Effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal backgrounds and soils on olive plants growth and water relation properties under well-watered and drought conditions

17 páginas.-- 6 figuras.-- 5 tablas.-- 89 referencias.-- Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher’s web-siteThe adaptation capacity of olive trees to different environments is well recognized. However, the presence of microorganisms in the soil is also a key factor in the response of these trees to drought. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi coming from diverse soils on olive plant growth and water relations. Olive plants were inoculated with native AM fungal populations from two contrasting environments, that is, semi-arid – Freila (FL) and humid – Grazalema (GZ) regions, and subjected to drought stress. Results showed that plants grew better on GZ soil inoculated with GZ fungi, indicating a preference of AM fungi for their corresponding soil. Furthermore, under these conditions, the highest AM fungal diversity was found. However, the highest root hydraulic conductivity (Lp) value was achieved by plants inoculated with GZ fungi and growing in FL soil under drought conditions. So, this AM inoculum also functioned in soils from different origins. Nine novel aquaporin genes were also cloned from olive roots. Diverse correlation and association values were found among different aquaporin expressions and abundances and Lp, indicating how the interaction of different aquaporins may render diverse Lp values.The study was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain (Juan de la Cierva Program) and Junta de Andalucía (P10-CVI-5920 project) for research funding.Peer reviewedPeer Reviewe

Endophytic selenobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus for Selenium biofortification and Gaeumannomyces graminis biocontrol

Selenium (Se) is an important antioxidant considered among the fertilization programs in developed countries. In Chile, chemical fertilization based in Se is inefficient due the physicochemical characteristics of Andisol that sustain the 60% of crop production. Andisol also are highly conductive to take-all disease caused by Gaeumannonyces graminis var tritici (Ggt). Here, we evaluated the effect of Bacillus sp.E5 and Acinetobacter sp.E6.2 and Claroideoglomus claroideum as potential inocula for Se biofortification and Ggt bicontrol in wheat. Plants inoculated with Acinetobacter sp.E6.2 showed major root growth and major Se content in shoots and grains. The antioxidant role of Se regarding DPPH activity was shown in Se-supplemented plants with small Se nanoparticles founded inside the roots. Mycorrhizal plants showed major SOD activity in shoots but no affected the Se uptake. Respect to pathogen biocontrol, plants inoculated with both bacteria showed an efficient control against Ggt independent to mycorrhization. Thus, our inocula could make important contributions to produce enriched Se flours for human nutrition and biocontrol against Ggt

Phosphate solubilization and synergism between P-solubilizing and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de solubilização de fosfato de alumínio e apatita de Araxá por diversos isolados de fungos solubilizadores de fosfato e o sinergismo entre o fungo solubilizador de fosfato, FSF 7, e fungos micorrízicos arbusculares, na promoção do crescimento de trevo fertilizado com fosfato de alumínio. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos, o primeiro em laboratório e o segundo em câmaras de cultivo. No primeiro experimento, os isolados FSF 7, FSF 9, FSF 21 e FSF 22, mais controle foram incubados em meio líquido, sob agitação, a 28ºC, por oito dias. Avaliou-se o pH e P solúvel no segundo, quarto e oitavo dia de incubação. No segundo experimento, semeou-se trevo em copos de plástico contendo 300 g de substrato esterilizado, fertilizado com fosfato de alumínio, 3 g L-1, com e sem FSF 7 e fungos micorrízicos. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, esquema fatorial 2x2 (presença e ausência de FSF 7 e fungos micorrízicos), com cinco repetições. No primeiro experimento, foram encontradas maiores quantidades de P solúvel no meio contendo fosfato de alumínio. O FSF 7 aumentou a solubilização desse fosfato. O crescimento do trevo foi favorecido pela presença do FSF 7 e fungos micorrízicos arbusculares, o que evidencia sinergismo entre esses microrganismos.The objective of this work was to evaluate the ability of several P-solubilizing fungi to solubilize aluminum phosphate and Araxá apatite as well as the synergism between the P-solubilizing fungus, PSF 7, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to promote clover growth amended with aluminum phosphate. Two experiments were carried out, the first under laboratory conditions and the second in a controlled environmental chamber. In the first experiment, PSF 7, PSF 9, PSF 21 and PSF 22 isolates plus control were incubated in liquid medium at 28ºC for eight days. On the 2nd, 4th and 8th day of incubation, pH and soluble P were determined. In the second experiment, clover was sowed in plastic pots containing 300 g of sterilized substrate amended with aluminum phosphate, 3 g L-1, in presence and absence of PSF 7 isolate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A completely randomized design, in factorial outline 2x2 (presence and absence of PSF 7 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and five replicates were used. In the first experiment, higher P content was detected in the medium containing aluminum phosphate. PSF 7 is the best fungi isolate which increases aluminum solubilization with major tolerance to Al3+. Clover growth was stimulated by presence of PSF 7 and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. There is synergism between microorganisms utilized to improve plant nutrition

