Estudio longitudinal de la calidad de vida de personas con daño cerebral adquirido

Tesis por compendio de publicaciones[ES] Cuando una persona sufre un daño cerebral adquirido aparecen una serie de alteraciones y secuelas de diversa índole (i.e., físicas, cognitivas, emocionales, sociales,etc.) que se transforman, en la mayoría de los casos, en situaciones de dependencia y discapacidad crónicas, ejerciendo efectos muy negativos sobre los niveles de calidad de vida. La calidad de vida ha sido un concepto ampliamente estudiado en otras poblaciones con discapacidad, llegando a la formulación de modelos teóricos sólidos y ampliamente contrastados. Sin embargo, en el caso de la población con daño cerebral tradicionalmente se ha seguido un modelo de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, en la que se omitían algunas áreas importantes para la persona. Recientemente, se llevó a cabo un proceso de construcción y validación de una escala específica, integral y robusta para esta población: la escala de Calidad de Vida en Daño Cerebral (CAVIDACE). No obstante, esta escala era un instrumento que seguía exclusivamente un enfoque centrado en la evaluación de la calidad de vida de la persona a través de otros evaluadores y, además, adolecía de un estudio en mayor profundidad de los factores que afectaban a los niveles de calidad de vida y del curso de evolución que seguía a lo largo del tiempo desde este enfoque integral, para así poder optimizar las prácticas y el proceso de rehabilitación y apoyos que se desarrollan con estas personas. Por tanto, los objetivos de esta Tesis Doctoral son, por un lado, adaptar y validar la versión autoinforme de la escala CAVIDACE, y por otro, analizar la evolución longitudinal de la calidad de vida a lo largo de 12 meses y los factores implicados en la consecución de mejores resultados.[EN] When a person suffers an acquired brain injury, a variety of alterations and sequelae appear (i.e., physical, cognitive, emotional, social, etc.) that transform, in most cases, into situations of chronic dependency and disability, which have very negative effects on quality of life levels. Quality of life has been a widely studied concept in other populations with disabilities, leading to the formulation of solid and widely contrasted theoretical models. However, in the case of brain injury a health-related quality of life model has traditionally been followed, in which some important areas for the person were omitted. Recently, a process of construction and validation of a specific, comprehensive, and robust scale was carried out for this population: the CAVIDACE scale. Nevertheless, this scale was an instrument that followed an approach focused exclusively on proxy evaluation and, in addition, a more in-depth study of the factors that affected quality of life levels and the course of evolution they followed from this holistic model was lacking, to optimize the supports and the rehabilitation process with this population. Thus, the objectives of this Doctoral Thesis are, on the one hand, to adapt and validate the self-report version of the CAVIDACE scale, and on the other hand, to analyze the longitudinal evolution of quality of life over 12 months follow-up and the factors involved in achieving better results

Aplicación de un acabado antibacteriano e impermeabilizante en la ropa de trabajo para los agricultores de San Gabriel utilizando sulfato de cobre y microemulsión de silicona

