Adhesion Characterization of Palm Oil Mill Sludge Modified Asphalt Binder

The adhesion of mineral aggregates to asphalt binder is an essential point that attributes to the quality and performance of the asphalt mixture. Moreover, the considerable problem to the asphalt pavement could come from the lack of bonding between the materials. Generally, adhesion of mineral aggregates depends on the source or type of aggregate and asphalt binder. This study investigated the adherence coverage of palm oil mill sludge (POMS) modified binder with granite aggregate. Base asphalt binder of penetration grade 60/70 was blended with 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5% of POMS to produce the modified asphalt binders, respectively. Consequently, POMS modified binders were mixed with the granite aggregate to produce loose mix samples. In this current study, boiling test procedure was used to reduce the adhesive bonding of the loose mix sample. Then, Image J software was used to evaluate the stripping area of the samples. The results from image analysis revealed that different stripping areas due to different amounts of POMS incorporated in the modified asphalt binder. Up to 4% POMS modified asphalt showed an acceptable resistance toward moisture compared to un-modified asphalt. Image J helped to produce a clear stripping result compared to visual observation. In conclusion, POMS could be used as an asphalt modifier with satisfactory adhesion properties

Adhesion Characterization of Palm Oil Mill Sludge Modified Asphalt Binder

The adhesion of mineral aggregates to asphalt binder is an essential point that attributes to the quality and performance of the asphalt mixture. Moreover, the considerable problem to the asphalt pavement could come from the lack of bonding between the materials. Generally, adhesion of mineral aggregates depends on the source or type of aggregate and asphalt binder. This study investigated the adherence coverage of palm oil mill sludge (POMS) modified binder with granite aggregate. Base asphalt binder of penetration grade 60/70 was blended with 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5% of POMS to produce the modified asphalt binders, respectively. Consequently, POMS modified binders were mixed with the granite aggregate to produce loose mix samples. In this current study, boiling test procedure was used to reduce the adhesive bonding of the loose mix sample. Then, Image J software was used to evaluate the stripping area of the samples. The results from image analysis revealed that different stripping areas due to different amounts of POMS incorporated in the modified asphalt binder. Up to 4% POMS modified asphalt showed an acceptable resistance toward moisture compared to un-modified asphalt. Image J helped to produce a clear stripping result compared to visual observation. In conclusion, POMS could be used as an asphalt modifier with satisfactory adhesion properties

Assessment ranking for green pavement material elements

The development of green roadway in Malaysia is one of the contributions to accomplish Malaysia Go Green Campaign. Hence, sustainable materials are widely used in road construction recently because people are more aware about its implications towards environments. However, people keep trying to find the most suitable sustainable materials to be used in designing road pavement. Hence, a new method is introduced which assessment ranking for green pavement material element and research is developed by finding and adding more green material used in designing pavements in Malaysia. They are then been categorized and analysed in order to identify which will become the most preferred material. Development of questionnaire survey is one of the steps involved as well as analysis of factor and ranking method for all the green material elements used in roads. About 25 respondents including teams from Public Work Department (JKR) and consultant company are chosen to answer the questionnaire survey according to their specialisation in road construction area. The agreement level which is the output from survey will be transferred into Minitab Software and measured using factor analysis. The factor score which is product from factor loading and mean values being restructure and becomes the weightage factor. Thus, all the material elements are ranked based on their weighted factor value. From the analysis of questionnaire survey, alternative binder become the most preferable material to be used for green pavement for it has the largest weighted factor

Development of Portable Air Conditioning System Using Peltier and Seebeck Effect

The society bustle factor in this day and age, most people want to find equipment that is often used in everyday life in a small and light weight design. The purpose of this project is to develop portable air conditioning system without using any gas. The system used thermoelectric heat pump as main device for producing cool air known as Peltier Effect. The generating system theoretically can recycle the heat loss to produce additional electricity for other usage. The efficacy of this system tested using two types of experimental using Peltier and Seebeck Effect. Both experimental are conducted using 3 specific volumes; 1) 1000cm3; 2) 4000cm3; and 3) 9000cm3. As a result, temperature for heating and cooling systems achieve around 16 – 40 degree Celcius (oC) while the voltage generated around 12V in 30 minutes

Effect of rainfall on the compaction of dense-graded hot mix asphalt

Unpredictable tropical weather particularly rainfall can possibly interfere the compaction work of asphalt pavement. Heavy rainfall often leads the asphalt to cool and harden quickly and become difficult to compact. This study evaluates the effect of rainfall on the compaction properties of hot mix asphalt (HMA). A dense-graded mix of AC14 was prepared using 60/70 PEN bitumen and compacted at different temperatures. A handy steel roller was used to compact the slab samples with the size of 305 mm × 305 mm × 50 mm. The cooling rate and time available for compaction (TAC) were monitored using thermocouple under different levels of artificial rainfall and wind speed generated in the laboratory to simulate the wet conditions. The slabs were then cored at 100 mm diameter and tested for the volumetric properties. The result shows that environmental conditions and mix temperature determines the cooling rate and final density of the asphalt pavement. In addition, the TAC decreases as the compaction temperature reduces. Alternatively, working under light and moderate rainfall during the asphalt paving operation reasonably achieves the required degree of compaction (DOC). However, paving works under heavy rainfall reduce TAC, compactibility and density of the asphalt mat

