Andragogy Principles In Arabic Learning At Diniyyah Putri Lampung

This study aims to describe the Andragogy Principles In Arabic Learning at MTs Diniyyah Putri Lampung. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. This method is used because the researcher wants to explore carefully and in-depth the work or activities of individuals or all individuals at MTs Diniyyah Putri Lampung. With this approach, researchers will obtain in-depth data or information related to the purpose of this study. From the data analysis that the author did, it was concluded that there are Andragogy Principles in most of the Arabic language learning activities at MTs Diniyyah Putri Lampung. This can be seen in several aspects of learning, for example, the provision of motivation in the introduction to learning that contains useful values, the practice of providing the material that provides experience, and the material is also related to daily problems, in assignments, there are practices assigned by the teacher. . The learning process is as needed, and interesting. Students participate actively, cooperate, so as to make the learning process not rigid and the teacher uses varied learning methods that eliminate the fear factor in Arabic subjects. besides that, there is also a process of Directing and motivating but not telling (guiding and asking; not telling), and teachers and students showing enthusiasm in learning Arabi

Prevalence of Poor Sleep and Relationship of Physical Exercise with Sleep among Male Adult Exercisers

Physical exercise has been suggested to show beneficial effects for various diseases and also for sleep. This study aims to assess the prevalence of sleep problems, and the relationship of physical exercise with sleep health among adult male exercisers. A total of 199 randomly selected athletes (all males) took part in this study. All participants responded to a questionnaire consisted of items related to demographic information that also included sports participation level, and playing experience. Self-reported sleep quality and physical exercise were using PQSI and three items concerning exercise frequency, intensity, and duration. The analysis revealed following main findings: 1) a significant negative correlation between physical exercise and sleep medication, 2) a significantly negative relationship between sports/ exercise participation level and sleep disturbance, 3) an 3.7 average global score of PSQI in total sample, 4) Exercise frequency was negatively correlated with daytime dysfunction whereas exercise intensity was negatively correlated with sleep disturbance and sleep efficiency but positively correlated with daytime dysfunction, 5) and prevalence of poor sleep in 22 % participants. There is some possibility to suggest that exercise may improve sleep health among adult male exercisers. The increased exercise frequency more positive impact to improve sleep but the relationship between exercise intensity and sleep remains inconclusive. existence of sleep problems in athletic population essentially require further attention for reducing the prevalence of poor sleep using other approaches along with continue doing exercise for good sleep

Prevalence and perceptions about consanguineous marriages among patients presenting to family physicians, in 2001 at a teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Aim: Consanguineous marriages are common in Pakistan despite their declining popularity in the developed world. In the present study, a questionnaire based survey was used to record the attitudes and perceptions of consanguineous marriages among the sample population. Methods: A questionnaire was developed to collect information on the acceptability of, and perceptions about, consanguineous marriages among patients presenting to family physicians, at the Family Practice Center of the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Demographic data was collected as part of the questionnaire. Each participating patient signed a consent form after assurance of confidentiality was provided. Results: A total of 393 patients were surveyed. The mean age of the study population was 29.4 years, 165 (42%) were men and 228 (58%) were women. The majority were married, well educated and were students, in private or government service or self employed. One hundred (25%) of the respondents were either married or were planning to marry their first cousin, and 57 (14%) their second cousin. The main reasons in favor of consanguineous marriages were quoted as: ‘arranged marriage’, ‘it is healthy to marry within the family’ and ‘it is traditional’. Some 271 (69%) of the respondents said ‘yes’ to their son or daughter marrying within the family. Constraints of religion, status, caste, family differences and the fear of incompatibility were among the reasons quoted as difficulties in finding a mate outside the family. Neurological diseases, diabetes mellitus and hypertension were quoted as diseases resulting from consanguineous marriages. Security of knowing the mate in the family, culture and religion, and having more information about the mate before marriage were quoted as reasons for the continued popularity of consanguineous marriages in Pakistan. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated a high degree of acceptability of consanguineous marriages among the study population and documented factors influencing such marriages. We recommend further studies, intervention strategies and debate on the issue

Benign Pulmonary Metastasizing Leiomyoma: A Case Report

Introduction: Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare disease, the first case of BML was reported by Steiner in 1939. It can affect any age group ranging from 30 to 75 years, but most commonly found in late childbearing period. Leiomyoma of the uterus can metastasize to different organs but lung is the most common site, hence the term pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma (PBML) is used. PBML is mostly diagnosed incidentally on imaging studies for other conditions. It can occur many years after hysterectomy for Leiomyoma of uterus.Presentation of the cases: We report a case of a 51 years old lady with chronic cough and pulmonary nodules on a computerized  tomography (CT) scan. She was referred to our hospital for the management of the probable metastatic cancer. Her diagnosis was challenging but a past history of hysterectomy, radiological findings and the histopathology helped us to diagnose this rare condition of benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML).Conclusion: Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma is rare benign disease. It should be considered as the probable diagnosis in a female patient with pulmonary nodules and a previous history of surgery for leiomyoma of uterus.  Pathological differentiation from leiomyosarcoma and other malignant metastatic condition is essential. Prognosis of PBML after surgical and/ or hormonal treatment is good

Spatiotemporal variation and socioeconomic factors of financial hardships of out-of-pocket health expenditure in Pakistan