Aplicar un acabado antibacteriano e impermeabilizante en ropa de trabajo para los agricultores de San Gabriel utilizando sulfato de cobre y micro emulsión de silicona.El presente trabajo de grado da a conocer un acabado antibacteriano e impermeabilizante en ropa de trabajo, para los agricultores que se encuentran en San Gabriel, utilizando sulfato de cobre y micro emulsión de silicona. Se aplica en la industria textil cuyo objetivo principal es, eliminar microorganismos indeseables causantes de enfermedades, como también que el tejido tenga una repelencia al agua, causada por lluvias, siendo este un proceso que contribuye a nuevas investigaciones en la industria textil. Todo este proceso es ejercido en tejido gabardina y jeans, los cuales son géneros resistentes y muy utilizados en las prendas de los agricultores. En capítulo I habla sobre la agricultura, las condiciones de trabajo, las enfermedades, riesgos y contaminantes en toda área agrícola, en los cuales estas personas se exponen día a día, siendo un área muy difícil de controlar su salud y seguridad. En el capítulo II detalla acerca de los novedosos textiles inteligentes y sus clases de textiles con sus respectivas propiedades y los acabados textiles con sus diferentes clases de acabados en los que se incluye también el acabado antibacteriano y repelente dando gran importancia en el mundo de los textiles. En el capítulo III define los productos sulfato de cobre y micro emulsión de silicona con sus diversas propiedades con el objetivo de dar a conocer los beneficios que ofrece el cobre, para desactivar bacterias expuestas al contacto humano. Como también hablar sobre la propiedad de repelencia. En el capítulo IV detalla la parte práctica en el cual está la determinación del proceso de acabado a base de sulfato de cobre y micro emulsión de silicona, proceso mediante el cual se lo realiza por el método de impregnación, en tejidos de alta densidad, en un baño no muy viscoso, con su respectiva hoja de programación, hoja patrón y curva de proceso. El capítulo V contiene pruebas de comprobación de los acabados antibacteriano y repelente con sus diferentes métodos de demostración y las hojas técnicas de los productos. En el capítulo VI contiene la determinación de la solidez de lavado, al frote, a luz y la resistencia al agua las muestras realizadas. En el capítulo VII está el respectivo análisis de costos de las prendas realizadas y puestas a prueba. Finalmente el capítulo VIII contiene las debidas conclusiones y recomendaciones después de haber concluido la investigación con sus respectivos análisis.Ingenierí

Examining the suitability of the list of indicators describing age-related typical support needs

Producción CientíficaThe list of indicators is a form of training material used for the Supports Intensity Scale—Children’s version (SIS-C). It is aimed at helping interviewers distinguishing between extraordinary and age-related typical support needs in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) when implementing the SIS-C, and thus improve supports planning. The aim of this study is to adapt and test the list of indicators’ content validity and rating scale’s functioning in Spain. A total of 222 general education teachers reported their agreement with each indicator description using a 5-point rating scale. A total of 353 of 366 indicators showed evidence of content validity, whereas analyses on the rating scale highlighted the necessity of subsuming one of the scale categories within another. The need for developing research-based training materials to develop training programs on the use of the SIS-C to support decision-making concerning supports planning with students with IDD, the relevance of using the latest methodological approaches available when required, and future lines of research are discussed.Unión Europea Programa Erasmus - (grant 2017-3338/001-001 (project 592127-EPP-1-2017-1-BE-EPPKA3-IPI-SOC IN)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad - (grant BES-2016-078252)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) - (Grant PID2019-110127GB-100

The Engagement in University Students: Preliminary Psychometric Analyses of the Spanish Version of the Engagement vs. Disaffection with Learning Scale

[EN] Student engagement is defined by the degree of active student participation in a learning activity. Some studies  highlight the existence of two complementary factors: engagement and disaffection, with two domains in each of them (behavioral and emotional). This study’s objective was to perform a preliminary analysis of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Engagement vs. Disaffection with Learning (EDL). We analyzed a sample of 194 participants, examining the distribution of item responses, the factor structure, internal consistency, and the correlation between AES and other measures of engagement and personality traits. The results confirmed its reliability in terms of internal consistency. However, it has some problematic items. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the EDL seems to be a promising scale to assess engagement in Spanish-speaking students, with the need to review some of its previous items.This study was funded by the Convocatòria d'Ajuts a la Recerca en Docència Universitària (REDICE-22) of the Institut de Desenvolupament Professional of the University of Barcelona (grant number: 3200).Aza, A.; Guilera, G.; Chai, CA.; Gómez-Benito, J.; Guerrero, E.; Barrios, M. (2023). The Engagement in University Students: Preliminary Psychometric Analyses of the Spanish Version of the Engagement vs. Disaffection with Learning Scale. En 9th International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAd'23). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 861-870. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAd23.2023.1615286187

