HAM dan Politik Kriminal Pasca Orde Baru (Konstruksi Pelanggaran HAM pada Kasus Pembantaian Dukun Santet di Kabupaten Banyuwangi Tahun 1998)

This research is motivated by the case of human rights violations during the massacre witches in Banyuwangi in 1998. The central government that when it is exposed to many issues require a diversion issues in other areas to divert attention began when the reform era turn of the new order of oligarchs capitalist towards a democratic state. Therefore, this study will analyze the motives brutality of human rights violations that led to the massacre of the witches. The purpose of this research that examines how government as the dominant party using a various social control to a group that dominated the society. This study used qualitative methods - descriptive. The subjects were the victims and the community leaders who concern about the problems of this massacre case. By using the theory of hegemony to explore the phenomenon of the role of the state to a case that comes to the human rights violations like this. Namely data collection techniques with direct observation to the test site and the literature to comparison be empirical research results also snowball technique purposive sampling. Based on the analysis of cases of human rights violations during the massacre witches in Banyuwangi 1998 as a whole is a game the government on the transfer issue. Turbulent political force people to accept an issue to distract him from the turmoil in the capital but did not go according to the destination. The lack of public understanding about the violation of Human Rights to make the case - a case that concerned have not or even cannot be resolved properly, including cases of human rights violations in Banyuwangi 1998's

Strategi Incumbent Parpol Mempertahankan Suara Pasca Pindah Partai pada Pemilu Legislatif Kota Denpasar Tahun 2014

Incumbent Political Party Strategies Maintaining the Voters after Moving Political Parties In the legislative elections with a case study AANG Widiada reelected Post Moving from the Golkar Party to Nasdem as legislators Denpasar period 2014-2019. This research has been done in north Denpasar District. This research using qualitative method with descriptive type of analysis. Primary data was collected through interview technique purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Secondary Data obtained from news articles, the Internet, and books related to the study. The study refers to offensive and defensive strategies by Peter Schroder. The findings research is the offensive strategy implemented through Political Socialization Program and Performance Dharma Discourse at Pura Desa in Peguyangan village. Defensive strategies implemented through a mass ceremony of Memukur and Mesangih ceremony in Puri Peguyangan. Both of these strategies are winning strategies to pass the legislative elections in north Denpasar election area for the period 2014-2019

Frequency of etiologies of acute kidney injury in Faisalabad and surrounding districts

Background: To find out the causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in population.Methods: A total of 150 patients were enrolled from medical, surgical, gynecology and obstetrics units of Allied Hospital and Madinah Teaching Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan. History, physical examination and investigations were recorded on specially designed proforma. Patients were evaluated to find out the etiologies of AKI. All patients were subjected to urine analysis, complete blood count, blood biochemistry (urea, creatinine, electrolytes, uric acid, calcium and phosphorus) and ultrasound scan of the abdomen and pelvis. Renal biopsy, immunological assays, such as hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-hepatitis C virus antibody, complements level, antinuclear antibody, anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody were performed in selected cases.Results: Male (36%) and female (64%). Pre-renal AKI was most common and was reported in 80 patients (53.33%). Intrinsic Renal azotemia in 56 patients (37.33%). Post renal azotemia in 14 patients (9.33%). Among 80 patients of prerenal AKI, hemorrhage in 45(56.25%), gastroenteritis in 16(20%), sepsis in 8(10%), cardiac diseases in 4(5%), hepatorenal syndrome in 3 (3.75%), peritonitis in 2 (2.50%) and burns in 2(2.50%) were the main causes of Pre-renal AKI. Among 56 patients of intrinsic renal AKI, 40(71.4%) had acute tubular necrosis (ATN), 12(21.4%) with multifactorial causes and 4(7.14%) were found to have glomerulonephritis. Among 14 patients of post renal AKI, 6(42.9%) were having calculi, 6(42.9%) were to have enlarged prostate and 2(4.3%) were having stricture urethra. In this study, contribution of obstetrical, medical and surgical etiologies were recorded as 40%, 36% and 20% respectively.Conclusions: In contrast to study reported from neighbouring country, this study shows rather increase in pregnancy related AKI

Antibacterial Activity as Inhibitors Pathogen Bacterial on Pond Shrimp of Extract Marine Biota Collected From Maspari Island, South Sumatera, Indonesia

