Presentation on Recitation Skills Among Students with Different Self-regulated Learning Level

AbstractOne of the requirements in reading al-Quran is to read with proper recitation (tajweed). This study attempts to investigate the impact of multimedia on student’ recitation skills using three presentation modes (MSM – a separate mode with the text placed separately from the video on recitation by a qari, MIM – an integration mode in which text / words are combined in the video using subtitling concept, or MVRM - voice recognition mode whereby students can record their recitation). This quasi-experimental study involves the multimedia mode as the independent variable, the students’ recitation as the dependent variable, and their self-regulated learning (SRL) level as the moderator variable. A total of 140 secondary school students were randomly selected for this study. Three courseware have been developed, with each courseware applies a multimedia mode. During the learning process, the students worked in pair. The findings show a significant difference in recitation between the three groups, and the post hoc analysis indicates that MVRM scored significantly better compared to MIM and MSM. In addition, students with high SRL scored higher as compared to those with low SRL level in all treatment groups. MVRM allows students to record and play back their recitation recording to their learning partner to be immediately assessed and corrected. MIM also helps their recitation skills when subtitles were used in the video and the words that changed colours when read, in which the students were able to identify the phonics of the letters and sounds of the combined letters. Also, the self-paced and self-assessment learning material helps the students with high SRL level, although pairing activity assists those with low SRL level

Prinsip kerja sama dan prinsip kesopanan tuturan siswa Kelas III antar teman di MI Islamiyah Sukopuro Jabung Malang

