Investigating geothermal energy resource potential in parts of south western Nigeria using aeromagnetic data

The investigation of geothermal energy resources potential in this study involves delineating targets areas of the earth’s crust where geologic processes have raised temperatures near the surface, such that the heat contained can be utilised. A high-resolution aeromagnetic (HRAM) data of part of south-western Nigeria on longitude 3.5° 5.5° and latitude 7.0° 9.0° consisting of 16 half degree sheet was used for this research work. Spectral analysis was applied in processing HRAM data, which transforms the spatial data into the frequency domain, and provides a relationship between the two-dimensional spectrum of the magnetic anomalies. Results indicates that the average Curie point depth (CPD) within the study area is 8.5 km followed by the average geothermal gradient of 42.5℃−1 and an average heat flow 55 −2. The equitable promising geological results useful for geothermal exploitation is within longitude 4.2° 4.6° and latitude7.8° 8.2°, where the lowest CPD (5.5km), highest geothermal gradient (75℃−1) and highest heat flow (190−2) bounded by Oshogbo and Ogbomosho as indicated on the maps. The paper suggests that such an area can be considered for geothermal energy exploitation since the demagnetized of magnetic rocks confirms a hot rock who’s temperature of about 580℃

Effects of Gas Flaring and Oil Spillage on Rainwater Collected for Drinking in Okpai and Beneku, Delta State, Nigeria

This paper evaluates the effects of gas flaring and oil spillage on rainwater quality for domestic use in Okpai and Beneku areas of Delta State Nigeria Both field and laboratory techniques were employed in the analyses of rainwater quality Rain water samples were collected in the dry December January and February and wet June July and August seasons from Okpai experimental site and Benekuku controlled site The water samples were analyzed for chemical physical and biological parameters using the methods of Radojevic and Bashkin 1976 USEPA 2007 and Kolo 2007 The results showed that gas flaring and oil spillage have significantly changed some physic-chemical and biological properties of drinking water in the study area For instance there were changes in the taste color temperature conductivity alkalinity and total dissolved salts These could have serious health implications on the ihabitants of the area Apart from these other parameters analyzed corresponded to the approved maximum permissible limits for drinking water set by NAFDAC USEPA and WH

Assessment of Land use and Land Cover Change in Kwale, Ndokwa-East Local Government Area, Delta State, Nigeria

The study examines land use and land cover change in Kwale Ndokwa-East Local Government area Delta State Nigeria between 1975 and 2008 using GIS and remote sensing technique The satellite data that were employed included LandSat MSS 1975 LandSat TM 1987 LandSat ETM 2001 downloaded from Global Landcover Resources Website http www glcf com while images from NigSat1 2008 were obtained from the National Centre for Remote Sensing Jos Plateau state Nigeria The software used for the processing and analysis for this study includes ARCGIS 9 ERDAS 8 1 and ILWIS 3 2a Results of the study revealed that on the average between 1975 and 2008 bare surfaces decreased to by 93 51 forest vegetation by 30 98 settlement by 25 61 and woodlands by 37 19 Marshlands cultivated lands shrublands and water bodies increased respectively by 54 45 24 42 3 21 and 319 91 This showed that bare surfaces forest vegetation settlements and woodlands were gradually being replaced by marshlands cultivated lands shrublands as well as water bodies Settlements were found to be aggregating within specific geographic regions over time It is therefore recommended that concerted efforts be made to reclaim the areas occupied by bare surface and marshlands into arable agricultural lands And finally further efforts should be devoted towards reducing gas flaring increasing afforestation strategies while discouraging lumbering oil spillage as well as gas flaring within the regio

Physico-Chemical and Bacterialogical Analysis of the Surface Water Used for Domestic Purposes in Okpai and Beneku, Delta State, Nigeria

The main focus of this study is to analyze the effects of gas flaring and oil spillage on surface water used for domestic purpose in Okpai and Beneku area Delta State Nigeria Surface water samples were collected in the dry December January and February and wet June July and August seasons from Okpai experimental site and Beneku control site The water samples were analyzed for chemical physical and biological parameters using standard procedures The results for all the parameters analyzed showed higher variation between samples obtained from the experimental site and those of the control site which indicate possible pollution in the experimental site for instance the pH values were 5 33 and 5 586 in the dry and wet seasons respectively for Okpa For Beneku the pH values were 6 82 and 6 91 in the dry and wet seasons respectively Magnesium 2 437mg l in the dry and 2 063mg l in the wet recorded in samples obtained from Okpai were higher than those obtained Beneku The presence of coliform 2 colonies in the dry and approximately 1 67 colonies in the wet were recorded in Okpai sample

Investigation of drift phenomena at the pore-scale during flow and transport in porous media

Acknowledgments: We express our appreciation to the Petroleum Technology Development Fund, Nigeria (PTDF), for funding this research project.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