Marine biota has variety of bioactive compound that is potential to be an antibacterial for shrimp ponds diseases. Some of marine biota has potential as antibacterial i.e. soft coral Sarcophyton sp., Sponge Aaptos sp., seaweeds Sargassum sp. and Halimeda sp. and mangroves Avicennia sp. and Rhizophora sp. species. This study is purposed to find the most potential marine biota as antibacterial. The research method was as follows; sampling, sample identification, extraction and antibacterial activity test. The results is soft coral and sponge extract Sarcophyton sp. has bioactivity against of shrimp bacteria pathogen such as Vibrio spp2. bacteria for around 6.3±0.1 mm, while Aaptos sp. has bioactivity against Vibrio spp1. bacteria for around 7.9+0.1 mm, Vibrio spp2. bacteria for around 7.2± 0.1 to 7.9±0.1 mm, Vibrio spp6. bacteria for around 7.5±0.2 mm, Escherichia coli for around 7.2±0.1 mm and Staphylococcus aureus for around 15.9±0.2 mm. Seaweed extract activity found only of Sargassum sp. which has antibacterial activity against for around 7.1±0.0 mm for Vibrio spp6. and mangrove species activity has Rhizophora sp. extract which has bioactivity against Vibrio spp4. were 7.3±0.1 mm and E. coli bacteria were 6.7±0.1 mm. The most potential marine biota as antibacterial is showed on sponge Aaptos sp.. with an inhibitory zone for around 15.9±0.2 mm (for S. aureus bacteria)

Selective adsorption of rare earth ions from aqueous solution on metal-organic framework HKUST-1

Recovery of rare earth ions from wastewater holds an important strategy for the use of the precious resources. In this study, we found that a metal-organic framework (MOF), HKUST-1, exhibited a high affinity and selectivity towards adsorptive recovery of rare earth ions (Ce3+ and La3+) in aqueous solutions. The adsorbent showed a remarkable adsorption capacity of 234 mg/g and 203 mg/g for Ce3+ and La3+ at pH = 6, respectively. More importantly, its adsorption selectivity of the rare earth ions was about 87% against other metal ions. The adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and mechanism in the process were also investigated. The adsorption process can be better fit by the Freundlich model in isotherm and the pseudo-second-order model in kinetics. A plausible mechanism for the adsorption of metal ions on the HKUST-1 was proposed by considering ion exchange and the covalent bonding between the adsorbent and metal ions. The selectivity can be attributed to the different bonding abilities to metal ions

A porous nano-micro-composite as a high-performance bi-functional air electrode with remarkable stability for rechargeable zinc–air batteries

The development of bi-functional electrocatalyst with high catalytic activity and stable performance for both oxygen evolution/reduction reactions (OER/ORR) in aqueous alkaline solution is key to realize practical application of zinc–air batteries (ZABs). In this study, we reported a new porous nano-micro-composite as a bi-functional electrocatalyst for ZABs, devised by the in situ growth of metal–organic framework (MOF) nanocrystals onto the micrometer-sized Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3 (BSCF) perovskite oxide. Upon carbonization, MOF was converted to porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages and ultrafine cobalt oxides and CoN4 nanoparticles dispersing inside the carbon nanocages, which further anchored on the surface of BSCF oxide. We homogeneously dispersed BSCF perovskite particles in the surfactant; subsequently, ZIF-67 nanocrystals were grown onto the BSCF particles. In this way, leaching of metallic or organic species in MOFs and the aggregation of BSCF were effectively suppressed, thus maximizing the number of active sites for improving OER. The BSCF in turn acted as catalyst to promote the graphitization of carbon during pyrolysis, as well as to optimize the transition metal-to-carbon ratio, thus enhancing the ORR catalytic activity. A ZAB fabricated from such air electrode showed outstanding performance with a potential gap of only 0.83 V at 5 mA cm−2 for OER/ORR. Notably, no obvious performance degradation was observed for the continuous charge–discharge operation for 1800 cycles over an extended period of 300 h

CoNiFe-layered double hydroxide decorated Co-N-C network as a robust bi-functional oxygen electrocatalyst for zinc-air batteries

Rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs) are cost-effective energy storage devices and display high-energy density. To realize high round-trip energy efficiency, it is critical to develop durable bi-functional air electrodes, presenting high catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution/reduction reactions together. Herein, we report a nanocomposite based on ternary CoNiFe-layered double hydroxides (LDH) and cobalt coordinated and N-doped porous carbon (Co-N-C) network, obtained by the in-situ growth of LDH over the surface of ZIF-67-derived 3D porous network. Co-N-C network contributes to the oxygen reduction reaction activity, while CoNiFe-LDH imparts to the oxygen evolution reaction activity. The rich active sites and enhanced electronic and mass transport properties stemmed from their unique architecture, culminated into outstanding bi-functional catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution/reduction in alkaline media. In ZABs, it displays a high peak power density of 228 mW cm−2 and a low voltage gap of 0.77 V over an ultra-long lifespan of 950 h. (Figure presented.)

