Physical and acoustic properties of petroleum and renewable based polyurethane foam filled with shorea leprosula

Physical and acoustic properties of petroleum-based polyurethane (PU) and renewable based polyurethane (RPU) foam composites filled with Shorea Leprosula (Red Meranti) fiber filler has been investigated. Shorea Leprosula wood dust namely as SL was used as the filler. RPU was used with hope to substitute the current polyurethane. This research was carried out to investigate the physical and acoustical properties and the ability of polymer foam composites (PF) towards sound absorption coefficient (SAC) based on the wood fiber size with range of 150-200 μm (powder), 250-300 μm (fibrous) and 900-1000 μm (flakes). 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt% and 20 wt% of SL filler content and thickness of 10 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm were used for each PF sample. PF samples have been tested by using Impedance Tube test, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Mettler Toledo Density kit. As a result, the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) shows value at achievable frequency range at low (0-1500 Hz) and high (1501-6000 Hz) frequency absorption level. PU with powder fiber size (UP20), average pore size with 425.4 μm (smallest), and density 857.9 kg/m3 (highest) shows better sound behaviour with SAC value of 0.2478 and 0.9598 at low and high frequency absorption level. Meanwhile, for RPU with powder fiber size (RP20), average pore size with 479.8 μm (smallest), and density 839.0 kg/m3 (highest) shows better sound behaviour with SAC value of 0.2478 and 0.9940 at low frequency and high frequency absorption level. Moreover, UP20 and RP20 give the highest SAC value with 30 mm in thickness 0.9037 and 0.9909, and 0.9784 and 0.9809 at low and high frequency absorption level respectively. In conclusion, acoustical characteristics of PF samples shows the ability to influence the absorption coefficient of polymeric foam at different frequency levels. Both type of PF produce is suitable for sound absorbing materials for indoor and outdoor sound applications

Program Pengabdian Masyarakat: Sistem Informasi Administrasi Perjalanan Dinas pada Kantor Gubernur Provinsi Kalimantan Timur di Biro Umum

Program pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dengan membuat sebuah sistem informasi administrasi perjalanan dinas berbasis website yang dapat membantu Biro Umum dalam melakukan proses pembuatan surat perintah perjalanan dinas, laporan dan memberikan informasi sisa dana anggaran pada perjalanan dinas. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan di Biro Umum Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu dengan wawancara dengan mengajukan pertanyaan – pertanyaan yang berkaitan dengan administrasi perjalanan dinas, tata cara melakukan pembuatan perjalanan dinas dan bentuk output dari surat perintah perjalanan dinas. Dalam program pengabdian masyarakat ini tahapan pengembangan sistem yang digunakan yaitu waterfall model dengan perangkat lunak pendukung yang digunakan adalah Brackets, PhpMyadmin. Adapun hasil akhir dari program pengabdian masyarakat ini yakni berupa sistem informasi berbasis website yang dapat menyajikan informasi, data, pembuatan yang lebih mudah digunakan dan lebih cepat. Sistem Informasi Administrasi Perjalanan Dinas sebagai media dalam pengadministrasian yang dapat mengolah data secara mudah, efektif dan efisie

Studies on coordination chemistry and bioactivity of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) complexes containing some nitrogen-sulphur donor ligands

Several Schiff bases of S-benzyldithiocarbazate (SBDTC) and S-methyldithiocarbazate (SMDTC) have been synthesised. Complexes of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) with the pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde Schiff base of SBDrC were prepared. The compounds were characterised by elemental analyses and various physico-chemical techniques. The Schiff bases and the metal complexes were tested for cytotoxicity and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Cytotoxic screenings were carried out against T-lymphoblastic leukaemia cells (CEM-SS) and colon cancer cells (HI -29). The antimicrobial screenings were carried out against four bacteria and four fungi. The antioxidative assay was carried out using the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method. The Cu(II) and Cd(II) complexes were four coordinate while the Zn(II) complex was six coordinate

Improvement of the ergonomical structure of Knapsack sprayer to propel cart sprayer (PCS)