Adhesion characterization of palm oil mill sludge modified asphalt binder

The adhesion of mineral aggregates to asphalt binder is an essential point that attributes to the quality and performance of the asphalt mixture. Moreover, the considerable problem to the asphalt pavement could come from the lack of bonding between the materials. Generally, adhesion of mineral aggregates depends on the source or type of aggregate and asphalt binder. This study investigated the adherence coverage of palm oil mill sludge (POMS) modified binder with granite aggregate. Base asphalt binder of penetration grade 60/70 was blended with 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5% of POMS to produce the modified asphalt binders, respectively. Consequently, POMS modified binders were mixed with the granite aggregate to produce loose mix samples. In this current study, boiling test procedure was used to reduce the adhesive bonding of the loose mix sample. Then, Image J software was used to evaluate the stripping area of the samples. The results from image analysis revealed that different stripping areas due to different amounts of POMS incorporated in the modified asphalt binder. Up to 4% POMS modified asphalt showed an acceptable resistance toward moisture compared to un-modified asphalt. Image J helped to produce a clear stripping result compared to visual observation. In conclusion, POMS could be used as an asphalt modifier with satisfactory adhesion properties

Assessment framework for pavement material and technology elements in green highway index

Sustainability concept in highway development needs to be addressed critically in order to alleviate the effect of global warming and depletion of natural resources issues. In Malaysia, there are a lot of alternative pavement materials and technology that have been introduced to the industry so that green highway can be achieved. However, Malaysia does not have any tools to assess the level of greenness for any highway projects and still lacks of awareness in sustainable highway. Thus, the main objective of this study is to develop an assessment framework for pavement material and technology elements in Malaysia green highway index. An extensive literature were reviewed and expert discussion was conducted to identify the 13 vital elements of pavement material and technology which include regional materials; reuse of top soil; reused and/or recycled of non-hazardous materials; earthwork balance; usage of industrial by-products; subgrade improvement/soil stabilization, permeable pavement, pavement design life, quiet pavement, recycled pavement or new sustainable techniques; cool pavement; soil biotechnical engineering treatment; and green techniques. Questionnaires were distributed among the 109 highway practitioners to obtain their agreement level on these elements. Then, all the data were analyzed by using factor analysis approach which generated from Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. The assessment score of each element was calculated from the findings and assessment framework for pavement material and technology elements was established. Results show that all the elements were grouped into four main factor namely environmental control, economical resources, innovation technology and erosion control with four point was considered as a maximum point score to be achieved in green highway assessment framework. Hence, the research clearly indicates that these elements are essential to be implemented in Malaysia's highway development indirectly as an encouragement to improve the performance of transportation sector

Properties of bitumen modified with latex

A lot of effort has been made to improve the base bitumen properties by adding different types of modifier. The current issue of pavement failure has raised a concern that high specification of bitumen is essential to counter the asphalt pavement challenges. This is to ensure that the bitumen could perform better as a road material. Natural rubber, particularly latex, has potential to be used as a modifier in bitumen compared to other types of rubber as it is cheaper, accessible and easily dispersed in the liquid bitumen when heated. This study evaluates the physical and rheological properties of the bitumen when added with latex rubber. Difference percentages of latex i.e. 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10% were added to the 60/70 PEN bitumen and tested for penetration, softening point, viscosity, ductility, loss on heating and dynamic shear rheometer tests. As a result of the modification, it was found that latex hardened the control bitumen, increases the viscosity and provides better resistance against rutting

Waste cooking oil as bio asphalt binder: a critical review

The modification of binder with waste cooking oil (WCO) for paving materials indicates the implementation of recycling practice with environmental issues concern, thus improving the proper management of this waste product. This paper presents a critical review of the WCO utilisation as a modifier to enhance binder properties. The review was focuses on the evaluation of WCO in asphalt binder modification and asphaltic concrete mixture. Basically, oil-based modification by using WCO in paving material provides a promising waste material potential in improving the engineering value in terms of rheological and mechanical performance for modified binder and asphalt mixture. It is expected that the addition of this modifier in binder gives superior performance and is comparable with the conventional binder

Antibacterial and antibiotic potentiating capabilities of extracts isolated from Burkillanthus malaccensis, Diospyros hasseltii and Cleisthanthus bracteosus against human pathogenic bacteria

Antibiotics which once a boon in medicine and saved millions of lives are now facing an ever-growing menace of antibacterial resistance, which desperately needs new antibacterial drugs which are innovative in chemistry and mode of action. For many years, the world has turned to natural plants with antibacterial properties to combat antibiotic resistance. On that basis, we aimed to identify plants with antibacterial and antibiotic potentiating properties. Seventeen different extracts of 3 plants namely Burkillanthus malaccensis, Diospyros hasseltii and Cleisthanthus bracteosus were tested against multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Antibacterial activity of hexane, methanol and chloroform extracts of bark, seed, fruit, flesh and leaves from these plants were tested using, disk diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Antibiotic potentiating capabilities were tested using time-kill assay. B. malaccensis fruit chloroform extract showed the biggest zone of inhibition against MRSA (13.00±0.0 mm) but C. bracteosus bark methanol extract showed the biggest inhibition zone against MSSA (15.33±0.6 mm). Interestingly, bark methanol extract of C. bracteosus was active against MRSA (8.7±0.6 mm), MSSA (7.7±0.6 mm) (Gram-positive) and A. baumannii (7.7±0.6 mm) (Gram-negative). Overall, the leaf methanol and bark methanol extract of C. bracteosus warrants further investigation such as compound isolation and mechanism of action for validating its therapeutic use as antibiotic potentiator importantly against MRSA and A. baumannii