Toward a better “Person–Environment Fit” through items calibration of the SIS-C

Producción CientíficaThe Supports Intensity Scale–Children’s Version (SIS-C) is the only available tool to assess extraordinary support needs for children and adolescents with intellectual disability. In past years, several works have proclaimed the need for its ongoing improvement as a measurement instrument. To contribute to this line of research, the goal of this work is to analyze the reliability of the SIS-C and its usefulness to distinguish between different levels of intensity of support needs. To address this, 814 children and adolescents with intellectual disability (M = 11.13 years; SD = 3.41) were assessed using the SIS-C Spanish version. Item response theory analyses were conducted to estimate latent scores and assess measurement quality along the support needs continuum. The SIS-C items showed good overall discrimination and information values, and none showed problems that required their removal or modification. However, all the scales composing the SIS-C showed problems in discerning high levels of intensity of support needs, especially for children and adolescents with severe/profound intellectual disability. This ceiling effect may be an obstacle for both research and practice involving the SIS-C. Implications for research and practice are discussed, and future lines of research for improving the SIS-C are provided.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PSI2015-65193-P y BES-2016-078252

Domains and dimensions of Family Quality of Life among families with a member with neurodegenerative diseases

[EN]Background Family quality of life (FQoL) is a recent construct to be applied in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). In this context, there is interest in advancing in the measurement of the FQOL as a first step to determine the supports that families need to perceive quality of life. The aim of this study was to test the validity of the Family Quality of Life Survey- Dementia (DiZazzo-Miller & Samuel, 2011) in order to assess FQoL among family members of individuals with NDs who live in the cross-border area of Spain-Portugal. Method Three hundred family members of people with NDs completed the FQoLS-NDs Survey (Badia et al., 2020). The mean age was 62.4 years (SD = 13.34). Most were males (70%), married (79.7%), not working (64.7%), with low income (66.1%), and had elementary/high studies (73.1%). The majority were the spouse/partner (40.9%) or son/daughter (51.7%) of the care-recipient and played the role of primary caregiver (93.3%). Sixty percent of care-recipients were females (M= 79.3 years; SD= 11.7). Sixty two percent presented dementia, 30.4 % Parkinson´s disease, and 7.6% multiple sclerosis. Construct validity was tested by correlation analysis to examine associations between domain level outcomes (i.e., health, financial well-being, family relationships, support from others, support from services, influence of values, careers, leisure and recreation, and community integration) and global FQoL. Likewise, t-tests were used to compare the outcome measures (attainment and satisfaction) within each of the nine family domains. Result Global attainment and satisfaction with FQOL-NDs was found to be significantly correlated with composite attainment and satisfaction from nine domains (r=.489, p<.001 and r=.536, p<.001, respectively). Attainment and satisfaction were positively correlated within the nine domains (ranging from r=.83 to r=-.69, p<.001). There was a significant difference between domain-level attainment and satisfaction ratings [t(299)=12.28, p<.001, h2=.34]: the mean level of satisfaction experienced (M=3.71, SD=0.49) was significantly higher than that of attainment (M=3.52, SD=0.49). Conclusion This study demonstrates that FQOL-NDs has good validity properties and it is a useful tool to establish FQOL profiles for family caregivers of people with NDs

El uso de metodología online para la evaluación de competencias como estrategia de mejora en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de estudiantes universitarios de psicología

Memoria ID-110. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021

Transcultural adaptation and psychometric properties of Family Quality of Life Survey for caregivers of people with neurodegenerative disease: a study of Spanish families who live in the rural Spain–Portugal cross-border