INDONESIA: Bahasa merupakan kemampuan yang dimiliki manusia untuk berkomunikasi dengan manusia lainya menggunakan tanda, misal kata dan gerakan. Pragmatik adalah studi tentang makna yang disampaikan oleh penutur dan ditafsirkan oleh pendengar. Dalam pragmatik terdapat prinsip yang menangani masalah tindak tutur. Adapun prinsip-prisip tersebut adalah pertama, prinsip kerja sama yang di antaranya: Maksim kuantitas, Maksim kualitas, Maksim relevansi, maksim pelaksanaan, kedua prinsip kesopanan maksim-maksim tersebut di antaranya maksim kebijaksanaan, maksim kemurahan, maksim penerimaan, maksim kerendahan hati, maksim kecocokan, dan maksim kesimpatian. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk: 1) Mendeskripsikan bentuk tuturan siswa kelas III dalam berkomunikasi lisan antar teman 2) Mendeskripsikan implementasi prinsip kerja sama tuturan siswa kelas III dalam berkomunikasi lisan antar teman. 3) Mendeskripsikan implementasi prinsip kesopanan tuturan siswa kelas III dalam berkomunikasi lisan antar teman. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian berupa tuturan prinsip kerja sama dan prinsip kesantunan pada siswa kelas III dalam berkomunikasi lisan antar teman ketoprak. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan simak. Data dianalisis dengan cara mereduksi data yang tidak relevan, memaparkan data, dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, 1) Bentuk tuturan yang digunakan oleh siswa kelas III dalam berkomunikasi antar teman di antaranya yaitu maksim kuantitas, maksim kualitas, maksim relevansi, maksim pelaksanaan, maksim kebijaksanaan, maksim penerimaan, maksim kemurahan, maksim kerendahan hati, maksim kecocokan, dan maksim kesimpatian. 2) Implementasi prinsip kerja sama tuturan siswa kelas III dalam berkomunikasi lisan antar teman dari 14 tuturan prinsip kerja sama terdapat 10 tuturan yang menyimpang dari prinsip kerja sama dan 4 tuturan yang tidak mengalami penyimpangan prinsip kerja sama. 3) Implementasi prinsip kesopanan tuturan siswa kelas III dalam berkomunikasi lisan antar teman yakni, dari 31 tuturan terdapat 23 tuturan yang menyimpang dari prinsip kesopanan dan 8 tuturan yang tidak mengalami penyimpangan ENGLISH: Language is the ability that humans have to communicate each other humans using signs in words and movements. Pragmatics is the study of the meaning conveyed by the speaker and interpreted by the listener. In pragmatics, there are principles that deal with speech acts. The principles are the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relevance, the maxim of implementation, the maxim of politeness of the maxim such as maxim of wisdom, maxim of mercy, maxim of acceptance, maxim of humility, maxim of suitability, and maximization of inference. The objectives of the study are to: 1) Describe the form of third grade students in speech communicating orally between friends 2) Describe the implementation of the principle of cooperation of third grade students in speec communicating orally between friends. 3) Describe the implementation of courtesy principle of third grade students in communicating orally between friends. The research approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Research data in the form of the principle of cooperation and principle of politeness in the third grade students in oral communication between “ketoprak” friends. Data collection techniques use observation, interview, documentation, and gather. Data were analyzed by reducing irrelevant data, exposing data, and drawing conclusion. The result of the research shows that, 1) the form of speech used by the third grade students in communicating among the peers is maxim quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relevance, maxim of implementation, maxim of wisdom, maxim of acceptance, maxim of generosity, maxim of humility, maxim of match, and maximization of inference. 2) Implementation of principle cooperation speech of third grade student in communicating oral to friend from 14 principles of cooperation. There are 10 speech which deviate from principle of cooperation and 4 speech which do not get deviation principle of cooperation. 3) Implementation of the principle courtesy of third grade students in communicating verbally between friends namely, from 31 utterances, there are 23 speech that deviate from the principle of decency and 8 speech that do not get any deviation. ARABIC: اللغة هي قدرة البشر على التواصل مع البشر الآخرين باستخدام علامات، مثل الكلمات والحركات. البراغماتية هي دراسة المعنى الذي ينقله المتكلم والمترجم من قبل المستمع.في البراغماتية هناك مبادئ تتعامل مع أفعال الكلام. والمبادئ هي: الحد الأقصى للكمية، ومقدار الجودة، ومدى الصلة بالموضوع، ومبدأ التنفيذ، ومبدأ تأدب المبدأ، مثل قاعدة الحكمة، ومعاملة الرحمة، ومقبولية القبول، ومدى التواضع، ومدى ملاءمتها، تعظيم الاستدلال. كانت أهدف الدراسة على النحو التالي: 1) وصف شكل خطاب الطلاب من الدرجة الثالثة في التواصل الشفوي بين الأصدقاء؛ 2) وصف تنفيذ مبدأ التعاون من خطاب الطلاب من الدرجة الثالثة في التواصل الشفوي بين الأصدقاء؛ 3) وصف تنفيذ مبدأ المجاملة من طلاب الدرجة الثالثة في التواصل شفويا بين الأصدقاء. نهج البحث المستخدم في هذا البحث هو النوع الوصفي. بيانات بحثية في شكل خطاب مبدأ التعاون ومبدأ التأدب في طلاب الصف الثالث في التولصل الشفهي بين الأقران. تقنيات جمع البيانات المستخدمة هي المراقبة والمقابلة والتوثيق والإشارة إليها. تم تحليل البيانات عن طريق تقليل البيانات غير ذات الصلة، وكشف البيانات واستنتاجات الرسم. تظهر نتيجة البحث أن 1) شكل الخطاب الذي يستخدمه طلاب الصف الثالث في التواصل بين الأقربون هو الكمية القصوى، ومقدار الجودة، ومدى الصلة بالموضوع، ومدى التنفيذ، ومقدار الحكمة، ومقدار القبول، ومعاملة الرحمة، ومدى التواضع، ومبادلة المطابقة، وتعظيم الاستدلال؛ 2) تنفيذ مبدأ التعاون من خطاب الطالب من الدرجة الثالثة في التواصل الشفوي لصديق من 14 مبدأ مبدأ التعاون هناك 10 خطاب التي تحيد عن مبدأ التعاون و 4 خطاب التي لا تواجه مبدأ الانحراف للتعاون؛ 3) تنفيذ مبدأ المجاملة لطلاب الصف الثالث في التواصل اللفظي بين الأصدقاء أي، من 31 صوت هناك 23 كلمة التي تحيد عن مبدأ الحشمة و 8 الكلام الذي لا يختبر الانحر