29 FORAGE PRODUCTIVITY IN GONGOSHI GRAZING RESERVE IN ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

ABSTRAC

Effect of Some Environmental Factors on Incidence and Severity of Angular Leaf Spot of Cotton in Yola and Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Environmental factors such as relative humidity and rainfall generally have been found to increase the incidence, rate of spread and severity of diseases thereby reducing yield of crops. Study was conducted on five cotton varieties, which were artificially inoculated with bacterial blight pathogen to determine the effects of rainfall and relative humidity on incidence and severity of angular leaf spot (ALS) and yield of seed cotton in Yola and Mubi. Results showed that the severity of ALS was higher in Yola (58.65%) at 13 WAS assumed to be due to higher relative humidity range of 76% - 87% and low rainfall of 2 - 40.6 mm. This is assumed to have favoured disease development as against that of Mubi location which recorded lower severity (51.11%) due to lower relative humidity (42% - 55%) and rainfall (37 - 73 mm). Results further revealed that at 13 WAS, SAMCOT-8 had low incidence (66%) and severity (39%) in Yola. This was against the much higher corresponding incidence and severity of 82% and 42% respectively that was observed in Mubi during the same period. SAMCOT-10 and SAMCOT-9 varieties were found to be highly susceptible to the disease at the same period. SAMCOT-8 recorded the highest yield of 390.00 kg?ha?1 in Yola and 868.09 kg?ha?1 in Mubi while the lowest yields of 227.17 kg?ha?1 was observed on SAMCOT-10 in Yola while 461.61 kg?ha?1 was obtained on SAMCOT-9 in Mubi. The variation in yield among these varieties might be due to the differences in their reactions to the disease. There is a need to conduct further trials in these locations to confirm the level of resistance or other aspects of these varieties to the disease

Climate change and lake water resources in Sub-Saharan Africa: case study of lake Chad and lake Victoria

This review assesses the impact of climate change on lake water resources in Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA). Two significant global water features with immense contribution to agriculture and socio-economic development of the region were analysed. Lake Victoria is the world second largest freshwater lake and Lake Chad the largest endoreic basin. These two great water bodies have been affected drastically by climate change and human influence. A significant shrinkage on Lake Chad was experienced with a decrease in water stored from in 1960s to less than in 2005. This effect abruptly receded Lake Chad from 25,000Km2 in the 1960s to 1350Km2 in 2005; while Lake Victoria experienced continual fluctuations from over a century; with evaporation rates varying between 1370mm to 1600mm, 90% of water loss which leads to peak fluctuation occurring in 1961.Keywords: Water Resource, Climate Change, Sub-Saharan Africa, Lake Chad, Lake Victori

ESTABLISHING THE RATES OF DEFORESTATION USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING TOOLS IN SHENDAM DISTRICT, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

This study presents an estimate of deforestation rates in Shendam district, geographically located at latitude   8º53′43.88″N and longitude 9º27′13.41″S, in Shendam Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. The study was carried out using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools/ Remote Sensing Applications and field observation to establish the rates and extend of forest resources depletion within the study area. The Center for Remote Sensing, Jos, Plateau State, generated the  Land use Cover Data for the years, 1994, 2004, 2014,using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) at 30m Resolution. The  results from (1994-2014) shows 173.3 hectares of forest lost and (2004-2014) shows 128.3 hectares of  forest cover  lost annually. In1994, the vegetation cover of the study area was characterized by forest (39.3%), shrubs (31.9%), farmlands (20.8%) and built-up area had (8.0%) which implies that there was less farming activity in the study area at that time. In 2014, however, forest cover decreased to 11.2%, shrubs reduced to 25.6% farmlands increased to 38.1%, while built-up area rose to 25.1%. This indicates an increase in human settlement and farming activities in shendam district. The following recommendations were offered: Afforestation policy should be reviewed to strengthened  forest management and Social investment programmes should be introduced to empower the less privileged. The policy of cut one-plant five trees initiative should be embraced for the purpose of environmental sustainability in Shendam District. KEYWORDS:  Deforestation, GIS and Remote Sensing, Settlement, Sustainabilit

Design and fabrication of a cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) peeling machine

The processing of cocoyam tubers for industrial or human use involves different operations of which peeling is the major problem. This study was aimed at designing, fabricating and carrying out performance evaluation of a cocoyam peeling machine, taking into consideration some physical and mechanical properties of the cocoyam tubers. The machine was evaluated based on the following parameters which includes; throughput capacity and peeling efficiency at the speeds of 400 rpm, 700 rpm and 933 rpm. Results revealed that, for all the speeds tested in the experiment, the corresponding peeling efficiencies of the machine were 50%, 64% and 68% respectively while that of the throughput capacities were 63.20 kg/hr, 84.90 kg/hr and 112.92 kg/hr respectively. It was observed that 933 rpm speed was the most suitable speed for the operation of this machine, as it had higher peeling efficiency of 68% with a throughput capacity of 112.92 kg/hr. These results showed appreciable improvement over manual method which is 20 – 35 kg/hr