[EN]Background: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the main causes of disability and dependence that have a great impact both on the quality of life of people with disabilities and their families. A majority of people with NDs receive care and support from the family, but there is no tool in Spain with which to measure whole-family QOL. The aim of this study was the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the FQOLS–Dementia into Spanish to assess FQOL among family members of individuals with NDs who live in the Spain–Portugal cross-border area. Method: The Spanish version was translated and adapted following the international guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation tests. A sample of 300 family caregivers was interviewed, applying an adapted version of the Family Quality Survey (FQOLS–Dementia). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to validate the factor structure, and convergent validity was examined with Pearson’s correlation coefficients of the global FQOL with the domains. Internal consistency reliability was determined using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The domain structure of the FQOLS–ND showed a good fit. In the convergent validity, it was found that the total score and the subscale domain scores were associated with the global FQOL score, except for the Values domain. Internal consistency of nine domain subscales was strong (α = 0.80 to 0.91), and excellent for the total FQOL (α = 0.85) and the global FQOL (α = 0.87). Conclusion: The FQOLS–ND presented good validity and reliability in caregiver families with individuals with ND, so its application shows its usefulness in detecting areas of improvement and intervention strategies for FQOL in the Spain–Portugal cross-border area

Rights and quality of life of individuals with intellectual disability and extensive support needs

People with intellectual (ID) and developmental disabilities who have generalized or extensive support needs constitute a particularly vulnerable group that has traditionally experienced situations of exclusion. Despite this, their situation has not been a priority subject of study nor have there been specific developments in social policy to respond to their needs, which can be translated into an absence of interest in knowing the reality of these group, difficulties to guarantee the fulfillment of their rights, and lack of initiative aimed to achieve their full inclusion in society. Is therefore necessary to undertake different actions, translated into objectives of the present work: to explore and synthesize existing data on this group in our country; to detect their needs and their fulfillment; and to propose evidence-based guidelines to ensure their well-being and rights. For this purpose, the methodology used consisted of: (a) a review of the most relevant scientific literature of the last ten years on ID and extensive support needs; and (b) the analysis of the results yield by two national surveys carried out in Spain: the Disability, Independence, and Dependency Situations survey, EDAD (INE, 2008), and the System for Autonomy and Care for Dependency, SAAD (IMSERSO, 2016), among others. Considering the disparities observed within this group, urgent lines of action are highlighted, which are aimed to improve the knowledge about the living conditions of people with more significant ID and drive better practices in the provision of supports to this group.Las personas con discapacidades intelectuales (DI) y del desarrollo que presentan una mayor necesidad de apoyos constituyen un grupo especialmente vulnerable en lo que a defensa y garantía de sus derechos se refiere. A pesar de ello, su situación no ha sido objeto prioritario de estudio ni han existido desarrollos específicos de política social para responder a sus necesidades, lo cual se traduce en una escasez de interés por conocer en profundidad la realidad de estas personas, dificultades para garantizar el cumplimiento de sus derechos y falta de iniciativas orientadas al logro de su plena inclusión. Todo ello hace necesario el emprendimiento de una serie de acciones, traducidas en objetivos del presente trabajo: examinar y sintetizar los datos existentes sobre este colectivo en nuestro país; detectar sus necesidades y el grado de cumplimiento de las mismas; y proponer orientaciones claras y basadas en el conocimiento para asegurar el bienestar y el cumplimento de derechos. Para ello, la metodología empleada ha consistido en: (a) la revisión de la literatura científica más relevante de los últimos diez años sobre DI y grandes necesidades de apoyo; y (b) la explotación de distintas bases de datos como la Encuesta de Discapacidad, Autonomía personal y situaciones de Dependencia, EDAD (INE, 2008) y del Sistema de Información del Sistema para la Autonomía y Atención a la Dependencia (SISAAD), entre otras. A partir de los datos analizados y observando las situaciones frecuentes de exclusión a las que se enfrenta este colectivo, se extraen líneas urgentes de actuación para mejorar el conocimiento sobre las condiciones de vida de las personas con DI más significativa que permitan el desarrollo de buenas prácticas en la provisión de apoyos a este colectivo

Metodología Bimodal en la Asignatura Psicología de la Discapacidad: integrando la docencia clásica y la online para promover la igualdad de oportunidades

Memoria ID-133 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021