Phosphate solubilization in solid and liquid media by soil bacteria and fungi

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade e a eficiência de solubilização de CaHPO4, AlPO4 e apatita de Araxá em meio sólido, e de AlPO4 e apatita de Araxá em meio líquido, por fungos (Aspergillus) e bactérias (Enterobacteriaceae) do solo. Em meio sólido, todos solubilizaram CaHPO4, nenhum solubilizou apatita de Araxá e apenas o isolado de fungo FSF 7 solubilizou AlPO4. Em meio líquido, todos solubilizaram AlPO4 e apatita de Araxá. A seleção de solubilizadores deve ser feita com a quantificação do potencial de solubilização em meio líquido.The objective of this work was to evaluate the ability and efficiency of solubilization of CaHPO4, AlPO4 and Araxá apatite in solid medium, and AlPO4 and Araxá apatite in liquid medium. Soil P-solubilizing fungi (Aspergillus) and P-solubilizing bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) were tested. In solid medium, all isolates solubilized CaHPO4, not any isolate solubilized Araxá apatite, and one fungus isolate (PSF 7) solubilized AlPO4. In liquid medium, all isolates solubilized AlPO4 and Araxá apatite. Screening of P-solubilizing microorganisms must be done by quantifying their potential of phosphate solubilization in liquid growth medium

Phosphate solubilization in solid and liquid media by soil bacteria and fungi

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade e a eficiência de solubilização de CaHPO4, AlPO4 e apatita de Araxá em meio sólido, e de AlPO4 e apatita de Araxá em meio líquido, por fungos (Aspergillus) e bactérias (Enterobacteriaceae) do solo. Em meio sólido, todos solubilizaram CaHPO4, nenhum solubilizou apatita de Araxá e apenas o isolado de fungo FSF 7 solubilizou AlPO4. Em meio líquido, todos solubilizaram AlPO4 e apatita de Araxá. A seleção de solubilizadores deve ser feita com a quantificação do potencial de solubilização em meio líquido.The objective of this work was to evaluate the ability and efficiency of solubilization of CaHPO4, AlPO4 and Araxá apatite in solid medium, and AlPO4 and Araxá apatite in liquid medium. Soil P-solubilizing fungi (Aspergillus) and P-solubilizing bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) were tested. In solid medium, all isolates solubilized CaHPO4, not any isolate solubilized Araxá apatite, and one fungus isolate (PSF 7) solubilized AlPO4. In liquid medium, all isolates solubilized AlPO4 and Araxá apatite. Screening of P-solubilizing microorganisms must be done by quantifying their potential of phosphate solubilization in liquid growth medium

Microorganismos que mejoran el crecimiento de las plantas y la calidad de los suelos. Revisión

The present article of revision arise from theory and practical subjects developed during the course “Characterization and contribution of plant growth-promoting microorganisms in the agricultural sustainability” carried out in the Laboratory of Soil Microbiology of the Colombian Corporation of Agricultural Research (Corpoica) located in Mosquera (Cundinamarca), Colombia, in July 2010. This activity is in the framework of the Dimiagri network that includes researchers from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Spain, Guatemala, Mexico and Uruguay, gathered in a Coordination Action funded by the Iberoamerican Program of Science and Technology for the Development (Cyted). Aspects inherent to the growth and plant health, root system, the surrounding soil (rhizosphere), microorganisms that system partners and their contribution to sustainable management of soil-plant were analyzed in this work. Topics related to the microbial biodiversity and its effect on soil quality; nutrient cycling in the soil by microbiological activity; the importance of microorganisms in plant growthpromotion and their biotechnological application as an alternative to favor sustainability and soil quality were presented. The aim of this review is to show important concepts related to the soil-plant-microorganism system, which will allow to achieve the general objective: to mitigate the negative environmental impact due to the excessive use of chemical products on agricultural crops by using plant growth-promoting microorganisms, including bacteria and beneficial fungi associated to plant roots.El presente artículo surge de la revisión de la teoría y temas prácticos desarrollados durante el curso”Caracterización y contribución de las plantas que promueven el crecimiento de microorganismos en la sostenibilidad de la agricultura”, llevado a cabo en el Laboratorio de Microbiología de Suelos de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica), ubicado en Mosquera (Cundinamarca), Colombia, en julio de 2010. Esta actividad fue desarrollada en el marco de la Red Dimiagri que incluye a investigadores de Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, España, Guatemala, México y Uruguay, reunidos en una acción de coordinación financiada por el Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (Cyted). Los aspectos inherentes al crecimiento y la sanidad vegetal, el sistema radical, el suelo circundante (rizósfera), los microorganismos asociados en ese sistema y su contribución al manejo sustentable del complejo suelo-planta fueron analizados en este trabajo. También se abordan temas como la biodiversidad microbiana y su efecto en la calidad del suelo; el ciclado de nutrientes del suelo por acción microbiológica; la importancia de los microorganismos en la promoción del crecimiento vegetal y su utilización biotecnológica como alternativa para favorecer la sustentabilidad y calidad de los suelos. Además se pretende interiorizar en los conceptos relacionados con el consorcio suelo-planta-microorganismo y el objetivo de mitigar el impacto ambiental negativo causado por el uso excesivo de insumos químicos en los cultivos agrícolas, mediante la utilización de microorganismos promotores del crecimiento vegetal, que incluyen tanto a bacterias como a hongos benéficos asociados con las raíces de las plantas.   &nbsp