Analysis, interpretation and synthesis of facial expressions

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Media Arts & Sciences, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-130).by Irfan Aziz Essa.Ph.D

PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN SENI RUPA KOMPETENSI DESAIN POSTER UNTUK SMA

Penelitian ini bertujuan: untuk membuat modul pembelajaran desain poster yang mengacu pada model pengembangan 4-D. Modul ini diperuntukkan bagi siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas, berisi materi tentang teknik mendesain poster. Responden yang terlibat pada penelitian pengembangan ini adalah 2 (dua) orang yaitu ahli materi dan ahli media. Data yang digali dalam penelitian ini adalah data validasi dari dosen ahli materi dan ahli media berupa aspek isi materi, aspek tampilan sampul (cover), dan aspek tampilan isi. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif yang dikonversikan ke data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai yang diperoleh dari validasi ahli terhadap aspek isi, aspek tampilan sampul (cover), dan aspek tampilan isi pada modul yang dikembangkan keseluruhan masuk dalam kategori bagus dan jelas, dengan rata-rata nilai aspek isi 4.43 atau 34,1%, aspek tampilan sampul 4.14 atau 31.8%, dan aspek tampilan isi 4.13 atau 34.1% yang jika dikonverskan dari rata-ratanya 4.23 untuk keseluruhan aspek modul mendapat nilai B dengan ketegori  “Jelas dan Bagus”. Sesuai dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan, yaitu jika hasil penilaian ahli materi dan media dinyatakan baik maka produk yang dikembangkan telah memenuhi persyaratan dan layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran desain poster untuk siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas.

5.5 Ghz Directional Antenna with 90 Degree Phase Difference Output

The wireless sensor network system requires two antennas that have an output 90 phase difference as a comparison and use a very expensive material for high frequency. 5.5 GHz microstrip antenna frequency equipped with two output 90 degree phase difference in one antenna has been proposed. This is a new technique in telecommunication systems to produce directional antenna use more precise and efficient phase comparators by using cheap and easy to find material at 5.5 GHz frequency. This system package consists of a circular patch, a reflector, a double transmission line with a via hole that has the same frequency in one antenna and quadrature 90 degree hybrid coupler integrated each other. This antenna produces a phase angle difference 87.752 degrees (5 degrees of standard tolerance) and gains 5.82 dBi at 5.5GHz frequency. Overall size of the proposed antenna design is 90 mm times 35 mm with Phenolic White Paper - FR4 with a dielectric constant is 4.4

Seasonal Physiological & Biochemical Responses of Three Medicinal Halophytes From Karachi University Campus

Three medicinally important halophytes: Cyperus rotundus L., Dactyloctenium scindicum Boiss. and Lasiurus scindicus Forssk., were chosen from Karachi University campus to explore seasonal physiological and biochemical responses. Seasonal and diurnal water potentials (Ψ) showed a great variation among species. Pre-dawn water potential (ΨPD) was higher before and after rains in all test species than the mid-day water potential (ΨMD) corresponding to the soil matric potential (Ψsoil), electrical conductivity (EC) as well as % soil moisture (SM). Lasiurus scindicus had lowest ΨPD & ΨMD in comparison to C. rotundus and D. scindicum before rainfall. Similar trends were observed for osmotic potential (ΨS) of all species. Both ΨMD & Ψs substantially increased in D. scindicum and L. scindicus after rainfall, whereas, C. rotundus showed no significant change and this species also maintained highest turgor (ΨP). Leaf stomatal conductance (gS) was higher in C. rotundus while proline (PRO) in D. scindicum before rain. Leaf PRO decreased while gS increased after rains and this increase was 3 fold in D. scindicum. Sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) were higher than potassium (K+) in all species before rain with maximum values in D. scindicum. In general Na+ and Cl- decreased while K+ increased in all species after rain. Total soluble sugars (TSS) were consistently higher in C. rotundus while D. scindicum maintained higher Na+ and Cl- even after rains compared to other species. The differences in ecophysiological responses owing to differences in life forms suggest the existence of plant species in different habitats