22 research outputs found

    Evaluation De Quatre Cultivars De Niebe (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Pour Leur Resistance Au Deficit Hydrique Et A L’adventice Parasite, Striga Gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke Au Togo

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    Drought and weed parasite Striga gesnerioides(Willd.)Vatke, are major constraints to cowpea production in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to examine the response of four cowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp.)cultivars, VITOCO, VITA5, IT87D-10-10, and IT98K589-2 to water deficit, to a weed parasite S. gesnerioides and to determine the effect of this weed parasite on these cowpea cultivars under water deficit conditions. Pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse condition under artificial infestation at the Agronomic Experimentation Station of Lomé. The experimental design was a split-split-plot design with three replications of two levels of S. gesnerioides;(presence and absence) in main plot, four water regimes; (periodic watering of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days) in sub-plot, and the cultivars in sub sub-plot. Data were collected on yield components (number of seed per pod, number of pod per plant and seeds weight per plant). Data collected on parasitic plantdate of emergence and its rate of emergence per pot. Water deficit tolerance was evaluated by the rank summation index (RSI).The results showed that the water régimes of 10 and 15 days had significant depressive effect on all yield components. The number of S. gesnerioides emerged per pot ranged from 10.20 (VITOCO) to 48.60 (IT98K589-2). In addition, the infestation of S. gesnerioides showed a significant reduction of all yield components evaluated in all tested cultivars. Therefore, no cultivar proved to be resistant, nor tolerant to S. gesnerioides.The overall rankings of the evaluated cultivars in terms of growth and yield parameters studied revealed that the cultivar IT98K-589-2 showed the best adaptive response in drought condition. The results also revealed that, the significant negative effect of water deficit on the seeds weight per plant is exacerbated by the S. gesnerioides infestation

    La diversité génétique des bananiers plantains cultivés dans la zone Ouest de la Région des Plateaux au Togo

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    Le bananier représente l’une des cultures les plus importantes dans le monde. Au Togo, la culture de bananiers plantains se fait surtout dans la Région des Plateaux à l’Ouest dans de petites exploitations agricoles ; ce qui a entrainé une faible productivité. Cependant, les variétés de bananiers plantains cultivées ne sont pas bien connues. Un inventaire a été entrepris dans le but de dénombrer les variétés de bananiers plantains cultivés grâce à des paramètres agromorphologiques et aussi de montrer l’intérêt que suscite la valorisation de la culture de cette plante. Au terme de cette étude, cinq (5) variétés de bananiers plantains ont été recensées. La variété ‘Apim’ est la plus productive suivie de la variété ‘Abladzo’. Contrairement aux autres, la variété ‘Taévé’ produit 2 régimes par pied au lieu d’un régime. Le cycle végétatif des bananiers plantains varie de 11 à 15 mois sauf pour la variété ‘Apim’ qui est de 18 mois. Des études de propagation rapide doivent être envisagées pour la sélection des variétés hautement performantes et la production massive du plantain pour les populations locales.© 2013 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés : Togo, bananier plantain, diversité génétique

    Improvement of Rice Production under Drought Conditions in West Africa: Application of QTLs in Breeding for Drought Resistance

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    Rice plays a paramount role in food and nutrition security in many West African countries. Despite the doubling of production during the last decade, rice consumption has grown faster, creating a deficit between the demand and supply. Although the West African sub-region remains the main rice-producing centre on the continent, production is severely hampered by biotic and abiotic stresses. Drought is one of the factors that most severely reduce grain yields of rice. Systems of production need to be established in order to mitigate yield loss as a result of drought. This review discusses the effects of drought on rice production in West Africa and its mitigation with an emphasis on the improvement of tolerance to drought stress. Yield stability can be achieved by developing drought-tolerant varieties through several processes encompassing profiling of known QTLs and identification of new ones, marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, and extensive multi-locational yield trials. We suggest a comprehensive strategy for breeding drought-tolerant rice varieties in West Africa

    Effects of Soybean Cultivars on Soymilk Quality

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    Soymilk was prepared from twelve soybean cultivars grown under the same environmental conditions to evaluate their effects on soymilk characteristics. Significant correlations were observed between the Chemical composition of the seeds and the resultant soymilk. Soymilk solids were significantly affected by seed size and seed phosphorus contents. Cultivars with dark hilum produced soymilk with less attractive colour

    Expérimentation des cotonniers sans gossypol au Togo

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    (Journal de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé: 2001 5(1): 187-192

    Effets de deux rotations a base de mucuna et soja sur la fertilite d’un sol ferrallitique degrade et le rendement de maïs.

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    In order to determine the effect of two legumes (mucuna and soybean) on soil fertility and yield of maize, an experiment was conducted over two growing seasons in the derived savannah on Rhodic ferrasol in the southern region of Togo. During the first growing season, plots of mucuna, soybean and maize received phosphorus at the rate of 0 and 30 kg per hectare in a randomised complete bloc design with four replications. During the second growing season, each of the previous plots was divided into two (split-plot) to account for nitrogen application at the rates of 0 and 45 kg per hectare. All plots were sown in maize in the second season. Results indicated that phosphorus was efficient on this soil as it gave a 62,4%surplus of maize yield as compared to the check, with agronomic efficacy of 32,67. The residue of mucuna contributed to increase the average yield of maize by 67% as compared to the mono crop system, whereas those of soybean increased maize yield by 37,5 %. The effect of nitrogen application was significant of on maize dry matter, but not on grain yield. Mucuna and soybean weregood previous crops, but the adoption of mucuna, the best previous crop, would result in the loss of one growing season because mucuna is not edible

    Effet des fertilisants ecologiques sur le rendement du soja dans un systeme agro-sylvicole

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    La présente étude a été menée en station (SEAL) afin de connaitre l’effet des fertilisants écologiques sur la production du soja dans un système agro-sylvicole. Le dispositif expérimental adopté à cet effet est celui en blocs aléatoires avec parcelles divisées. Les traitements comportaient : Les émondes de légumineuses (E) à trois niveaux : Sans émondes (E0), émondes de Senna siamea (E1), émondes d’Albizia lebbeck (E2) ; les fertilisants écologiques (F) à quatre niveaux : Sans fertilisant écologique (F0), le compost (F1), la fiente de volailles (F2) et le fumier de caprins (F3). Les effets ont été évalués à travers la masse de 1000 graines de soja, le rendement en fanes de soja, le rendement en gousses de soja et le rendement en graines de soja. Les résultats ont montré que le compost a été le meilleur fertilisant écologique pour tous les paramètres étudiés. Ses améliorations par rapport au témoin s’estiment à 0,42 t/ha pour le rendement en graines de soja, 1,45 t/ha pour le rendement en gousses, 2,7 t/ha pour le rendement en fanes et 13,7 g pour la masse de 1000 graines de soja. Les émondes d’Albizia  lebbeck ont quant à eux augmenté respectivement de 1,87 t/ha et 0,58 t/ha le rendement en fanes et le rendement en graines par rapport au témoin. L’action simultanée des émondes et des fertilisants n’a cependant pas eu d’effets significatifs sur les paramètres étudiés.Mots clés : fertilisants écologiques, émondes, graines de soja, gousses, rendement
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