Crop Rotation Biomass and Effects on Sugarcane Yield in Brazil

To FAPESP and CNPq for the grants.Peer reviewe

Mycorrhiza induced resistance against pests: from the lab to the field

1 página - Conferencia invitada presentada en Iberian Plant Biology 2023. XVIII Portuguese-Spanish Congress on Plant Biology and the XXV Meeting of the Spanish Society of Plant Biology. 9-12 Julio 2023, Braga, PortugalArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can prime plant defences increasing their resistance against pathogens and insect herbivores. Using tomato as a model, we have shown that inoculation with different AMF reduces the performance of the chewing herbivore Spodoptera exigua and the leaf miner Tuta absoluta. Transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses revealed that this Mycorrhiza Induced Resistance (MIR) is associated to boosted activation of plant direct and indirect defences in response to the attackers. We found primed accumulation in attacked leaves of antiherbivore metabolites, including alkaloids and polyamine conjugates, and functional analyses demonstrated that some of the identified compounds significantly inhibit herbivore development. In addition, the symbiosis altered the volatile blends released by the plant, and enhanced the attraction of natural enemies of the pests (Nesidiocoris tenuis, commonly used in biocontrol programs). Finally, networks analyses allowed the identification of key regulators of the primed response within the jasmonic acid and ethylene signalling pathways. Despite the many studies showing induced resistance by microorganisms in different plant‐pest systems, the variability in the protection achieved under agronomic settings is hindering the application of this strategy in agriculture. Plant‐microbe‐herbivore interactions are highly context dependent, with multiple biotic and abiotic factors influencing the final output. Identifying such factors is essential to optimize the application of microbial inoculants for crop protection in agriculture. We found that the plant genotype and nutrient availability are important drivers of the context dependency of MIR in tomato. Despite of the variability, comparisons across different experimental scales, from controlled lab set‐ups to commercial production conditions, confirmed that MIR can be achieved under crop production conditions and is compatible with other biocontrol methods. Accordingly, MIR can be a relevant addition to current Integrated Pest Management Programs

Enhancement of clover growth by inoculation of P-solubilizing fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

This study evaluated the synergism between several P-solubilizing fungi isolates and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve clover ( Trifolium pratense) growth in the presence of Araxá apatite. Clover was sown directly in plastic pots with 300g of sterilized washed sand, vermiculite and sepiolite 1:1:1 (v:v:v) as substrate, and grown in a controlled environment chamber. The substrate was fertilized with 3 g L-1 of Araxá apatite. A completely randomized design, in 8×2 factorial scheme (eight P-solubilizing fungi treatments with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi)and four replicates were used. The P-solubilizing fungi treatments consisted of five Brazilian P-solubilizing fungi isolates (PSF 7, 9, 20, 21 and 22), two Spanish isolates ( Aspergillus niger and the yeast Yarowia lipolytica) and control (non-inoculated treatment). The greatest clover growth rate was recorded when Aspergillus niger and PSF 21 were co-inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Aspergillus niger, PSF 7 and PSF 21 were the most effective isolates on increasing clover growth in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Greater mycorrhizal colonization resulted in greater clover growth rate in most PSF treatments. PSF 7 was the best isolate to improve the establishment of mycorrhizal and rhizobia symbiosis.Este estudo avaliou o sinergismo entre diversos isolados defungos solubilizadores de fosfato e micorrízicos arbusculares para beneficiar o crescimento de trevo ( Trifolium pratense) na presença de apatita de Araxá. A cultura foi semeada diretamente em potes plásticos com 300 g de substrato esterilizado formado por areia lavada, vermiculita e sepiolita 1:1:1 (v:v:v) e cultivada em câmara climática. O substrato foi fertilizado com 3 g L-1 de apatita de Araxá. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento completamente casualizado, esquema fatorial 8×2 (oito tratamentos de inoculação de fungos solubilizadores de fosfato com ou sem fungos micorrízicos arbusculares) e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos de fungos solubilizadores de fosfato consistiram em cinco isolados brasileiros de fungos solubilizadores de fosfato (FSF 7, 9, 20, 21 e 22), dois isolados procedentes da Espanha ( Aspergillus niger e a levedura Yarowia lipolytica) e o controle (tratamento não inoculado). A maior taxa de crescimento da cultura foi obtida quando Aspergillus niger e FSF 21 foram co-inoculados com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares. Aspergillus niger, FSF 7 e o FSF 21 foram os isolados mais efetivos para incrementar o crescimento de trevo na presença de fungos micorrízicosarbusculares. A maior taxa de colonização micorrízica resultou em alta taxa de crescimento de trevo na maioria dos tratamentos com fungos solubilizadores de fosfato. O isolado FSF 7 foi o melhor para favorecer o estabelecimento das simbioses com fungos micorrízicos e com rizóbio

