Understanding of puberty and related health problems among female adolescents in Karachi, Pakistan

Objectives: To understand the level of knowledge, a community based study conducted with the objectives as follows: To estimate the proportion of common facilities available and accessible and frequency of utilizing of it. To estimate the proportion of female adolescent utilizing the availability of facilities. To assess the level of understanding related to puberty and related health problems among female adolescents.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the understanding and level of knowledge related to puberty and related health problems among female adolescents of Karachi, Pakistan. Data was collected from 150 female adolescents between 10-19 years of age. The pre-coded questionnaire was used to collect the data which was double entered and analyzed in SPSS. Results: Sixty six percent (66%) of the participants were aware of the names of reproductive organs. Majority of the participants received information related to sexuality from their mothers. Sixty seven percent (67%) of the participants did not know about self breast examination. Cable and internet were cited as a major source of puberty and sexual health related information. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a lack of knowledge related to puberty and related health problems among female adolescents. This study recommends that the adolescents should be provided with health education before and during their puberty period to make them confident in dealing with their body changes during puberty effectively (JPMA 56:68;2006)

Admission criteria and subsequent academic performance of general nursing diploma students

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between admission criteria used to select students and their subsequent academic performance in general nursing diploma Programme in the province of Sindh. METHODS: Using a descriptive co-relational study design, data was collected retrospectively from records of the entire nursing student population of the batch of 2004. Using multiple linear regression analysis method, three regression models were developed to identify the group of variables that could predict academic performance of the students in the three-year general nursing diploma programme. RESULTS: Results identified a significant relationship between admission criteria and subsequent academic performance of the students in the general nursing diploma programme. Specific factors which were found significant included entry qualification, previous academic performance and gender. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that academic factors considered in the admission criteria were better predictors of students\u27 academic performance than the non academic factors. These factors should be considered in the admission criteria for general nursing diploma programme

Headmasters/headmistress' roles in facilitating learning organization in selected primary schools in Malaysia

The purpose of this study was to examine headmasters’ and headmistresses’ roles in facilitating learning organization and their perceptions of transformational leadership in primary schools. The study also examined the relationship between the headmasters’ and headmistresses’ perceptions of transformational leadership and their roles in facilitating learning organization. A survey method was used to collect data from 41 headmasters and headmistresses who were pursuing Bachelor degree programme in Educational Management. Organizational learning questionnaire developed by Silins, Zarins and Mulford (2002) was used to measure the roles of headmasters and headmistresses in facilitating learning organization, while transformational leadership questionnaire developed by Leithwood and Jantzi (1996, 1997) was used to assess leadership. Means and Pearson product correlations were used to analyze the data. Major results of this study showed that headmasters and headmistresses have high perceptions of learning organization and transformation leadership. Overall, transformational leadership indicated high and significant correlation with overall learning organization. Each dimension of transformational leadership indicated high and significant correlation with overall learning organization. Further, almost all dimensions of leadership showed significant correlations with dimensions of learning organization

Headmasters' and headmistresses roles in facilitating learning organization in selected primary schools in Malaysia : a preliminary study

The purpose of this study was to examine headmasters' and headmistresses' roles in facilitating learning organization and their perceptions of transformational leadership in primary schools. The study also examined the relationship between the headmasters'and headmistresses' perceptions of transformational leadership and their roles in facilitating learning organization. A survey method was used to collect data from all headmasters and headmistresses who were pursuing a Bachelor degree in Educational Management. An organizational learning questionnaire developed by Silins, Zarins and Mulford (2002) was modified and used to measure the roles of headmasters and headmistresses in.facilitating learning organization, while a transformational leadership questionnaire developed by Leithwood and Jantzi (1996, 1997) was modified and used to assess leadership. Means and Pearson product correlations were used to analyze the data. Major results of this study showed that headmasters and headmistresses have high perceptions of learning organization and transformation leadership. Overall, transformational leadership indicated high and significant correlations with overall learning organizations. Each dimension of transformational leadership indicated high and significant correlations with overall learning organizations' Furthermore, almost at dimensions of leadership showed significant correlations with dimensions of learning organization