Characterization of carbon monoxide, methane and nonmethane hydrocarbons in emerging cities of Saudi Arabia and Pakistan and in Singapore

We investigate the composition of 63 C2-C10 nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO), in Jeddah, Mecca, and Madina (Saudi Arabia), in Lahore, (Pakistan), and in Singapore. We established a database with which to compare and contrast NMHCs in regions where ambient levels and emissions are poorly characterized, but where conditions are favorable to the formation of tropospheric ozone, and where measurements are essential for improving emission inventories and modeling. This dataset will also serve as a base for further analysis of air pollution in Western Saudi Arabia including, but not limited to, the estimation of urban emissions and long range pollution transport from these regions. The measured species showed enhanced levels in all Saudi Arabian cities compared to the local background but were generally much lower than in Lahore. In Madina, vehicle exhaust was the dominant NMHC source, as indicated by enhanced levels of combustion products and by the good correlation between NMHCs and CO, while in Jeddah and Mecca a combination of sources needs to be considered. Very high NMHC levels were measured in Lahore, and elevated levels of CH4 in Lahore were attributed to natural gas. When we compared our results with 2010 emissions from the MACCity global inventory, we found discrepancies in the relative contribution of NMHCs between the measurements and the inventory. In all cities, alkenes (especially ethene and propene) dominated the hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity (kOH) because of their great abundance and their relatively fast reaction rates with OH

Time to revisit oil palm-livestock integration in the wake of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

To date, the idea of using livestock animals as biological tools to manage weeds, sequester carbon, and boost food security in oil palm plantations has not been seriously considered by industry stakeholders of major producing countries (e.g., Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Colombia, and Nigeria). We revisit the integration of oil palm cultivation with livestock farming as a silvopastoral agroforestry practice in the wake of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Oil palm-livestock integration has the potential to promote sustainable palm oil production because it can provide multiple environmental and socio-economic benefits, including carbon sequestration, restoring top soil, improving ecosystem biodiversity, reducing pesticide and fertilizer inputs, and boosting national food security. In contrast to monocultural outputs of most conventional plantations, an oil palm silvopastoral system is an ideal way to address the global food insecurity challenge as it produces bioenergy, vegetable oil/fat and animal-based protein sources (e.g., red meat). In addition, the potential of contract targeted grazing could be considered as a new type of business and income diversification for rural people. Oil palm-livestock integration is a strategy by the palm oil industry to achieve multiple SDGs. Out of the 17 SDGs, oil palm-livestock integration is likely to deliver nine SDGs. Palm oil certification bodies should recognize oil palm-livestock integration as a biological control method in weed management practices. We recommend that oil palm-livestock integration should be promoted to revitalize sustainable palm oil production and strategic biodiversity conservation policy. Policy makers should encourage major players in the palm oil industry to practice oil palm-livestock integration

Metal organic frameworks with carbon black for the enhanced electrochemical detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene

The sensing of explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) directly at an explosion site requires a fast, simple and sensitive detection method, to which electrochemical techniques are well suited. Herein, we report an electrochemical sensor material for TNT based on an ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) sensitized zinc-1,4–benzenedicarboxylate Zn(BDC) metal organic framework (MOF) mixed with carbon black on a glassy carbon electrode. In the solvent modulation mechanism, by merely changing the concentration of NH4OH during synthesis, two Zn(BDC) MOFs with novel morphologies were fabricated via a hydrothermal approach. The as-prepared MOFs were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-resolution field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The different morphologies of the MOFs, and their impact on the performance of the modified electrodes towards the electrochemical detection of TNT was investigated. Under optimum conditions, 0.7–Zn(BDC) demonstrated the best electrochemical response for TNT detection using square wave voltammetry (SWV) with a linear calibration response in the range of 0.3–1.0 M, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.042 M, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.14 M and a high rate of repeatability. Atomic-scale simulations based on density functional theory authenticated the efficient sensing properties of Zn(BDC) MOF towards TNT. Furthermore, the promising response of the sensors in real sample matrices (tap water and wastewater) was demonstrated, opening new avenues towards the real-time detection of TNT in real environmental samples