A sprayer is a device used to spray a liquid projection mostly used in agriculture crop used to apply such as pesticides. The sprayer’s usage are based on the type of the background of the farmers scale in agriculture. Large scale of farmers will use the motorize sprayer that will help saving their time to pesticide a large are of corps [1]. Meanwhile, small scale of farmers will use a manual operated sprayer such as Knapsack Sprayer which it is a low cost, low maintenance and easy to use since it does not have engine when operated. Both type of the sprayer has its own advantages and disadvantages that will affect the user. Mainly the manual operated Knapsack Sprayer is a knapsack type, a burden that will make user carry the heavy load at their back while spraying pesticide. The weight of the mixture carried can be up to 17 kilograms depends on the density of the mixture whereas the safe weight lifting legalize by OSHA is 22.68 kilograms which the load almost near to its limit for average man and will affect the body locomotion and bones structure if carried in a long term period. Total sprayed area per full tank are 44.09 meters square [2]. The product that will be made are to counter this problem occur while using Knapsack Sprayer. This product using pushing force to spray the targeted area without having the user to carry a heavy burden while working

Improvement of the total mass and operating time of Knapsack sprayer to Propel Cart Sprayer (PCS)

There are two types of background of the farmers which are the large scale and small scale of agriculture. Usually, the large scale farmers will use the motorize Knapsack Sprayer while the small scale farmers will use manual-operated Knapsack Sprayer. The motorize Knapsack Sprayer that uses by the large scale of agriculture farmers’ area is to save the cost and time [1]. Unfortunately, both types of Knapsack Sprayer have their own ineffectiveness and risk especially the manual Knapsack Sprayer. The farmers that use the manual Knapsack Sprayer will have to carry the heavy load at their back while spraying the pesticide. These are a very burden to the farmers, especially for the old farmers. The weight of the mixture carried can be up to 17 kilograms depends on the density of the mixture whereas the safe weight lifting legalize by OSHA is 22.68 kilograms which the load almost near to its limit for average man and will affect the body locomotion and bones structure is carried in a long term period [2]. The total sprayed area per full tank is 44.09 meters square. The process of spraying the pesticide will slow down because the farmers have to bring the heavy load

Dimensi amalan etika profesion

A crisis of confidence in the society is partly due to the reason that the society increasingly feels that their interests are not served by the professions. The situation if allowed to continue will not only adversely affect the professions, but will also destabilize the society. This study aims to identify the dimensions of ethical practices among the teaching profession at a public institute of higher learning. Quantitative data were collected from 147 lecturers to determine the basic concept of ethics, while qualitative data were collected through interviews to understand ethical practices. Results from the quantitative study indicate that the respondents opined that ethics can be learned and attitudes were the determinants of ethical practices. Ethical practices were based on spiritual intelligence developed through education at home and the workplace. Qualitative findings showed that the dimensions of ethical practices are founded on religion and values, followed by epistemological foundations and competencies, and practiced through operational and contextual fundamentals. These three dimensions are interrelated and influence each other. Dilemmas on ethical decision making are addressed through strong principles and practiced at each of these dimensions. The implications are directed toward formal and non-formal training of lecturers on spiritual aspects throughout the career of the lecturers

Membangun Kemandirian Pangan Dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Ketahanan Nasional

Pangan merupakan Hak Azasi Manusia, pangan juga menentukan kualitas sumberdaya manusia suatu bangsa dan pangan merupakan pilar ketahanan nasional. Ketahanan pangan merupakan pilar pembangunan sektor lainnya. Ketergantungan pangan dari impor dan ketidakmampuan suatu bangsa mencapai kemandirian pangan akan menyebabkan ketahanan nasional akan terganggu. Beberapa tahun terakhir terjadi kelangkaan pangan di pasar dunia yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya kenaikan harga pangan yang dipicu oleh kenaikan harga minyak bumi, menurunnya produksi pangan beberapa negara penghasil pangan, konversi pangan menjadi energi dan meningkatnya permintaan pangan dari negara yang mempunyai pertumbuhan ekonomi tinggi dan dengan populasi yang besar. Situasi pasar pangan dunia mempengaruhi pasar pangan domestik yang ditandai dengan adanya kenaikan harga pangan di pasar domestik dan kelangkaan komoditas pangan yang tingkat penyediaannya berasal dari impor masih tinggi, seperti kedelai dan jagung. Secara umum, Indonesia masih merupakan negara importir pangan. Upaya diversifikasi pangan dengan memanfaatkan keragaman pangan yang bersumber dari dalam negeri belum menunjukkan hasil yang diharapkan. Tingkat konsumsi beras masih tinggi dan diversifikasi pangan menggunakan bahan baku tepung terigu memperbesar posisi impor pangan Indonesia. Upaya peningkatan produksi pangan masih menghadapi masalah internal seperti konversi lahan, penyediaan input pertanian terutama benih dan pupuk, serta keterbatasan infrastruktur untuk kelancaran distribusi. Peningkatan produksi pangan juga masih tergantung pada kemampuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, pasar dan modal yang pada umumnya dikuasai oleh negara maju. Sementara negara berkembang seperti Indonesia hanya dijadikan pasar yang akan terus bergantung pada negara maju. Untuk mencapai kemandirian pangan, pemerintah harus mengambil langkah keberpihakan dan kebijakan yang kondusif serta intervensi melalui optimalisasi peran Bulog sebagai Badan Usaha Milik Negara yang melakukan fungsi operasi pasar, penyanggaan stok, distribusi, impor dan ekspor