Background: Financial hardships of out-of-pocket health expenditure (OPHE) is a growing concern for health policy makers in many low and middle-income countries. Spatiotemporal variation between Pakistan\u27s four provinces over 2001-2015 is discussed, which would help comparing existing health services delivery and financial risk protection plans.Aims: In this paper, we estimate financial hardship of OPHE in Pakistan.Methods: We use the data sets of the household integrated economic surveys 2001-02, 2005-06, 2010-11 and 2015-16. We estimate OPHE share in household total and non-subsistence expenditure, catastrophic headcount at the threshold of OPHE ≥ 10% of total expenditure or OPHE ≥ 25% of non-subsistence expenditure. We estimate impoverishment of OPHE using national poverty lines. Finally, we explore socioeconomic factors of financial hardships of OPHE.Results: Over the years, catastrophic headcount and impoverishment of OPHE had decreased at national level (-1.3% points) and in the provinces of Sindh (-7.8% points) and Khyber Pukhtoonkhawa (KPK), (-2.8% points). The province of KPK and the year 2005-06 witnessed the highest incidence of financial catastrophe (26.89% points) and impoverishment (4.8% points) of OPHE. Households in rural areas, in the middle and rich quintiles and those headed by a male were more likely to encounter financial catastrophe and impoverishment due to OPHE.Conclusion: Inter-provincial variation in financial hardships of OPHE provide aide to provincial level priority setting. The high impact of OPHE in the non-poor, in rural areas, and in KPK calls for enhanced targeting of financial risk protection plans

Theories of approaches to the study of meaning in Arabic

Abstract: In our daily lives we often hear and also use the meaning, (which is commonly synonymous with the word meaning) to refer to the notions, concepts, ideas and intentions that are realized in the form of utterances, symbols or signs. The meaning in speech is actually the same as the meaning in the symbol system or other sign systems because the real language is also a symbol system. Only the difference in meaning in language is manifested in symbols in the form of language units, namely words / lexemes, phrases, sentences, and so on. Referring to the opinion above, the following will discuss the theory of meaning from semantics. In semantics there is a relationship between sign and meaning. This study will discuss about theories of approaches to the study of meaningin Arabic. Qualitative approach will be used in this study and it focus on analyzing Theories of approaches to the study of meaning in Ilmu Dalalah book written by Ahmad Mukhtar Umar and the others which consider as secondary text.The researcher will discussabout theories of approaches to the study of meaning in Arabic. The findings show that the theories of approaches to the study of meaning in Arabic are an-nadzhariyah al-isyariyah(referential theory), an-nadzhariyah at-tashowuriyah(ideational theory), an-nadzhariyah as-sulukiyah(behavioral theory), nadzhariyatu as-siyaq(context theory), nadzhariyatu al-huqul al-dilaliyah(semantic field theory), an-nadzhariyah al-tahliliyah(analitical theory).Keywords:, Behavior, makna,referensial, semantik, tashowuriya

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Pakistani population with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study of selected family practitioner clinics in four provinces of Pakistan (CardiP Study)

Objective: To explore cardiovascular risk factors in people with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The cross-sectional, prospective, multicentre, study was conducted from June 2014 till July 2015 at family practice clinics in 27 cities across Pakistan, and comprised individuals aged 30-50 years diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus within the preceding six months. Laboratory investigations were conducted at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, and Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. The 10-year absolute risk of fatal or non-fatal coronary heart disease and stroke was calculated using the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Risk Engine version 2.0. Data were analysed using SPSS 19. Results: Out of 888 subjects, 362(40.8%) were women and 526(59.2%) were men. The overall mean presenting age was 42.4±5.8 years. After stratification by age, those ≥40 years were significantly associated with higher glycated haemoglobin (p=0.02) and those ≤39 years were associated with higher levels of very low density lipoprotein (p=0.001) and triglyceride (p=0.006). The mean risk estimate for CHD was 9.7% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 9.0- 10.1)), for fatal CHD 4.4% (95% CI 4.0-4.6), for stroke 1.5% (95% CI 1.2-1.7), and for fatal stroke 0.25% (95% CI 0.24- 0.26). Conclusion: There is a need for screening cardiovascular risk factors even in younger age groups of newlydiagnosed diabetes

Development of immobilised bioanode for microbial fuel cell

The efficiency of Microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance is based on how well the electron is transferred and finally turned into electrical power in a complete electrical circuit. However, MFC power capacity is still very low compare to similar conceptual fuel cell and one of the major reasons is due to high internal resistance imposed by macro-environment of an MFC. In the present research, the objectives were to develop bio-based anode and its usage in the MFC for power production. The power production was compared using free cells in MFC. The bioanode was developed by mixing cells solution and graphite granules overnight before adding alginate and subjected to homogenisation. The mixture was then immobilised using entrapment method to obtained uniform beads. Initial study was conducted using glucose as fuel and both open circuit voltage (OCV) and closed circuit voltage (CCV) were evaluated using MFC. Results show OCV increased gradually and still increased after 6 h of operation compared to free cells. In CCV profile for free cells show a decrease in voltage generated but then rapidly increased which indicates a 'power-overshoot' phenomenon which was not observe on immobilised based bioanode MFC. The maximum OCV was 2-fold higher for immobilised based bioanode compared to free cells. In conclusion, the immobilised based anode or bio-anode produced was proved viable for MFC application