Perfil epidemiólogico dos usuários de benzodiazepínicos na atenção primária à saúde

Trata-se de um estudo transversal, cujo objetivo foi de identificar o perfil epidemiologico dos usurios de benzodiazepnicos. A amostra intencional foi composta de 219 usurios de benzodiazepnicos cadastrados em 4 equipes de sade da famlia sendo que a coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de janeiro a maio de 2013. Para a tabulao e a anlise descritiva dos dados utilizou-se os softwares Epidata 3.1. e EPINFO 6.04 Os resultados apontam que a maior parte dos usurios de benzodiazepnicos so do sexo feminino,auto declarados negros ou pardos, com idade entre 53 e 60 anos, com baixo nvel de escolaridade e renda familiar. Na caracterizao das condies de sade da amostra,observou-se que 69,9%dos ussurios relatam possuir algum tipo de doena. O Clonazepam foi o BZD mais utilizado. O tempo de uso prolongado foi observado,o que caracteriza uso indevido. O principal motivo de uso foi insnia seguido por motivo de ansiedade. O perfil encontrado direciona para a necessidade de promover mudanas nas condutas de prescrio, dispensao e utilizao de benzodiazepnicos nas unidades de APS

Prevalência da infecção e de portadores do vírus da hepatite B, após 19 anos do programa de vacinação na Amazônia ocidental Brasileira

Introduction: Reductions in the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and carriage, decreases in liver cancer incidence, and changes in patterns of liver dysfunctions are described after hepatitis B vaccination. Methods: We conducted a population-based seroprevalence study aimed at estimating the HBV prevalence and risk of infection in the rural area of Labrea following nineteen years of HBV vaccination. Results: Half of the subjects showed total anti-HBc of 52.1% (95% CI 49.6-54.7). The HBsAg prevalence was 6.2% (95% CI 5.1-7.6). Multivariate analysis showed an inverse association between HBV infection and vaccination (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.44-0.87). HBsAg remained independently associated with past hepatitis (OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.52-3.89) and inversely to vaccination (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.27-0.69). The prevalence of HBeAg among HBsAg-positive individuals was 20.4% (95% CI 12.8-30.1), with the positive subjects having a median age of 11 years (1-46) p=0.0003. Conclusions: We demonstrate that HBV infection is still an important public health issue and that HBV vaccination could have had better impact on HBV epidemiology. If we extrapolate these findings to other rural areas in the Brazilian Amazon, we can predict that the sources of chronic infected patients remain a challenge. Future studies are needed regarding clinical aspects, molecular epidemiology, surveillance of acute cases, and risk groups.INTRODUÇÃO: Reduções nas taxas de prevalência de infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B (VHB) e de portadores, incidência de câncer de fígado e mudança nos padrões de doenças hepáticas são descritos, depois da introdução da vacinação contra hepatite B. \ud MÉTODOS: Foi conduzido um estudo de soro prevalência de base populacional, com o objetivo de estimar a prevalência do VHB e fatores de risco de infecção na área rural de Lábrea, depois de 19 anos de introdução da vacinação contra hepatite B. \ud RESULTADOS: Metade dos indivíduos investigados mostrou reatividade ao anti-HBc total, 52,1% (IC 95% 49,6-54,7). A prevalência do HBsAg foi 6,2% (IC 95% 5,1-7,6). Análises multivariadas mostrou associação inversa da infecção pelo VHB e vacinação (OR 0,62; IC 95% 0<44-0,87). A presença do HBsAg permaneceu independentemente associada com o passado de hepatite (OR 2,44; IC 95% 1,52-3,89) e inversamente associado a história de vacinação (OR 0,43; IC 95% 0,27-0,69). A prevalência do HBeAg, entre os HBsAg positivos foi 20,4% (IC95% 12,8-30,1), tendo em média os indivíduos positivos 11 anos de idade (1-46) p=0,0003. \ud CONCLUSÕES: Foi demonstrado que o VHB é ainda um importante problema de saúde publica, e que a vacinação contra o VHB poderia ter tido um impacto maior na epidemiologia do VHB na região. Se esses achados forem extrapolados para outras regiões rurais da Amazônia brasileira, podemos predizer que a fonte de pacientes crônicos é ainda um desafio a ser vencido. Estudos futuros devem focar os aspectos clínicos, a epidemiologia molecular, vigilância de casos agudos e grupos de risco.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM

Completude do esquema vacinal contra a hepatite B segundo registros de imunização