Anales de Edafología y Agrobiología Tomo 34 Número 3-4

Estudio de la materia orgánica del ranker atlántico. I. Caracterización general, por P. Rodríguez Seoane, T. Carballas y F. Guitián Ojea.-- Movimiento y distribución de sales solubles en suelos calizos, por F. G. Fernández, M. Caro y A. Cerda.-- The availability of added and native phosphorus to barley grown in sorne Egyptian soils .containing different levels of calciurn carbonate, by M. H. Nafady.-- The measurernent of soil pH in calciurn chloride solutions, by M. H. Nafady.- Nuevas aportaciones al conocimiento del género Mnema (nernatoda) y su distribución en los suelos españoles, por María Arias.-- Estudios bioquímicos y fisiológicos en aceituna. III. Variaciones en el crecimiento de hojas y frutos, por J. P. Donaire, A. J. Sánchez-Raya, J. López Corge y L. Recalde.-- Importancia de la rnicorrización espontánea en ensayos de nutrición vegetal en suelos deficientes en fósforo, por R. Azcón y J. M. Barea.-- Andosoles canarios. J. Características generales de estos suelos, por E. Fernández Caldas y M. L. Tejedor Salguero.-- Andosoles canarios. II. Intergrados andosol-tierra parda oligotrófica. Características morfológicas y quírnkas, por M. L. Tejedor Salguero y E. Fernández Caldas.-- Andosoles canarios. lll. Jntergrados andosol-tierra parda otigotrófica. Catacterísticas físicas, por E. Fernández Caldas y M. L. Tejedor Salguero.-- Andosoles canario;. IV. In ter grados andosol-tierra parda ohgotrófica. Características mineralógicas. Interpretación y clasificación, por C. Rodríguez Pascual, P. Quantin, M. L. Tejedor Salguero y E. Fernández Caldas.-- Estudios recapitualtivos.-- La vid una revisión de las condiciones del cultivo, por C. González O. y M. Lachica.—Notas científicas.-- Nota sobre la determinación del carbono orgánico en suelos, por J. F. Gallardo.—Notas.-- Ampliación de la Comisión Permanente de la Junta de Gobierno del Patronato Alonso de Herrera.-- Nombramiento de Secretario del Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada de Tenerife.-- Nombramientos en el Instituto de Alimentación v Productividad Animal.-- Cambio de representantes del Patronato Alonso de Herrera en la Comisión Asesora de la Investigación Científica y Técnica.-- Convenio con ASPA.-- Dimisión del Director del Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura de Murcia.-- Nombramientos de representantes en los C. R. l. D. A. S.-- Designación de Jurados para Premios del C. S. l. C.-- Informes del Secretario Adjunto del C. S. I. C. sobre reuniones en Europa.-- Convenio entre la Estación Experimental del Zaidín y la Universidad de Nápoles.-- Donación de terrenos a la Diputación de Badajoz.-- Seminario Oleícola Internacional.-- Congreso de la Unión Fitopatológica Mediterránea.-- Situaciones de personal.-- Reunión de la Comisión de Protección Vegetal.-- Día Forestal Mundial.-- Congresos y reuniones internacionales y viajes.-- Premio Agrícola Aedos.-- BibliografíaPeer reviewed2019-08.- CopyBook.- Libnova.- Biblioteca ICA