Energy Efficient Spintronic Device for Neuromorphic Computation

Future computing will require significant development in new computing device paradigms. This is motivated by CMOS devices reaching their technological limits, the need for non-Von Neumann architectures as well as the energy constraints of wearable technologies and embedded processors. The first device proposal, an energy-efficient voltage-controlled domain wall device for implementing an artificial neuron and synapse is analyzed using micromagnetic modeling. By controlling the domain wall motion utilizing spin transfer or spin orbit torques in association with voltage generated strain control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), different positions of the domain wall are realized in the free layer of a magnetic tunnel junction to program different synaptic weights. Additionally, an artificial neuron can be realized by combining this DW device with a CMOS buffer. The second neuromorphic device proposal is inspired by the brain. Membrane potential of many neurons oscillate in a subthreshold damped fashion and fire when excited by an input frequency that nearly equals their Eigen frequency. We investigate theoretical implementation of such “resonate-and-fire” neurons by utilizing the magnetization dynamics of a fixed magnetic skyrmion based free layer of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). Voltage control of magnetic anisotropy or voltage generated strain results in expansion and shrinking of a skyrmion core that mimics the subthreshold oscillation. Finally, we show that such resonate and fire neurons have potential application in coupled nanomagnetic oscillator based associative memory arrays

Influence of single and multiple dry bands on critical flashover voltage of silicone rubber outdoor insulators: simulation and experimental study

Dry band formation on the surface of outdoor insulators is one of the main reasons leading to flashover and power outages. In this paper, a dynamic arc model is proposed for single and multiple dry bands configuration to predict the critical flashover voltage for silicone rubber outdoor insulators. An arc is modelled as a time dependent impedance consisting of a Resistor Inductor Capacitor (RLC) circuit. The effect of dry band location and existence of multiple dry bands on critical flashover voltage is investigated. To validate the proposed model, experiments were conducted in a climate chamber under controlled environmental conditions on rectangular silicone rubber sheets polluted using improved solid layer method based on IEC 60,507. Tests were conducted at different dry band configurations and pollution severity levels. A good correlation was found between experimental results and simulation results. This model can provide a good foundation for the development of mathematical models for station post insulators having multiple dry and clean bands and can be used in the design and selection of outdoor insulators for polluted conditions

A qualitative meta-synthesis of young peoples' experiences of ‘sexting’

Objective: To conduct a meta-synthesis of the qualitative research to explore young people's experiences and use of smart phones to send and receive sexually focused messages and images. Design: A qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted on the retrieved papers following a systematic search of PUBMED, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), COCHRANE, Embase, Medline and Psycinfo. The sample included five qualitative studies with a total sample size of 480 participants. Results: The meta-synthesis of the papers resulted in the development of four central themes: gender inequity, popularity with peers, relationship context, and costs and benefits. Conclusions: Drawing the qualitative work together highlights the manner in which ‘sexting’ is more nuanced than traditional ‘cyber-bullying’. The consensual sending of intimate images is a highly gendered activity. The gender issues require work with female students to explore the issue of ‘sexting’ and how it can be harmful. Work with male students around the issues of respect and gender harassment in relation to ‘sexting’ is also required and should contribute to sex and relationships education. The results indicate that school nurses working with young people need to build discussions about the use of technology within relationships into their work with young people

Do Workers’ Remittances Boost Human Capital Development?

This study examines the influence of workers’ remittances along with the economic governance system on human capital development in 17 countries having low income, lower middle, upper middle and high income levels by using the annual panel between 1996 and 2013. Overall, results of fixed-effects model reveal that workers’ remittances have significantly positive impact on the human capital development. Results also reveal the positive and significant impact of all selected variables of economic governance system on human capital. It is concluded that the strong economic governance system strengthens the association between workers’ remittances and human capital during the aforementioned time period. JEL Classification: F24, J23 Keywords: Remittances, Economic Governance System, Human Capital Developmen

Work experience at British American Tobacco Bangladesh

This internship report is submitted in a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of Internship report.Includes bibliographical references (page 33).This report was meticulously created to describe the different facets of working in British American Tobacco Bangladesh. It incorporates a brief history of the organization along with an organizational overview, its mission & vision and how it aligns itself with the current tobacco industry of Bangladesh. The report provides a glimpse into the company’s distribution network, product offerings and competition status. It also touches upon the organizational strategies, structure, functional areas and briefly explains the employee welfare & relations and CSR activities conducted by the Company. This comprehensive report includes an accurate portrayal of the daily activities performed by me as a Territory Officer working in the Trade Marketing & Distribution Department of British American Tobacco Bangladesh. Ample amount of time and energy was spared in the making of this report, in order to make it thorough and foolproof. Nevertheless, some inadvertent errors may have crept in despite my heartiest efforts. Also, the sensitive nature of the information and confidentiality may have hindered in making the report as descriptive as I would have liked to. These factors should thus be taken into consideration before drawing any conclusions. Personal views or suggestions and recommendations on areas of improvement alongside the findings have been included in this report as well. This report will thus hopefully enhance one’s knowledge regarding how a multinational company with such high stature such as British American Tobacco operates in the Bangladeshi market.Ali Azam Al WajedB. Business Administratio