Objective: To analyze the completeness of immunization schedule against hepatitis B (recombinant) of adults in the city of Minas Gerais, according to immunization records on the Information System of the National Immunization Program (SIPNI). Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study carried out based on data from the SIPNI, in 2019. There was the analysis of 654 records of individuals vaccinated against hepatitis B (recombinant). Results: Only 10.55% of the vaccinated completed the vaccination against hepatitis B (recombinant). Female subjects had 3.23 times more chances of completing vaccination schedule if compared to males and those aged 50 years or more have 2.77 times more chances of having full immunization schedule if compared to individuals aged from 25 to 49 years. The mean time for completion of the immunization schedule was 244 days. Conclusion: The present study pointed to a low completeness in the immunization schedule against hepatitis B.Objetivo:&nbsp;Analisar a completude do esquema vacinal contra hepatite B (recombinante) de adultos em município de Minas Gerais, segundo registros de imunização no Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunização (SIPNI). Métodos:&nbsp;Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico realizado à partir&nbsp;da base de dados do SIPNI, em 2019.&nbsp;Foram analisados 654 registros de pessoas vacinadas contra a hepatite B (recombinante). Resultados:&nbsp;Identificou-se que apenas 10,55% dos vacinados completaram o esquema vacinal contra hepatite B (recombinante). Indivíduos do sexo feminino apresentaram 3,23 vezes mais chances de ter esquema vacinal completo se comparado com o sexo masculino e aqueles com 50 anos e mais têm 2,77 vezes mais chances de ter esquema completo se comparados com indivíduos de 25 a 49 anos. O tempo médio para fechamento do esquema vacinal foi de 244 dias.&nbsp;Conclusão: O presente estudo apontou para uma baixa completude no esquema vacinal contra hepatite B

Insulina pancreática de ratos diabéticos tipo 1 submetidos a um protocolo de treinamento físico individualizado

Since diabetes mellitus is considered a world public health problem, the present study aimed to evaluate oral glucose tolerance (TTGo) and pancreatic insulin concentration (PIC) of type I diabetic rats subjected to an individualized exercise training protocol. A total of 40 adult Wistar rats were used, half of which induced to diabetes by alloxan (32 mg/kg) endovenous injection, and divided into four groups (10 per group): Sedentary Control (SC), Trained Control (TC), Sedentary Diabetic (SD) and Trained Diabetic (TD). The physical training consisted of swimming, 1 h/day, 5 days/week during 8 weeks, supporting overload equivalent to 90% of the individual anaerobic/aerobic metabolic transition determined at the beginning of the experiment. The rats of SD and TD groups presented body weight reduction in relation to controls, which was less accentuated in TD group. Water and food ingestion increased in the diabetic groups in relation to controls. The areas under the serum glucose curve during the GTTo of diabetic groups were higher than the controls. Physical training attenuated this elevation. The diabetic groups showed reduced PIC when compared to both control groups. The physical training protocol employed improved glucose homeostasis and attenuated the body weight loss of diabetic animals but did not alter pancreatic insulin concentration. © FTCD/FIP-MOC

Vaccination coverage in children under one year of age and associated socioeconomic factors: maps of spatial heterogeneity

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze vaccination coverage spatial distribution in children under one year old and the socioeconomic factors associated with meeting the recommended goals in Minas Gerais. Methods: an ecological study, carried out in 853 municipalities in the state. Pentavalent, poliomyelitis, meningococcal conjugate, yellow fever, rotavirus, and 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination coverage were analyzed. Scan statistics and multiple logistic regression were performed to identify spatial clusters and factors associated with meeting coverage goals. Results: spatial analysis revealed clusters with risk of low coverage for all vaccines. Number of families with per capita income of up to 1/2 wage, Minas Gerais Social Responsibility Index and percentage of the poor or extremely poor population were associated with meeting the established goals. Conclusions: the results are useful for designing interventions regarding the structuring of vaccination services and the implementation of actions to increase vaccination coverage in clusters with less propensity to vaccinate

Hepatitis D virus infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon - far from a vanishing disease

INTRODUCTION: A decline in hepatitis D virus (HDV) occurrence was described in Europe and Asia. We estimated HDV prevalence in the Brazilian Amazon following hepatitis B vaccination. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey of HDV measured by total antibodies to HDV (anti-HD T). RESULTS: HDV prevalence was 41.9% whiting HBsAg carries and was associated with age (PR = 1.96; 95% CI 1.12-3.42; p = 0.01), hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (PR = 4.38; 95% CI 3.12-6.13; p < 0.001), and clinical hepatitis (PR =1.44; 95% CI 1.03-2.00; p = 0.03). Risk factors were related to HDV biology, clinical or demographic aspects such as underlying HBV infection, clinical hepatitis and age. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that HDV infection continues to be an important health issue in the Brazilian Amazon and that the implementation of the HBV vaccination in rural Lábrea had little or no impact on the spread of HDV. This shows that HDV has not yet disappeared from HBV hyperendemic areas and reminding that it is far from being a vanishing disease in the Amazon basin