Modelling basic numeracy learning application for children with autism: a pilot study / Muhamad Fairus Kamaruzaman, Harrinni Mohd Noor and Mustaffa Halabi Hj Azahari

Children with autism have various difficulties in developing cognitive abilities and attaining new knowledge. However, it is essential they obtain a competence approach in order to achieve independence. The state of art has shown that a significant aspiration for children with autism is to become independent. Part of attaining independence includes achieving skills that allow for self-determination and involvement in social activities. Hence, it is essential for every child with autism to acquire basic numeracy skills to enhance their self-determination. With the emergence of assistive learning technology such as smartphones, PDAs, tablets, and laptops with touchscreen features, there are extensive ways to improve the quality of life for children with autism. This study, therefore, aims to explore the basic numeracy skills-based dynamic visual for children with autism that will possibly be of assistance to parents, educators, and facilitators in the development of digital assistive learning tools to meet the requirements of children with autism in learning environments. From the proposed theoretical framework, an application was designed and tested with several children with autism. Based on observations from the experiment, the users showed positive attitudes towards the outcome of the application

Analisis Keunggulan Komparatif Beras Indonesia

Komoditas beras menjadi sumber pangan utama bagi 95 persen penduduk di Indonesia. Produksi padi tahun 2013 diperkirakan sebesar 70,87 juta ton gabah kering giling (GKG) setara dengan 42,52 juta ton beras atau naik 0,26 persen dibanding produksi padi 2012 yang tercatat 69,1 juta ton GKG. Di sisi lain, jumlah penduduk Indonesia pada tahun 2014 mencapai 250 juta jiwa dengan pertumbuhan yang melaju dengan cepat yakni sebesar 1,27 persen per tahun pada periode tahun 2005-2010. Konsumsi beras per kapita penduduk Indonesia mempunyai kecenderungan mengalami penurunan yakni dari 139 kg/kapita/tahun pada tahun 1993 menjadi 113 kg/kapita/tahun pada tahun 2012. Total konsumsi beras nasional mencapai 34,75 juta ton. Dengan demikian, seharusnya Indonesia sudah swasembada beras. Di masa depan, kalkulasi Indonesia akan kekurangan beras jauh lebih realistis ketimbang surplus beras, oleh karena itu kebijakan peningkatan ekonomi dan daya saing beras perlu diarahkan ke dalam bentuk kebijakan operasional baik dari sisi produksi maupun permintaan dalam upaya mencapai target swasembada beras berkelanjutan dan surplus beras nasional sebesar 10 juta ton pada tahun 2014. Dari hasil analisis keunggulan komparatif ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai Indeks Spesialisasi Pemasaran (ISP) beras baik segar maupun olahan mempunyai nilai negatif pada kisaran antara -1,0 hingga -0,71 yang berarti bahwa beras Indonesia mempunyai daya saing yang sangat rendah dan terus mengalami penurunan daya saing dari tahun ke tahun. Berdasarkan nilai Import Depedency Ratio (IDR) beras mempunyai nilai 0,80 - 1,02 persen, ini berarti supply beras Indonesia masih tergantung pada beras impor walaupun dalam kuantitas yang kecil, terutama pada jenis beras segar. Nilai Self-Sufficiency Ratio (SSR) beras Indonesia dari tahun 2008 – 2012 lebih dari 90 persen, yang berarti bahwa hampir sebagian besar kebutuhan beras dalam negeri dapat dipenuhi oleh produksi domestik. Hasil perhitungan nilai Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) menunjukkan bahwa beras Indonesia tidak mempunyai daya saing di pasar dunia. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai RSCA yang negatif yaitu sekitar -0,96hingga -0,99 persen pada tahun 2008-2012